18 .Android中创建与几种解析xml的方法

大家好今天我今天给大家讲解一下Android创建xml以及一些解析xml的常用方法。

首先是创建,我们用XmlSerializer这个类来创建一个xml文件,其次是解析xml文件,常用的有dom,sax,XmlPullParser等方法,由于sax代码有点复杂,本节只讲解一下dom与XmlPullParser解析,sax我将会在下一节单独讲解,至于几种解析xml的优缺点我就不再讲述了。

为了方便理解,我做了一个简单的Demo。首先首界面有三个按钮,点击第一个按钮会在sdcard目录下创建一个books.xml文件。另外两个按钮分别是调用dom与XmlPullParser方法解析xml文件,并将结果显示在一个TextView里。大家可以按照我的步骤一步步来:

第一步:新建一个Android工程,命名为XmlDemo

第二步:修改main.xml布局文件,代码如下:

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:orientation = "vertical"
     android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
     >
     < Button
         android:id = "@+id/btn1"
         android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
         android:text = "创建XML文件"
         />
     < Button
         android:id = "@+id/btn2"
         android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
         android:text = "DOM解析XML"
         />
     < Button
         android:id = "@+id/btn3"
         android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
         android:text = "XmlPullParse解析XML"
         />
     < TextView
         android:id = "@+id/result"
         android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
         />
</ LinearLayout >

第三步:修改主核心程序XmlDemo.java,代码如下:

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package com.tutor.xml;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Xml;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
 
public class XmlDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
 
     private static final String BOOKS_PATH = "/sdcard/books.xml" ;
     private Button mButton1, mButton2, mButton3;
     private TextView mTextView;
 
     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.main);
         setupViews();
     }
 
     // 初始化工作
     private void setupViews() {
         mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
         mButton1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
         mButton2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn2);
         mButton3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn3);
         mButton1.setOnClickListener( this );
         mButton2.setOnClickListener( this );
         mButton3.setOnClickListener( this );
     }
 
     // 创建xml文件
     private void createXmlFile() {
         File linceseFile = new File(BOOKS_PATH);
         try {
             linceseFile.createNewFile();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e( "IOException" , "exception in createNewFile() method" );
         }
         FileOutputStream fileos = null ;
         try {
             fileos = new FileOutputStream(linceseFile);
         } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
             Log.e( "FileNotFoundException" , "can't create FileOutputStream" );
         }
         XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer();
         try {
             serializer.setOutput(fileos, "UTF-8" );
             serializer.startDocument( null , true );
             serializer.startTag( null , "books" );
             for ( int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++) {
                 serializer.startTag( null , "book" );
                 serializer.startTag( null , "bookname" );
                 serializer.text( "Android教程" + i);
                 serializer.endTag( null , "bookname" );
                 serializer.startTag( null , "bookauthor" );
                 serializer.text( "Frankie" + i);
                 serializer.endTag( null , "bookauthor" );
                 serializer.endTag( null , "book" );
             }
 
             serializer.endTag( null , "books" );
             serializer.endDocument();
             serializer.flush();
             fileos.close();
         } catch (Exception e) {
             Log.e( "Exception" , "error occurred while creating xml file" );
         }
         Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "创建xml文件成功!" ,
                 Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     }
 
     // dom解析xml文件
     private void domParseXML() {
         File file = new File(BOOKS_PATH);
         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
         DocumentBuilder db = null ;
         try {
             db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
         } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         Document doc = null ;
         try {
             doc = db.parse(file);
         } catch (SAXException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
         NodeList books = root.getElementsByTagName( "book" );
         String res = "本结果是通过dom解析:" + "/n" ;
         for ( int i = 0 ; i < books.getLength(); i++) {
             Element book = (Element) books.item(i);
             Element bookname = (Element) book.getElementsByTagName( "bookname" )
                     .item( 0 );
             Element bookauthor = (Element) book.getElementsByTagName(
                     "bookauthor" ).item( 0 );
             res += "书名: " + bookname.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() + " "
                     + "作者: " + bookauthor.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() + "/n" ;
         }
 
         mTextView.setText(res);
     }
 
     // xmlPullParser解析xml文件
     private void xmlPullParseXML() {
         String res = "本结果是通过XmlPullParse解析:" + "/n" ;
         try {
             XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
             XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
 
             xmlPullParser.setInput(Thread.currentThread()
                     .getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(BOOKS_PATH),
                     "UTF-8" );
 
             int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
 
             try {
                 while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                     String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
                     switch (eventType) {
                     case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
                         if ( "bookname" .equals(nodeName)) {
                             res += "书名: " + xmlPullParser.nextText() + " " ;
                         } else if ( "bookauthor" .equals(nodeName)) {
                             res += "作者: " + xmlPullParser.nextText() + "/n" ;
                         }
                         break ;
                     default :
                         break ;
                     }
                     eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
                 }
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
 
         mTextView.setText(res);
     }
 
     // 按钮事件响应
     public void onClick(View v) {
         if (v == mButton1) {
             createXmlFile();
         } else if (v == mButton2) {
             domParseXML();
         } else if (v == mButton3) {
             xmlPullParseXML();
         }
     }
}

第四步:由于我们在Sd卡上新建了文件,需要增加权限,如下代码(第13行):

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
< manifest xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     package = "com.tutor.xml" android:versionCode = "1" android:versionName = "1.0" >
     < application android:icon = "@drawable/icon" android:label = "@string/app_name" >
         < activity android:name = ".XmlDemo" android:label = "@string/app_name" >
             < intent-filter >
                 < action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                 < category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
             </ intent-filter >
         </ activity >
     </ application >
     < uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion = "7" />
     < uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
</ manifest >

第五步:运行上述工程,查看效果:

启动首界面:

18 .Android中创建与几种解析xml的方法_第1张图片

点击创建XML文件按钮,生成books.xml文件

18 .Android中创建与几种解析xml的方法_第2张图片

books.xml内容如下:

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<? xml version = '1.0' encoding = 'UTF-8' standalone = 'yes' ?>
< books >
     < book >
       < bookname >Android教程0</ bookname >
       < bookauthor >Frankie0</ bookauthor >
    </ book >
    < book >
       < bookname >Android教程1</ bookname >
       < bookauthor >Frankie1</ bookauthor >
    </ book >
    < book >
       < bookname >Android教程2</ bookname >
       < bookauthor >Frankie2</ bookauthor >
    </ book >
</ books >

点击DOM解析XML按钮:

18 .Android中创建与几种解析xml的方法_第3张图片

点击XmlPullParse解析XML按钮:

18 .Android中创建与几种解析xml的方法_第4张图片

Ok~今天就先讲到这里。thx~


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