ora-01031:insufficient privileges/ v$pwfile_users

今天在做dg的时候在主库上使用sys连接主库总是报ora-01031:insufficient privileges的错误：

1、查看参数 remote_login_passwordfile is set to SHARED or EXCLUSIVE
SQL> show parameter remote_login_passwordfile


NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile            string                            EXCLUSIVE---没有问题


2、查看使用密码文件的用户中是否有sys用户

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;


no rows selected


SQL> grant sysdba to sys;
grant sysdba to sys
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01994: GRANT failed: password file missing or disabled
没有密码文件？？？？马上查看是否存在密码文件

[oracle@master-new dbs]$ pwd
/disk2/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs

发现密码文件竟然是：orapwdmaildata---哎密码文件错误啊，应该是orapw开头，结果多了d，重建密码文件

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID entries=10 password=password

那这里面的这个视图 v$pwfile_users到底有什么作用那？？？？

http://www.xifenfei.com/2025.html--转载

一、V$PWFILE_USERS定义

V$PWFILE_USERS lists all users in the password file , and indicates whether the user has been granted the SYSDBA, SYSOPER, and SYSASM privileges.
Column      Datatype    Description
USERNAM    VARCHAR2(30) Name of the user that is contained in the password file
SYSDBA     VARCHAR2(5)  Indicates whether the user can connect with SYSDBA privileges (TRUE) or not (FALSE)
SYSOPER VARCHAR2(5) Indicates whether the user can connect with SYSOPER privileges (TRUE) or not (FALSE)
SYSASM     VARCHAR2(5)  Indicates whether the user can connect with SYSASM privileges (TRUE) or not (FALSE)

二、v$pwfile_users与密码文件关系

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Dec 4 19:08:06 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to :
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

--查看密码文件用户权限
SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                           TRUE  TRUE FALSE

SQL> show parameter instance_name;

NAME                                TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------
instance_name                        string      ora11g

--查看系统级别查看密码文件内容
SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
A1174901D667F113
18698BFD1A045BCC

--创建新sysdba用户，查看视图和密码文件变化
SQL> create user xff01 identified by xifenfei;

User created.

SQL> grant sysdba to xff01;

Grant succeeded.

SQL>  select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                           TRUE  TRUE FALSE
XFF01                         TRUE  FALSE FALSE

SQL>  !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
A1174901D667F113
18698BFD1A045BCC
XFF01
D32693095588EF4F

--删除密码文件
SQL> ! mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g_bak

SQL> !ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
ls: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g: 没有那个文件或目录

--查看视图
SQL>  select * from v$pwfile_users;

no rows selected

SQL>  ! mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g_bak $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

SQL> !ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                           TRUE  TRUE FALSE
XFF01                         TRUE  FALSE FALSE

--改变sysdba用户权限，视图内容变化
SQL> grant sysoper to xff01;

Grant succeeded.

SQL>  select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                           TRUE  TRUE FALSE
XFF01                         TRUE  TRUE FALSE

--密码文件内容无变化
SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
A1174901D667F113
18698BFD1A045BCC
XFF01
D32693095588EF4F

SQL> revoke sysdba from xff01;

Revoke succeeded.

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                           TRUE  TRUE FALSE
XFF01                         FALSE TRUE FALSE

SQL> revoke sysoper  from xff01;

Revoke succeeded.

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                           TRUE  TRUE FALSE
XFF01                         FALSE FALSE FALSE

SQL> revoke sysoper  from xff01;

Revoke succeeded.

--回收sysdba，sysoper权限后，视图记录消失
SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                           TRUE  TRUE FALSE

--密码文件内容无变化
SQL>  !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
A1174901D667F113
18698BFD1A045BCC
XFF01
D32693095588EF4F

--删除其中sysdba用户
SQL> drop user xff01;

User dropped.

--密码文件内容还是无变化
SQL>  !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
A1174901D667F113
18698BFD1A045BCC
XFF01
D32693095588EF4F

--重启数据库密码文件依然无变化
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
A1174901D667F113
18698BFD1A045BCC
XFF01
D32693095588EF4F

1、如果密码文件不存在或者名称错误，查询v$pwfile_users将得到空记录
2、添加sysdba等权限用户，会记录到密码文件和v$pwfile_users中
3、到回收sysdba等权限用户，密码文件记录依然存在，但是v$pwfile_users中无对应记录

三、远程登录测试

--密码文件记录存在，视图不记录不存在，登录失败
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus xff01 /xifenfei @ora11g as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Dec 4 19:42:26 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Enter user-name

--密码文件视图记录均存在，登录成功
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus sys /xifenfei @ora11g as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Dec 4 19:42:10 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

是否能远程登录，依照v$pwfile_users为准

四、创建密码文件

win：
orapwd file =%ORACLE_HOME%\database\PWD%ORACLE_SID%.ora entries=3 password=manager force=y
linux:
orapwd file =$ORACLE_HOME /dbs/orapw $ORACLE_SID entries=3 password=manager force=y

1、验证密码文件已经修改

SQL> create user xff01 identified by xifenfei;

User created.

SQL> grant sysdba to xff01;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> !md5sum $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
04cedb56b62d94fd7e14124619722348  /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g

SQL> !strings /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
A1174901D667F113
18698BFD1A045BCC
XFF01
D32693095588EF4F

SQL> revoke sysdba from xff01;

Revoke succeeded.

SQL> !strings /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
A1174901D667F113
18698BFD1A045BCC
XFF01
D32693095588EF4F

SQL> !md5sum $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g
1f6d120acb913a1877cfb0ab57702744  /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g

2、查看基表

SQL> col owner for a20
SQL> col object_name for a30
SQL> SELECT owner,object_name,object_type FROM DBA_objects WHERE object_NAME = 'V$PWFILE_USERS' ;

OWNER                OBJECT_NAME                    OBJECT_TYPE
-------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------
PUBLIC              V$PWFILE_USERS                 SYNONYM

SQL> SELECT table_owner,TABLE_name FROM Dba_Synonyms a WHERE a.synonym_name= 'V$PWFILE_USERS' ;

TABLE_OWNER                    TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYS                            V_$PWFILE_USERS

SQL> SELECT owner,object_name,object_type FROM dba_objects WHERE object_name= 'V_$PWFILE_USERS' ;

OWNER                OBJECT_NAME                    OBJECT_TYPE
-------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------
SYS                  V_$PWFILE_USERS               VIEW

SQL> set long 1000
SQL> set line 200
SQL> SELECT dbms_metadata.get_ddl( 'VIEW' , 'V_$PWFILE_USERS' , 'SYS' ) FROM DUAL;

DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL( 'VIEW' , 'V_$PWFILE_USERS' , 'SYS' )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW "SYS" . "V_$PWFILE_USERS" ( "USERNAME" , "SYSDBA" , "SYSOPER" , "SYSASM" ) AS
 select "USERNAME" , "SYSDBA" , "SYSOPER" , "SYSASM" from v$pwfile_users

SQL> select * from v$fixed_table where name = 'V$PWFILE_USERS' ;

NAME                           OBJECT_ID TYPE   TABLE_NUM
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ----------
V$PWFILE_USERS                 4294951116 VIEW       65537

SQL> select VIEW_DEFINITION from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name= 'V$PWFILE_USERS' ;

VIEW_DEFINITION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
select  USERNAME , SYSDBA , SYSOPER, SYSASM from GV$PWFILE_USERS where inst_id = USERENV( 'Instance' )

SQL> select VIEW_DEFINITION from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name= 'GV$PWFILE_USERS' ;

VIEW_DEFINITION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
select inst_id,username,decode(sysdba,1, 'TRUE' , 'FALSE' ),  decode(sysoper,1, 'TRUE' , 'FALSE' ),
decode(sysasm,1, 'TRUE' , 'FALSE' ) from x$kzsrt where valid=1  and username != 'INTERNAL'

SQL> set line 100
SQL> desc x$kzsrt
Name                                                 Null ?    Type
----------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------
ADDR                                                           RAW(8)
INDX                                                           NUMBER
INST_ID                                                        NUMBER
USERNAME                                                       VARCHAR2(30)
SYSDBA                                                         NUMBER
SYSOPER                                                        NUMBER
SYSASM                                                         NUMBER
VALID                                                          NUMBER

SQL> col username for a10
SQL> select * from x$kzsrt;

ADDR                   INDX    INST_ID USERNAME       SYSDBA    SYSOPER     SYSASM      VALID
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00002B9563678690          0          1 INTERNAL            1          1          0          1
00002B9563678690          1          1 SYS                 1          1          0          1
00002B9563678690          2          1 XFF01               0          0          0          0

从这里可以看出V$PWFILE_USERS视图的基表是x$kzsrt，这里和我们查看的密码文件一样，这些记录都存在，而是在密码文件中有不被strings显示的字符表示了账号是否启用，x$kzsrt.valid用1和0标示