xhtml & css 简易学习笔记(二)

1、List:
unorder List:
<ul>
     <li>apple</li>
     <li>banana</li>
     <li>orange</li>
     <li>pineapple</li>
</ul>

order List:
<ol>
     <li>apple</li>
     <li>banana</li>
     <li>orange</li>
     <li>pineapple</li>
</ol>


2、If xhtml is a core foundation, css is like a designer. It makes everything pretty and nice.


3、初用css:
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">     <!--新增内容-->
          p{color:blue; font-family:arial;}     <!-- p代表修改段落的属性 -->
     </style>
</head>
<body>
this is normal text
<p>This is paragraph text</p>
</body>
</html>


4、用RGB(Red Green Blue) value修改颜色:
<style type="text/css">     <!--新增内容-->
     p {color:#33000;}                    <!-- p代表修改段落的属性>
</style>


5、修改行与行之间的距离:修改line-height
<style type="text/css">     <!--新增内容-->
     p {line-height:150%;}                   <!-- 变为原来的150% -->
</style>


6、设置粗体、斜体:font-weight:bold;     font-style:italic;
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          ul {font-weight:bold;}
          ol {font-style:italic;}
     </style>
</head>
<body>
     <ul>
          <li>unordered list</li>
     </ul>
     <ol>
          <li>ordered list</li>
     </ol>
</body>
</html>


7、文本对齐和改变背景颜色:
<style type="text/css">
     body{
          background-color:blue;
          color:white;                    <!-- body中的任何文本都为白色 -->
     }
     h3 {text-align:center;}          <!-- 居中 -->
     p {text-indent:25px;}          <!-- 缩进25个pixel-->
</style>


8、把图片设置为背景:(需把图片文件和html文件放在同一个文件夹下)
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          body{
               background-image:url(xxxx.png);          <!--xxxx.png为选定的背景图案-->
               background-repeat:no-repeat;          <!--只显示一次,而不是重复显示,这个参数也可以是repeat-x,在x轴上重复。y轴同理-->
               background-position:xxx xxx               <!--xxx可是是以pixel为单位的数值,也可以是百分比-->
          }
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>


9、修改文字的背景颜色和padding(文字和文字边框的距离)
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          p {
               background-color:yellow;
               padding:20px;     
               }          
     </style>
</head>

效果如下:


注:在设定padding的时候,也可以通过四个参数:padding-top\bottom\right\left来设定。


10、修改border:border有3个属性,color, width, style
接上面的例子:
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          p {
                  background-color:yellow;
                  padding:20px;
                  border-color:red;
                  border-width:3px;
                  border-style:dashed;
               }
              
     </style>
</head>

效果如下:


注:设置border的时候有三行代码,当然有一行代码的替代方法:
border:3px dashed red;


11、Margin: area outside the border and outside the padding
by default:
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          p {
                  background-color:yellow;
                  padding:20px;
                  border-color:red;
                  border-width:3px;
                  border-style:dashed;
               }
              
     </style>
</head>

效果如下:


设定margin为1:
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          p {
                  background-color:yellow;
                   margin:1px;
               }
              
     </style>
</head>

效果如下:


设定margin为40:
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          p {
                  background-color:yellow;
                   margin:40px;
               }
              
     </style>
</head>

效果如下:
xhtml & css 简易学习笔记(二)_第1张图片

注:在设定margin的时候,也可以通过四个参数:margin-top\bottom\right\left来设定。


12、显式设置Width和Height,而不是随浏览器的变化而变化:
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          p{
               background-color:red;
               color:white;
               width:550px;
               height:50px;
          }
     </style>
</head>

<body>
<p>Today is Sunday Today is Sunday Today is Sunday</p>
</body>
</html>


然后无论怎么缩放游览器,段落的格式(长宽)都不会发生变化。


13、styling Links: One link can have 4 different styles
分别是:
a:link
a:visited
a:hovor
a:active


14、styling tables:
例:
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          table{ border: 3px solid blue;}
          tr { background-color: yellow;}
          td { border: 2px dashed red;}
     </style>
</head>

<body>
<table>
     <tr>
          <td>This is an apple.</td>
          <td>This is an apple.</td>
          <td>This is an apple.</td>
     </tr>
          <tr>
          <td>This is an apple.</td>
          <td>This is an apple.</td>
          <td>This is an apple.</td>
     </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>


效果如下:



15、styling unordered list: 修改条目前面的符号(默认为实心圈圈)
例:
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          ul { list-style-type:square;}
     </style>
</head>

<body>
<ul>
     <li>apple</li>
     <li>pie</li>
     <li>dumplings</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

修改成了正方形,效果如下:


若想用自己的图标,则只需把
ul { list-style-type:square;}
修改成:
ul { list-style-image:url(xxxx.png);}
其中xxxx.png和html文件在同一个文件夹下。


16、style more than one elements:可以单独修改,但也可以一起修改,例:
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          h1, p {color:red;}
     </style>
</head>

<body>
This is normal text
<h1>This is header one</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>

效果如下:

xhtml & css 简易学习笔记(二)_第2张图片

17、应用css到一段文字中的一部分而不是全部:span
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          span{
               font-weight:bold;
               color:red;
          }
     </style>
</head>

<body>
<p>This is a paragraph, and <span>tomorrow</span> is Monday.</p>
</body>
</html>


效果如下:



18、div :gives you the ability to define sections on your webpage, to place the element exactly where you want them.
div 全称 division 意为“区分”,称为区隔标记。作用:设定字、画、表格等的摆放位置。
例:
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          div{
               border:2px solid green;
               position:absolute;
               width:200px;
               top:40px;     <!-- away from top 40 pxs -->
               left:35px;     <!-- away from left 35 pxs -->
          }
     </style>
</head>

<body>
<div>My name is zyearn</div>
</body>
</html>

效果如下:



19、class:similar to span, to affect the same element in different ways.
例:
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          .redtext {color:red;}
          .greentext {color:green;}
     </style>
</head>

<body>
<p class="redtext">i want this text to be red</p>
<p class="greentext">i want this text to be green</p>
</body>
</html>


效果:



20、id:区分不同的div
例:
<html>
<head>
     <style type="text/css">
          #T {
               border:2px solid red;
               position: absolute;
               top:15px;
               left:25px;
          }
          #M {
               border:2px dashed green;
               position: absolute;
               top:65px;
               left:15px;
          }
     </style>
</head>

<body>
<div id="T">Tomorrow is Sunday.</div>
<div id="M">My name is zyearn.</div>
</body>
</html>


效果如下:

xhtml & css 简易学习笔记(二)_第3张图片








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