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backup命令中的 keep forever关键字会屏蔽rman的retention policy

众所周知，Oracle Rman的retention policy 在任意一个时刻：只能有一个生效。也就是说，两个retention policy 之间是or的关系。

如下使用catalog数据库完成，因为backup 命令的keep forever关键字只支持catalog

[oracle@vm21 ~]$ rman target / catalog rc/rc@rc

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 15 21:18:06 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: PROD (DBID=275920358)
connected to recovery catalog database


RMAN> backup database format '/home/oracle/keep_test_%U' keep forever nologs;

Starting backup at 15-DEC-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=272 devtype=DISK
backup will never be obsolete
archived logs required to recover from this backup will not be kept
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 12/15/2014 21:20:13
RMAN-06533: KEEP ... NOLOGS option cannot be used when datafiles are fuzzy

--->该语法是不行的：fuzzy状态是 database open时，datafile的状态（该状态可以从v$datafile_header中获得）


RMAN>backup database format '/home/oracle/keep_test_%U' keep forever logs;

Starting backup at 15-DEC-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
backup will never be obsolete
archived logs required to recover from this backup will expire when this backup expires
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/r_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-DEC-14
piece handle=/home/oracle/keep_test_0spq8ni4_1_1 tag=TAG20141215T212732 comment=NONE     -->备份的开始时间是：20141215T212732
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55
Finished backup at 15-DEC-14

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-DEC-14
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141215-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-DEC-14

RMAN> 


[oracle@vm21 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 15 21:29:56 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence     20
Next log sequence to archive   23
Current log sequence           23 ------------------------>此时的日志序列号是23
SQL> alter system switch logfile; 

System altered.

SQL> /

System altered.


以下略去归档的切换过程。


SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence     30
Next log sequence to archive   33
Current log sequence           33
SQL> ----------------------------------------------------->此时的日志序列号是33

RMAN> backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/arc_back_after_keep_%U' delete all input;

Starting backup at 15-DEC-14
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=21 recid=16 stamp=865127168
input archive log thread=1 sequence=22 recid=17 stamp=866409290
input archive log thread=1 sequence=23 recid=18 stamp=866410210
input archive log thread=1 sequence=24 recid=19 stamp=866410212
input archive log thread=1 sequence=25 recid=20 stamp=866410213
input archive log thread=1 sequence=26 recid=21 stamp=866410218
input archive log thread=1 sequence=27 recid=22 stamp=866410218
input archive log thread=1 sequence=28 recid=23 stamp=866410220
input archive log thread=1 sequence=29 recid=24 stamp=866410221
input archive log thread=1 sequence=30 recid=25 stamp=866410222
input archive log thread=1 sequence=31 recid=26 stamp=866410224
input archive log thread=1 sequence=32 recid=27 stamp=866410224
input archive log thread=1 sequence=33 recid=28 stamp=866410311
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-DEC-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-DEC-14
piece handle=/home/oracle/arc_back_after_keep_0upq8nq9_1_1 tag=TAG20141215T213153 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s) -------------------------------------------------------->这说明归档可以删除
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_21_864082022.dbf recid=16 stamp=865127168
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_22_864082022.dbf recid=17 stamp=866409290
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_23_864082022.dbf recid=18 stamp=866410210
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_24_864082022.dbf recid=19 stamp=866410212
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_25_864082022.dbf recid=20 stamp=866410213
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_26_864082022.dbf recid=21 stamp=866410218
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_27_864082022.dbf recid=22 stamp=866410218
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_28_864082022.dbf recid=23 stamp=866410220
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_29_864082022.dbf recid=24 stamp=866410221
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_30_864082022.dbf recid=25 stamp=866410222
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_31_864082022.dbf recid=26 stamp=866410224
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_32_864082022.dbf recid=27 stamp=866410224
archive log filename=/home/oracle/arch/1_33_864082022.dbf recid=28 stamp=866410311
Finished backup at 15-DEC-14

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-DEC-14
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141215-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-DEC-14

RMAN>


RMAN> list backupset;


List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
59      21.43M     DISK        00:00:02     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 77   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T223047
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/01po49gn_1_1

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 59
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    6       224560     20-NOV-14 233442     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
60      Full    343.30M    DISK        00:01:17     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 78   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T223051
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_20141120
  List of Datafiles in backup set 60
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 233448     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
  2       Full 233448     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
  3       Full 233448     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 233448     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
  5       Full 233448     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
  6       Full 233448     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
  7       Full 233448     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
  8       Full 233448     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
61      5.00K      DISK        00:00:01     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 79   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T223218
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/03po49ji_1_1

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 61
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    7       233442     20-NOV-14 233473     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
62      Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:01     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 80   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T223220
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 233479       Ckp time: 20-NOV-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-NOV-14

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
63      21.61M     DISK        00:00:03     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 81   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T225650
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864169010

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 63
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    6       224560     20-NOV-14 233442     20-NOV-14
  1    7       233442     20-NOV-14 233473     20-NOV-14
  1    8       233473     20-NOV-14 233536     20-NOV-14
  1    9       233536     20-NOV-14 233559     20-NOV-14
  1    10      233559     20-NOV-14 234100     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
64      Full    343.30M    DISK        00:01:42     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 82   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T225654
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_864169015
  List of Datafiles in backup set 64
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 234104     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
  2       Full 234104     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
  3       Full 234104     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 234104     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
  5       Full 234104     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
  6       Full 234104     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
  7       Full 234104     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
  8       Full 234104     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
65      2.50K      DISK        00:00:01     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 83   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T225844
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864169124

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 65
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    11      234100     20-NOV-14 234133     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
66      Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:03     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 84   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T225846
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-01
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 234139       Ckp time: 20-NOV-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-NOV-14

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
67      25.15M     DISK        00:00:03     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 85   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234144
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864171704

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 67
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    6       224560     20-NOV-14 233442     20-NOV-14
  1    7       233442     20-NOV-14 233473     20-NOV-14
  1    8       233473     20-NOV-14 233536     20-NOV-14
  1    9       233536     20-NOV-14 233559     20-NOV-14
  1    10      233559     20-NOV-14 234100     20-NOV-14
  1    11      234100     20-NOV-14 234133     20-NOV-14
  1    12      234133     20-NOV-14 236454     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
68      Full    345.13M    DISK        00:01:38     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 86   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234148
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_864171708
  List of Datafiles in backup set 68
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 236458     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
  2       Full 236458     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
  3       Full 236458     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 236458     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
  5       Full 236458     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
  6       Full 236458     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
  7       Full 236458     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
  8       Full 236458     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
69      2.50K      DISK        00:00:01     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 87   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234336
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864171816

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 69
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    13      236454     20-NOV-14 236487     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
70      Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:02     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 88   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234338
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-02
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 236493       Ckp time: 20-NOV-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-NOV-14

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
71      25.16M     DISK        00:00:03     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 89   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234346
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_20141120

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 71
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    6       224560     20-NOV-14 233442     20-NOV-14
  1    7       233442     20-NOV-14 233473     20-NOV-14
  1    8       233473     20-NOV-14 233536     20-NOV-14
  1    9       233536     20-NOV-14 233559     20-NOV-14
  1    10      233559     20-NOV-14 234100     20-NOV-14
  1    11      234100     20-NOV-14 234133     20-NOV-14
  1    12      234133     20-NOV-14 236454     20-NOV-14
  1    13      236454     20-NOV-14 236487     20-NOV-14
  1    14      236487     20-NOV-14 236502     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
72      25.17M     DISK        00:00:02     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 90   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234708
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/arch_0hpo4dvs_1_1

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 72
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    6       224560     20-NOV-14 233442     20-NOV-14
  1    7       233442     20-NOV-14 233473     20-NOV-14
  1    8       233473     20-NOV-14 233536     20-NOV-14
  1    9       233536     20-NOV-14 233559     20-NOV-14
  1    10      233559     20-NOV-14 234100     20-NOV-14
  1    11      234100     20-NOV-14 234133     20-NOV-14
  1    12      234133     20-NOV-14 236454     20-NOV-14
  1    13      236454     20-NOV-14 236487     20-NOV-14
  1    14      236487     20-NOV-14 236502     20-NOV-14
  1    15      236502     20-NOV-14 236588     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
73      Full    345.13M    DISK        00:01:38     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 91   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234710
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/db_0ipo4dvu_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 73
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 236592     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
  2       Full 236592     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
  3       Full 236592     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 236592     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
  5       Full 236592     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
  6       Full 236592     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
  7       Full 236592     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
  8       Full 236592     20-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
74      3.00K      DISK        00:00:01     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 92   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234857
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/arch_0jpo4e39_1_1

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 74
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    16      236588     20-NOV-14 236621     20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
75      Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:03     20-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 93   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141120T234859
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-03
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 236627       Ckp time: 20-NOV-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
76      Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:02     23-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 94   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141123T023809
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141123-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 263008       Ckp time: 23-NOV-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 23-NOV-14

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
195     4.47M      DISK        00:00:02     26-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 200   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20141126T183805
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/0mpojm4e_1_1

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 195
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    17      236621     20-NOV-14 256815     23-NOV-14
  1    18      256815     23-NOV-14 283757     26-NOV-14
  1    19      283757     26-NOV-14 284462     26-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
196     Full    66.88M     DISK        00:01:07     26-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 201   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20141126T183811
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/0npojm4j_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 196
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
  2       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
  3       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
  5       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
  6       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
  7       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
  8       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf
  9       Full 284476     26-NOV-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/r_1.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
197     Full    1.03M      DISK        00:00:01     26-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 202   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20141126T183811
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/0opojm6u_1_1
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 284499       Ckp time: 26-NOV-14

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
222     7.00K      DISK        00:00:01     26-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 224   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20141126T183929
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/0ppojm71_1_1

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 222
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    20      284462     26-NOV-14 284502     26-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
232     Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:01     26-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 234   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141126T183932
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141126-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 284520       Ckp time: 26-NOV-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 26-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
269     Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:02     26-NOV-14      
        BP Key: 272   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141126T184247
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141126-01
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 284938       Ckp time: 26-NOV-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 26-NOV-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
280     Full    349.29M    DISK        00:01:54     15-DEC-14      
        BP Key: 283   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141215T212732
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/keep_test_0spq8ni4_1_1
Keep: LOGS               Until: FOREVER   -------------------------------------------------------------->注意此行！！！
  List of Datafiles in backup set 280
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
  2       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
  3       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
  5       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
  6       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
  7       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
  8       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf
  9       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/r_1.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
298     Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:01     15-DEC-14      
        BP Key: 308   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141215T212929
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141215-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 356856       Ckp time: 15-DEC-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 15-DEC-14

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
355     11.60M     DISK        00:00:02     15-DEC-14      
        BP Key: 358   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141215T213153
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/arc_back_after_keep_0upq8nq9_1_1

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 355
  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time
  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1    21      284502     26-NOV-14 305116     01-DEC-14
  1    22      305116     01-DEC-14 356141     15-DEC-14
  1    23      356141     15-DEC-14 356890     15-DEC-14
  1    24      356890     15-DEC-14 356892     15-DEC-14
  1    25      356892     15-DEC-14 356894     15-DEC-14
  1    26      356894     15-DEC-14 356897     15-DEC-14
  1    27      356897     15-DEC-14 356899     15-DEC-14
  1    28      356899     15-DEC-14 356901     15-DEC-14
  1    29      356901     15-DEC-14 356903     15-DEC-14
  1    30      356903     15-DEC-14 356905     15-DEC-14
  1    31      356905     15-DEC-14 356907     15-DEC-14
  1    32      356907     15-DEC-14 356909     15-DEC-14
  1    33      356909     15-DEC-14 356957     15-DEC-14

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
377     Full    6.58M      DISK        00:00:00     15-DEC-14      
        BP Key: 391   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141215T213157
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141215-01
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 356975       Ckp time: 15-DEC-14
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 15-DEC-14

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database format '/home/oracle/full_after_keep_%U';------------------>此时我做了一次db的备份


Starting backup at 16-DEC-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/r_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 16-DEC-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 16-DEC-14
piece handle=/home/oracle/full_after_keep_10pq96j9_1_1 tag=TAG20141216T014409 comment=NONE  ---------->备份的开始时间是：20141216T014409
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:56
Finished backup at 16-DEC-14

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 16-DEC-14
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141216-00 comment=NONE 
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 16-DEC-14

 


RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database format '/home/oracle/full_after_keep_%U';

Starting backup at 16-DEC-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/r_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 16-DEC-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 16-DEC-14
piece handle=/home/oracle/full_after_keep_12pq9736_1_1 tag=TAG20141216T015238 comment=NONE  ------------>备份的开始时间是：20141216T015238
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:15
Finished backup at 16-DEC-14

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 16-DEC-14
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141216-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 16-DEC-14

RMAN> exit   


RMAN> report obsolete redundancy 1;  -------------------------------------------------->请注意：该命令是按照 redundancy 1 来report  obsolete的备份。

Report of obsolete backups and copies
Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set           59     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       77     20-NOV-14          /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/01po49gn_1_1
Backup Set           60     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       78     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_20141120
Backup Set           61     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       79     20-NOV-14          /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/03po49ji_1_1
Backup Set           62     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       80     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-00
Backup Set           63     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       81     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864169010
Backup Set           64     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       82     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_864169015
Backup Set           65     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       83     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864169124
Backup Set           66     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       84     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-01
Backup Set           67     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       85     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864171704
Backup Set           68     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       86     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_864171708
Backup Set           69     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       87     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864171816
Backup Set           70     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       88     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-02
Backup Set           71     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       89     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_20141120
Backup Set           72     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       90     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_0hpo4dvs_1_1
Backup Set           73     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       91     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/db_0ipo4dvu_1_1
Backup Set           74     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       92     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_0jpo4e39_1_1
Backup Set           75     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       93     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-03
Backup Set           76     23-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       94     23-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141123-00
Backup Set           195    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       200    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/0mpojm4e_1_1
Backup Set           196    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       201    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/0npojm4j_1_1
Backup Set           197    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       202    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/0opojm6u_1_1
Backup Set           222    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       224    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/0ppojm71_1_1
Backup Set           232    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       234    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141126-00
Backup Set           269    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       272    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141126-01
Backup Set           298    15-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       308    15-DEC-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141215-00
Backup Set           377    15-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       391    15-DEC-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141215-01
Backup Set           411    16-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       414    16-DEC-14          /home/oracle/full_after_keep_10pq96j9_1_1 ---------->多了此行，此行就是“备份的开始时间是：20141216T014409”的这个备份，而该备份是在那个keep备份之后的备份。既然keep备份之后的备份都报 obsolete了，而keep的备份却没有报obsolete，这说明keep forever 屏蔽了rman的retention policy。
Backup Set           434    16-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       444    16-DEC-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141216-00

RMAN> 


------------------下面说明将此keep forever的备份 变为obsolete的方法：--------------------------------------------------------

RMAN> change backupset 280 nokeep;

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=290 devtype=DISK
keep attributes for the backup are deleted
backup set key=280 recid=25 stamp=866410166


RMAN> list backupset 280;  ------>此时list backupset 280 就看不到Keep: LOGS               Until: FOREVER  的痕迹了。

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
280     Full    349.29M    DISK        00:01:54     15-DEC-14      
        BP Key: 283   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20141215T212732
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/keep_test_0spq8ni4_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 280
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/system01.dbf
  2       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/undotbs01.dbf
  3       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/example_1.dbf
  5       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/indx_1.dbf
  6       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/tools_1.dbf
  7       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/users_1.dbf
  8       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/oltp_1.dbf
  9       Full 356820     15-DEC-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/r_1.dbf

 

-----------------------下面再来report obsolete redundancy 1; ------------------------------------------


RMAN> report obsolete redundancy 1; 

Report of obsolete backups and copies
Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set           59     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       77     20-NOV-14          /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/01po49gn_1_1
Backup Set           60     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       78     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_20141120
Backup Set           61     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       79     20-NOV-14          /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/03po49ji_1_1
Backup Set           62     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       80     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-00
Backup Set           63     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       81     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864169010
Backup Set           64     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       82     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_864169015
Backup Set           65     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       83     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864169124
Backup Set           66     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       84     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-01
Backup Set           67     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       85     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864171704
Backup Set           68     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       86     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/db_PROD_864171708
Backup Set           69     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       87     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_864171816
Backup Set           70     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       88     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-02
Backup Set           71     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       89     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_PROD_20141120
Backup Set           72     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       90     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_0hpo4dvs_1_1
Backup Set           73     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       91     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/db_0ipo4dvu_1_1
Backup Set           74     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       92     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/arch_0jpo4e39_1_1
Backup Set           75     20-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       93     20-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141120-03
Backup Set           76     23-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       94     23-NOV-14          /home/oracle/back/c-275920358-20141123-00
Backup Set           195    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       200    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/0mpojm4e_1_1
Backup Set           196    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       201    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/0npojm4j_1_1
Backup Set           197    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       202    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/0opojm6u_1_1
Backup Set           222    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       224    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/0ppojm71_1_1
Backup Set           232    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       234    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141126-00
Backup Set           269    26-NOV-14         
  Backup Piece       272    26-NOV-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141126-01
Backup Set           280    15-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       283    15-DEC-14          /home/oracle/keep_test_0spq8ni4_1_1    -------------------->此时，该备份就出现在 report obsolete redundancy 1; 的结果中了。
Backup Set           298    15-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       308    15-DEC-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141215-00
Backup Set           377    15-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       391    15-DEC-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141215-01
Backup Set           411    16-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       414    16-DEC-14          /home/oracle/full_after_keep_10pq96j9_1_1
Backup Set           434    16-DEC-14         
  Backup Piece       444    16-DEC-14          /home/oracle/backup/control/c-275920358-20141216-00

RMAN>

结论：

backup命令中的 keep forever关键字会屏蔽rman的retention policy。

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