OSGI-概述

 

OSGI (Open Service Gateway Initiative)

历史:

1999年发起OSGI,开始只出现在嵌入式系统和网络设备市场,2004年IBM发布采用OSGI搭建eclipse3.0,不再使用原来的插件体系,WebSphere 6.1 也全面改用 OSGI;JBoss、WebLogic、Spring DM,甚至是 BMW 车的控制系统中都得到了很好的应用。

Eclipse3.0推翻了以前的插件体系结构,直接采用OSGI作为其插件体系结构

Eclipse插件体系结构和OSGI都强调微核+系统插件+应用插件

BMW汽车应用控制系统(2006年),用来控制汽车上的音箱、灯光等等设备,共由1000多个Bundle构成,启动时间3.5秒

 

插件比模块更独立,有自描述文件MANIFEST.MF,用于插件容器。

 

好处:热插拔,动态插件化,使用OSGI容器管理web应用模块间的交叉依赖,可以在不用重启前提下,更新DAO层。

 

OSGI是个规范,常见的开源OSGI有:

1,Equinox容器是参照OSGi规范第4版实现的,它构成了Eclipse IDE的核心—模块化的Java运行时

2,Knoflerfish

3,Apache的Felix Karaf

 

OSGI把资源称作Bundle,框架从概念上可以分为三层:

Module Layer 共享Bundle包和代码; 

Bundle是OSGi中的基本组件,表现形式仍然为Jar包,META-INF/MANIFEST.MF作为其元数据

Lifecycle Layer 管理Bundle的运行时生命周期; 

状态:installed,resolved,uninstalled,starting,active,stopping

Service Layer 服务层主要涉及模块之间的交互和通信。 

 

实例____________________________________________________________

 

环境:在本文附件或http://archive.eclipse.org/equinox/drops/R-3.4.2-200902111700/index.php下载eclipse-equinox-SDK-3.4.2.zip

 

例子,hello world未实现,报MESSAGE Problems occurred when invoking code from plug-in: "org.eclipse.equinox.preferences".

 

 

一.创建一个bundle

1.创建一个eclipse plug-in development工程 file->new->project

工程名为com.osgi.sample.HelloWorld

目标平台:osgi framework->standard

2.next默认配置就可以了

3.选择Hello OSGI Bundle,完成即可

这时会在com.osgi.sample.helloworld包在创建一个默认的Activator.java文件

public class Activator implements BundleActivator {

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator#start(org.osgi.framework.BundleContext)

*/

public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception {

   System.out.println("Hello World!!");

}

 

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator#stop(org.osgi.framework.BundleContext)

*/

public void stop(BundleContext context) throws Exception {

   System.out.println("Goodbye World!!");

}

}

在META-INF下创建一个MANIFEST.MF文件

Manifest-Version: 1.0

Bundle-ManifestVersion: 2

Bundle-Name: Helloworld Plug-in

Bundle-SymbolicName: com.javaworld.sample.helloworld

Bundle-Version: 1.0.0

Bundle-Activator: com.javaworld.sample.helloworld.Activator

Bundle-Vendor: JAVAWORLD

Bundle-RequiredExecutionEnvironment: JavaSE-1.6

Import-Package: org.osgi.framework;version="1.3.0"

4.如果你想关注在bundle启动,停止.你就要创建一个类实现BundleActivator接口

BundleActivator类必须提供一个公共的无参构造方法,osgi framework会创建一个对像通过Class.newInstance();

容器会调用你的Activator start()启动bundle,这个bundle可能获取某些资源如数据库连接.这个方法有一个参数

BundleContext,他允许这些bundles与框架进行访问.

stop()方法将停止一个bundle,这时你可以释放资源.

5.MANIFEST.MF中各属性含义网上一大把.

6.执行这个bundle

run->run configuration->osgi framework ->bundles下面的workspace选中hellworld 执行

这时osgi的控制台就会打印Hello World!!

osgi控制台命令

ss:列出所有安装过的bundles和他们的状态

start <bundleid> :启动指定bundle

stop <bundleid>: 停止指定bundle

install <bundleURL>:安装一个bundle到osgi容器

uninstall <bundleid>:卸载指定的bundle

二.依赖管理

osgi允许你插入多个模块然后独立的管理他们.默认情况下任何bundle对其它的都是不可见的.一个bundle想调用另一个

bundle就需要导包

和上面的一样我们创建另一个bundle com.osgi.sample.HelloService.并且创建一个接口com.osgi.sample.service.

HelloService.java

public interface HelloService {

public String sayHello();

}

创建他的一个实现类HelloServiceImpl

public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {

@Override

public String sayHello() {

   System.out.println("inside HelloServiceImpl.sayHello()");

   return "say Hello";

}

}

打开MANIFEST.MF文件.增加Export-Package: com.javaworld.sample.service

这样容器中的com.javaworld.sample.service包中的HelloService bundle就可以被外面访问.

我们的helloworld bundle需要使用这个.此时修改他的MANIFEST.MF文件

Import-Package: com.javaworld.sample.service,...

创建类com.javaworld.sample.service.impl.HelloServiceActivator.java

public class HelloServiceActivator implements BundleActivator {

ServiceRegistration helloServiceRegistration;

public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception {

   HelloService helloService = new HelloServiceImpl();

   helloServiceRegistration = context.registerService(HelloService.class.getName(), helloService , null);

}

 

public void stop(BundleContext arg0) throws Exception {

   helloServiceRegistration.unregister();

}

}

1.我们要注册的接口,如果你要注册一个接口的多个服务,你必须传递一个String数组做为第一个参数.

2.HelloServiceImpl是你真正要注册的对象.

3.修改MANIFEST.MF 在HelloService bundle;Bundle-Activator:com.javaworld.sample.service.impl.HelloServiceActivator

现在HelloService bundle以经导入了HelloServiceImpl ,当osgi容器启动时,HelloService bundle 将控制交给HelloServiceActivator,

接下来是创建服务消费者,我们修改Activator.java,使用HelloService 服务

public class Activator implements BundleActivator {

ServiceReference helloServiceReference;

HelloServiceTracker helloServiceTracker;

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator#start(org.osgi.framework.BundleContext)

*/

public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception {

   System.out.println("Hello World!!");

   helloServiceReference = context.getServiceReference(HelloService.class.getName());

   HelloService helloService = (HelloService) context.getService(helloServiceReference);

   System.out.println(helloService.sayHello());

}

 

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator#stop(org.osgi.framework.BundleContext)

*/

public void stop(BundleContext context) throws Exception {

   System.out.println("Goodbye World!!");

   context.ungetService(helloServiceReference);

}

}

BundleContext.getServiceReference()返回一个ServiceReference对象,如果一个接口有多个服务存在,他将返回最高级别的对象.

三,创建服务工厂

我们创建一个类实现ServiceFactory接口并且注册来代替具体的服务对象

com.javaworld.sample.service.HelloServiceFactory.java

public class HelloServiceFactory implements ServiceFactory {

private int usageCounter = 0;

public Object getService(Bundle bundle, ServiceRegistration registration) {

   System.out.println("create object of HelloService for"+bundle.getSymbolicName());

   usageCounter++;

   System.out.println("number of bundles using service "+usageCounter);

   HelloService helloService = new HelloServiceImpl();

   return helloService;

}

 

public void ungetService(Bundle bundle, ServiceRegistration registration, Object service) {

   System.out.println("release object of HelloService for "+bundle.getSymbolicName());

   usageCounter--;

   System.out.println("number of bundles using service "+usageCounter);

}

}

1.getService():osgi框架第一次调用这个方法通过BundleContext.getService(ServiceReference)方法.

2.ungetService():osgi框架调用此方法在服务取消的时候

修改HelloServiceActivator的start()方法

public class HelloServiceActivator implements BundleActivator {

ServiceRegistration helloServiceRegistration;

public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception {

   HelloServiceFactory helloServiceFactory = new HelloServiceFactory();

   helloServiceRegistration = context.registerService(HelloService.class.getName(), helloServiceFactory , null);

}

public void stop(BundleContext arg0) throws Exception {

   helloServiceRegistration.unregister();

}

}

四 跟踪服务

1.修改MANIFEST.MF helloWorld bundle 导入org.osgi.util.tracker包

2.创建HelloServiceTracker.java

public class HelloServiceTracker extends ServiceTracker {

public HelloServiceTracker(BundleContext context) {

   super(context, HelloService.class.getName() , null);

}

@Override

public Object addingService(ServiceReference reference) {

   System.out.println("inside HelloServiceTracker.addingService "+reference.getBundle());

   return super.addingService(reference);

}

@Override

public void removedService(ServiceReference reference, Object service) {

   System.out.println("inside HelloServiceTracker.removedService "+reference.getBundle());

   super.removedService(reference, service);

}

}

3.修改Activator.java用HelloServiceTracker

public class Activator implements BundleActivator {

ServiceReference helloServiceReference;

HelloServiceTracker helloServiceTracker;

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator#start(org.osgi.framework.BundleContext)

*/

public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception {

   System.out.println("Hello World!!");

   helloServiceTracker = new HelloServiceTracker(context);

   helloServiceTracker.open();

   helloServiceReference = context.getServiceReference(HelloService.class.getName());

   HelloService helloService = (HelloService) context.getService(helloServiceReference);

   System.out.println(helloService.sayHello());

}

 

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator#stop(org.osgi.framework.BundleContext)

*/

public void stop(BundleContext context) throws Exception {

   System.out.println("Goodbye World!!");

   context.ungetService(helloServiceReference);

   helloServiceTracker.close();

}

}

 

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