public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { RequestQueue requestQueue=new RequestQueue(); new ClientThread("Alice",requestQueue, 3141592L).start(); new ServerThread("Bobby",requestQueue, 6535897L).start(); } }
public class Request { private final String name; public Request(String name) { this.name=name; } @Override public String toString() { return "[ Request "+name+"]"; } }
public class RequestQueue { private final LinkedList<Request> queue=new LinkedList<Request>(); public synchronized Request getRequest() { if (queue.size()<=0) { try { wait();//this.wait();当前执行的线程在this上等待,也就是在RequestQueue实例对象上面等待 } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } return queue.removeFirst(); } public synchronized void putRequest(Request request) { queue.addLast(request); notifyAll(); } }
public class ClientThread extends Thread{ private Random random; private RequestQueue requestQueue; public ClientThread(String name,RequestQueue requestQueue,long seed) { super(name); this.requestQueue=requestQueue; random=new Random(seed); } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { Request request=new Request("No."+i); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " requests " + request); requestQueue.putRequest(request); try { Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
public class ServerThread extends Thread{ private Random random; private RequestQueue requestQueue; public ServerThread(String name,RequestQueue requestQueue,long seed) { super(name); this.requestQueue=requestQueue; random=new Random(seed); } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { Request request=requestQueue.getRequest(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" handles "+request); try { Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
运行结果:
Alice requests [ Request No.0] Bobby handles [ Request No.0] Alice requests [ Request No.1] Alice requests [ Request No.2] Bobby handles [ Request No.1] Bobby handles [ Request No.2] Alice requests [ Request No.3] Bobby handles [ Request No.3] Alice requests [ Request No.4] Bobby handles [ Request No.4] Alice requests [ Request No.5] Alice requests [ Request No.6] Bobby handles [ Request No.5] Bobby handles [ Request No.6] Alice requests [ Request No.7] Bobby handles [ Request No.7] Alice requests [ Request No.8] Bobby handles [ Request No.8] Alice requests [ Request No.9] Bobby handles [ Request No.9] Alice requests [ Request No.10] Alice requests [ Request No.11] Bobby handles [ Request No.10] Bobby handles [ Request No.11]执行wait等待条件的变化:
执行wait的时候,线程是在等待什么?线程真正所等待的,是实例状态的变化。等待中的线程,正等待着警戒条件的变化。
只有了解“线程在等待什么”,就知道何时应该“调用notify/notifyAll”,也就是说在等待的东西完成的地方调用notify/notifyAll
wait与锁定:
当某个线程试图去执行某个实例的wait方法时,这个线程必须获取改实例的锁定。在synchronized方法中调用wait方法,在执行wait的时候,的确线程正获取this的锁定 。然而当线程执行this的wait方法后,会进入wait的等待区,这时,线程就会解除this的锁定。而线程可能会因为notify、notifyAll、或interrupt退出等待区。不过在实际执行下一个语句之前,必须再次获得this的锁定才行。
wait与notify、notifyAll的责任(复用性):
程序中只有RequestQueue类有用到wait/notifyAll,在ClientThread、ServerThread、Main等其他类中都没有出现wait/notifyAll。Guarded Suspension Pattern的实现是封装在RequestQueue类里的。之所以隐藏wait/notifyAll,是为了RequestQueue类的复用性。使用RequestQueue类的一方,并不需要考虑wait/notifyAll的问题,只要调用getRequest方法与putRequest方法就行了。
guarded wait:
意义是“被阻挡而等待”,线程使用wait等待,等到被notify/notifyAll再次测试条件的实例方法。使用wait等待的时间,其实是停止在停止在等待区里停止执行,所以不会浪费java执行环境的处理时间。
等待端的范例:
while(!ready)
{ wait(); }唤醒端范例:
ready=true; notifyAll;busy wait:
“忙碌等待”的意思,线程不适用wait等待,而是用yield(进可能把优先级让给其他线程),并不断测试条件的方法。因为等待中的线程也持续运行着,所以会浪费java虚拟机的时间。yield是Thread累的类方法。
等待端的范例:
while(!ready){ Thread.yield(); }唤醒端的范例:
ready=true;