史上最快Django 1.6.0 入门
一.基本的开发环境
1.1 要求
Python 2.7.x
easy_install and pip
Git 1.7/1.8
virtualenv
Django 1.6.0
Database (SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL)
South
编辑器 Sublime, vim, Komodo, gedit)
1.2.MySQL启动
安装见官网http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/installing.html
$ mysql.server start $ mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> mysql> CREATE DATABASE django_db; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> mysql> quit Bye
1.3.安装virtualenv
virtualenv相当于沙盒
pip install virtualenv mkdir new_project cd new_project virtualenv --no-site-packages env . env/bin/activate
1.4.安装Django
pip install django==1.6.0查看django的版本
python >>> import django >>> django.get_version() '1.5.4'
二.建立工程
django-admin.py startproject mysite结构如图
├── manage.py
└── mysite
├── __init__.py
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py
使用git
git init git add . git commit -m "initial commit"
数据库设置
apt-get install python-setuptools apt-get install libmysqld-dev apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev apt-get install python-dev pip install MySQL-python
settings.py
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'django_db',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'your_password',
}
}
创建数据表和管理员
$ cd mysite $ python manage.py syncdb Creating table auth_message Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user Creating table auth_permission Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table django_site You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes Username: admin E-mail address: [email protected] Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully. Installing index for auth.Message model Installing index for auth.Permission model Loading 'initial_data' fixtures... No fixtures found.
South
用来动态地改变models.py
pip install south
Pip freeze
对已安装的libraries 作一个记录
pip freeze > requirements.txt
创建App
python manage.py startapp myapp
项目结构如图
├── manage.py
├── myapp
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── tests.py
│ └── views.py
└── mysite
├── __init__.py
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py
修改settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django.contrib.admin',
'myapp',
'south',
)
urls.py
添加管理界面
from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
同步数据库
python manage.py syncdb
使用South
python manage.py schemamigration myapp --initial
合并数据库改变
python manage.py migrate myapp
Git使用
如果使用csdn code
vi ~/.gitconfig
[user]
name = wcc526
email = [email protected]
[core]
editor=vi
[alias]
ci=commit -a -v
throw=reset --hard HEAD
throwh=reset --hard HEAD^
vi ~/.bashrc alias g='git' # Autocomplete for 'g' as well complete -o default -o nospace -F _git g
cd ~/.ssh ssh-keygen -t rsa -C “[email protected]” git config --global user.name "defnngj"//给自己起个用户名 git config --global user.email "[email protected]"//填写自己的邮箱 git remote add origin [email protected]:luozhaoyu/test.git git add . git commit -m "updated settings, created app, added south, enabled django admin" git clone /path/to/your/project/ 如/Users/michaelherman/desktop/new_project git branch <branchname> #转变分支 git checkout <branchname> #查看分支 git branch #如果完成开发,准备提交 git add . git commit -a #如果你需要合并改变到主分支 git checkout master git merge <branchname> #推送到github git push #回到主文件夹,PULL所有的改变 git pull 例子 (env)$ cd dev (env)$ cd new_project (env)$ git branch 06212013 (env)$ git checkout 06212013 (env)$ git add . (env)$ git commit -m "description of changes made" (env)$ git checkout master (env)$ git merge 06212013 (env)$ git pull /Users/michaelherman/desktop/new_project/dev/new_project 作为代码管理工作，我们随时可以 "反悔"。 使用 "git reset HEAD <filename>" 命令可以取消暂存区的文件快照(即恢复成最后⼀一个提交版 本)，这不会影响工作目录的文件修改。 使用 "git checkout -- <filename>" 从仓库恢复工作目录文件，暂存区不受影响。 $ git chekcout -- readme 在 Git 中 "HEAD" 表⽰示仓库中最后⼀一个提交版本，"HEAD^" 是倒数第二个版本，"HEAD~2" 则是更 老的版本。 我们可以直接 "签出" 代码仓库中的某个文件版本到工作目录，该操作同时会取消暂存区快照。 $ git checkout HEAD^ readme 如果想将整个项目回溯到以前的某个版本，可以使用 "git reset"。可以选择的参数包括默认的 "-- mixed" 和 "--hard"，前者不会取消工作目录的修改，而后者则放弃全部的修改。该操作会丢失其 后的⽇日志。 $ git reset --hard HEAD^ 有时，你需要开始一个新分支，但是又不想把很长很长的历史记录带进来，例如，你想在公众区域（开源）放置你的代码，但是又不想别人知道它的历史记录。 git checkout --orphan NEW_BRANCH_NAME_HERE 分支重命名 git branch -m <newname> git branch -m <oldname> <newname>
工作流
1.Activate virtualenv 2.Create and checkout a new git branch 3.Develop 4.Commit changes 5.Merge the new branch with your master branch 6.PULL the changes into the production folder 7.Deploy
创建基本App
使用markdown 展示文本
pip install django-markdown-deux pip freeze > requirements.txtsettings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.sites', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'django.contrib.admin', 'myapp', 'south', 'markdown_deux', ) TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( '/Users/michaelherman/desktop/new_project/mysite/templates' )项目结构如图
├── manage.py ├── myapp │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── __init__.pyc │ ├── migrations │ │ ├── 0001_initial.py │ │ └── __init__.py │ ├── models.py │ ├── tests.py │ └── views.py ├── mysite │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── settings.py │ ├── urls.py │ ├── wsgi.py └── templates
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.template import RequestContext
def index(request):
return render_to_response('index.html')
urls.py
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^$', 'myapp.views.index')
)index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Change me</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<!-- Le styles -->
<link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
{% load markdown_deux_tags %}
{% markdown %}
{% markdown_cheatsheet %}
{% endmarkdown %}
</div> <!-- /container -->
</body>
</html>