从程序规模上来看,libopencoreplayer.so是主要的实现部分,而其他的库基本上都是在其上建立的封装和为建立进程间通讯的机制。
第二部分 MediaPlayer的接口与架构
2.1 整体框架图
MediaPlayer的各个库之间的结构比较复杂,可以用下图的表示
在各个库中,libmedia.so位于核心的位置,它对上层的提供的接口主要是MediaPlayer类,类libmedia_jni.so通过调用MediaPlayer类提供对JAVA的接口,并且实现了android.media.MediaPlayer类。
libmediaplayerservice.so是Media的服务器,它通过继承libmedia.so的类实现服务器的功能,而libmedia.so中的另外一部分内容则通过进程间通讯和libmediaplayerservice.so进行通讯。libmediaplayerservice.so的真正功能通过调用OpenCore Player来完成。
MediaPlayer部分的头文件在frameworks/base/include/media/目录中,这个目录是和libmedia.so库源文件的目录frameworks/base/media/libmedia/相对应的。主要的头文件有以下几个:
IMediaPlayerClient.h
mediaplayer.h
IMediaPlayer.h
IMediaPlayerService.h
MediaPlayerInterface.h
在这些头文件mediaplayer.h提供了对上层的接口,而其他的几个头文件都是提供一些接口类(即包含了纯虚函数的类),这些接口类必须被实现类继承才能够使用。
整个MediaPlayer库和调用的关系如下图所示:
整个MediaPlayer在运行的时候,可以大致上分成Client和Server两个部分,它们分别在两个进程中运行,它们之间使用Binder机制实现IPC通讯。从框架结构上来看,IMediaPlayerService.h、IMediaPlayerClient.h和MediaPlayer.h三个类定义了MeidaPlayer的接口和架构,MediaPlayerService.cpp和mediaplayer.coo两个文件用于MeidaPlayer架构的实现,MeidaPlayer的具体功能在PVPlayer(库libopencoreplayer.so)中的实现。
2.2 头文件IMediaPlayerClient.h
IMediaPlayerClient.h用于描述一个MediaPlayer客户端的接口,描述如下所示:
class IMediaPlayerClient: public IInterface { public: DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(MediaPlayerClient); virtual void notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2) = 0; }; class BnMediaPlayerClient: public BnInterface<IMediaPlayerClient> { public: virtual status_t onTransact( uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0); };在定义中,IMediaPlayerClient类继承IInterface,并定义了一个MediaPlayer客户端的接口,BnMediaPlayerClient继承了BnInterface<IMediaPlayerClient>,这是为基于Android的基础类Binder机制实现在进程通讯而构建的。事实上,根据BnInterface类模版的定义BnInterface<IMediaPlayerClient>类相当于双继承了BnInterface和ImediaPlayerClient。这是Android一种常用的定义方式。
class MediaPlayer : public BnMediaPlayerClient { public: MediaPlayer(); ~MediaPlayer(); void onFirstRef(); void disconnect(); status_t setDataSource(const char *url); status_t setDataSource(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length); status_t setVideoSurface(const sp<Surface>& surface); status_t setListener(const sp<MediaPlayerListener>& listener); status_t prepare(); status_t prepareAsync(); status_t start(); status_t stop(); status_t pause(); bool isPlaying(); status_t getVideoWidth(int *w); status_t getVideoHeight(int *h); status_t seekTo(int msec); status_t getCurrentPosition(int *msec); status_t getDuration(int *msec); status_t reset(); status_t setAudioStreamType(int type); status_t setLooping(int loop); status_t setVolume(float leftVolume, float rightVolume); void notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2); static sp<IMemory> decode(const char* url, uint32_t *pSampleRate, int* pNumChannels); static sp<IMemory> decode(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length, uint32_t *pSampleRate, int* pNumChannels); //…… }从接口中可以看出MediaPlayer类刚好实现了一个MediaPlayer的基本操作,例如播放(start)、停止(stop)、暂停(pause)等。
class DeathNotifier: public IBinder:: DeathRecipient { public: DeathNotifier() {} virtual ~DeathNotifier(); virtual void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who); };事实上,MediaPlayer类正是间接地继承了IBinder,而MediaPlayer:: DeathNotifier类继承了IBinder:: DeathRecipient,这都是为了实现进程间通讯而构建的。
class IMediaPlayer: public IInterface { public: DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(MediaPlayer); virtual void disconnect() = 0; virtual status_t setVideoSurface(const sp<ISurface>& surface) = 0; virtual status_t prepareAsync() = 0; virtual status_t start() = 0; virtual status_t stop() = 0; virtual status_t pause() = 0; virtual status_t isPlaying(bool* state) = 0; virtual status_t getVideoSize(int* w, int* h) = 0; virtual status_t seekTo(int msec) = 0; virtual status_t getCurrentPosition(int* msec) = 0; virtual status_t getDuration(int* msec) = 0; virtual status_t reset() = 0; virtual status_t setAudioStreamType(int type) = 0; virtual status_t setLooping(int loop) = 0; virtual status_t setVolume(float leftVolume, float rightVolume) = 0; }; class BnMediaPlayer: public BnInterface<IMediaPlayer> { public: virtual status_t onTransact( uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0); };在IMediaPlayer类中,主要定义MediaPlayer的功能接口,这个类必须被继承才能够使用。值得注意的是,这些接口和MediaPlayer类的接口有些类似,但是它们并没有直接的关系。事实上,在MediaPlayer类的各种实现中,一般都会通过调用IMediaPlayer类的实现类来完成。
class IMediaPlayerService: public IInterface { public: DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(MediaPlayerService); virtual sp<IMediaPlayer> create(pid_t pid, const sp<IMediaPlayerClient>& client, const char* url) = 0; virtual sp<IMediaPlayer> create(pid_t pid, const sp<IMediaPlayerClient>& client, int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length) = 0; virtual sp<IMemory> decode(const char* url, uint32_t *pSampleRate, int* pNumChannels) = 0; virtual sp<IMemory> decode(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length, uint32_t *pSampleRate, int* pNumChannels) = 0; }; class BnMediaPlayerService: public BnInterface<IMediaPlayerService> { public: virtual status_t onTransact( uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0); };由于具有纯虚函数,IMediaPlayerService 以及BnMediaPlayerService必须被继承实现才能够使用,在IMediaPlayerService定义的create和decode等接口,事实上是必须被继承者实现的内容。注意,create的返回值的类型是sp<IMediaPlayer>,这个IMediaPlayer正是提供实现功能的接口。
第三部分 MediaPlayer的主要实现分析
3.1 JAVA程序部分
在packages/apps/Music/src/com/android/music/目录的MediaPlaybackService.java文件中,包含了对MediaPlayer的调用。private class MultiPlayer { private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(); }MultiPlayer类中使用了MediaPlayer类,其中有一些对这个MediaPlayer的调用,调用的过程如下所示:
mMediaPlayer.reset(); mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(path); mMediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);reset、setDataSource和setAudioStreamType等接口就是通过JAVA本地调用(JNI)来实现的。
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = { {"setDataSource", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSource}, {"setDataSource", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;JJ)V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSourceFD}, {"prepare", "()V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_prepare}, {"prepareAsync", "()V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_prepareAsync}, {"_start", "()V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_start}, {"_stop", "()V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_stop}, {"getVideoWidth", "()I", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_getVideoWidth}, {"getVideoHeight", "()I", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_getVideoHeight}, {"seekTo", "(I)V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_seekTo}, {"_pause", "()V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_pause}, {"isPlaying", "()Z", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_isPlaying}, {"getCurrentPosition", "()I", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_getCurrentPosition}, {"getDuration", "()I", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_getDuration}, {"_release", "()V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_release}, {"_reset", "()V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_reset}, {"setAudioStreamType", "(I)V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setAudioStreamType}, {"setLooping", "(Z)V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setLooping}, {"setVolume", "(FF)V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setVolume}, {"getFrameAt", "(I)Landroid/graphics/Bitmap;", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_getFrameAt}, {"native_setup", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_native_setup}, {"native_finalize", "()V", (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_native_finalize}, }JNINativeMethod的第一个成员是一个字符串,表示了JAVA本地调用方法的名称,这个名称是在JAVA程序中调用的名称;第二个成员也是一个字符串,表示JAVA本地调用方法的参数和返回值;第三个成员是JAVA本地调用方法对应的C语言函数。
static void android_media_MediaPlayer_reset(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz) { sp<MediaPlayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz); if (mp == NULL ) { jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", NULL); return; } process_media_player_call( env, thiz, mp->reset(), NULL, NULL ); }在android_media_MediaPlayer_reset的调用中,得到一个MediaPlayer指针,通过对它的调用实现实际的功能。
static int register_android_media_MediaPlayer(JNIEnv *env) { jclass clazz; clazz = env->FindClass("android/media/MediaPlayer"); // ...... return AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(env, "android/media/MediaPlayer", gMethods, NELEM(gMethods)); }"android/media/MediaPlayer"对应JAVA的类android.media.MediaPlayer。
const sp<IMediaPlayerService>& MediaPlayer::getMediaPlayerService() { Mutex::Autolock _l(mServiceLock); if (mMediaPlayerService.get() == 0) { sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager(); sp<IBinder> binder; do { binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player")); if (binder != 0) break; LOGW("MediaPlayerService not published, waiting..."); usleep(500000); // 0.5 s } while(true); if (mDeathNotifier == NULL) { mDeathNotifier = new DeathNotifier(); } binder->linkToDeath(mDeathNotifier); mMediaPlayerService = interface_cast<IMediaPlayerService>(binder); } LOGE_IF(mMediaPlayerService==0, "no MediaPlayerService!?"); return mMediaPlayerService; }其中最重要的一点是binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player"));这个调用用来得到一个名称为"media.player"的服务,这个调用返回值的类型为IBinder,根据实现将其转换成类型IMediaPlayerService使用。
status_t MediaPlayer::setDataSource(const char *url) { LOGV("setDataSource(%s)", url); status_t err = UNKNOWN_ERROR; if (url != NULL) { const sp<IMediaPlayerService>& service(getMediaPlayerService()); if (service != 0) { sp<IMediaPlayer> player(service->create(getpid(), this, url)); err = setDataSource(player); } } return err; }在函数setDataSource函数中,调用getMediaPlayerService得到了一个IMediaPlayerService,又从IMediaPlayerService中得到了IMediaPlayer类型的指针,通过这个指针进行着具体的操作。
class BpMediaPlayerClient: public BpInterface<IMediaPlayerClient> { public: BpMediaPlayerClient(const sp<IBinder>& impl) : BpInterface<IMediaPlayerClient>(impl){} virtual void notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2) { Parcel data, reply; data.writeInterfaceToken(IMediaPlayerClient::getInterfaceDescriptor()); data.writeInt32(msg); data.writeInt32(ext1); data.writeInt32(ext2); remote()->transact(NOTIFY, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY); } };还需要实现定义宏IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE,这个宏将被展开,生成几个函数:
class MediaPlayerService : public BnMediaPlayerService { class Client : public BnMediaPlayer }在MediaPlayerService中具有如下一个静态函数instantiate:
void MediaPlayerService::instantiate() { defaultServiceManager()->addService( String16("media.player"), new MediaPlayerService()); }在instantiate函数中,调用IServiceManager的一个函数addService,向其中增加了一个名为"media.player"的服务。
static sp<MediaPlayerBase> createPlayer(player_type playerType, void* cookie, notify_callback_f notifyFunc) { sp<MediaPlayerBase> p; switch (playerType) { case PV_PLAYER: LOGV(" create PVPlayer"); p = new PVPlayer(); break; case SONIVOX_PLAYER: LOGV(" create MidiFile"); p = new MidiFile(); break; case VORBIS_PLAYER: LOGV(" create VorbisPlayer"); p = new VorbisPlayer(); break; } //…… return p; }在这里根据playerType的类型建立不同的播放器:对于大多数情况,类型将是PV_PLAYER,这时会调用了new PVPlayer()建立一个PVPlayer,然后将其指针转换成MediaPlayerBase来使用;对于Mini文件的情况,类型为SONIVOX_PLAYER,将会建立一个MidiFile;对于Ogg Vorbis格式的情况,将会建立一个VorbisPlayer。