- 重叠构造器(telescoping constructor)模式 —— 代码复杂,阅读困难
示例代码:
// Telescoping constructor pattern - does not scale well! public class NutritionFacts { private final int servingSize; // (ml) required private final int servings; // (per container) required private final int calories; // optional private final int fat; // (g) optional private final int sodium; // (mg) optional private final int carbohydrate; // (g) optional public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings) { this(servingSize, servings, 0); } public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories) { this(servingSize, servings, calories, 0); } public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat) { this(servingSize, servings, calories, fat, 0); } public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat, int sodium) { this(servingSize, servings, calories, fat, sodium, 0); } public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat, int sodium, int carbohydrate) { this.servingSize = servingSize; this.servings = servings; this.calories = calories; this.fat = fat; this.sodium = sodium; this.carbohydrate = carbohydrate; } }
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts(240, 8, 100, 0, 35, 27); } }
- JavaBean模式 —— 线程不安全,类可变
示例代码:
// JavaBean Pattern - allows inconsistency, mandates mutability public class NutritionFacts { // Parameters initialized to default values (if any) private int servingSize = -1; // Required; no default value private int servings = -1; private int calories = 0; private int fat = 0; private int sodium = 0; private int carbohydrate = 0; public NutritionFacts() { } // Setters public void setServingSize(int servingSize) { this.servingSize = servingSize; } public void setServings(int servings) { this.servings = servings; } public void setCalories(int calories) { this.calories = calories; } public void setFat(int fat) { this.fat = fat; } public void setSodium(int sodium) { this.sodium = sodium; } public void setCarbohydrate(int carbohydrate) { this.carbohydrate = carbohydrate; } }
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts(); cocaCola.setServingSize(240); cocaCola.setServings(8); cocaCola.setCalories(100); cocaCola.setSodium(35); cocaCola.setCarbohydrate(27); } }
- 构建器模式 —— 适应多参数,安全,方便编写,可维护性高,开销大
示例代码:
public class NutritionFacts { private final int servingSize; private final int servings; private final int calories; private final int fat; private final int sodium; private final int carbohydrate; public static class Builder { // Required parameters private final int servingSize; private final int servings; // Optional parameters - initialized to default values private int calories = 0; private int fat = 0; private int carbohydrate = 0; private int sodium = 0; public Builder(int servingSize,int servings) { this.servingSize = servingSize; this.servings = servings; } public Builder calories(int val) { calories = val; return this; } public Builder fat(int val) { fat = val; return this; } public Builder carbohydrate(int val) { carbohydrate = val; return this; } public Builder sodium(int val) { sodium = val; return this; } public NutritionFacts build() { return new NutritionFacts(this); } } private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) { servingSize = builder.servingSize; servings = builder.servings; calories = builder.calories; fat = builder.fat; sodium = builder.sodium; carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate; //对象域抛出异常 if(this.fat>this.sodium){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("The fat must be little than sodium!!"); } } }
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts.Builder(240, 8) .calories(100).sodium(35).carbohydrate(27).build(); } }