宾州中文树库标记以及其解释, Penn Chinese Treebank Tag Set

The Chinese Penn Treebank Tag Set

1        Part-Of-Speech tags: 33 tags

 

标记

英语解释

中文解释

AD

adverbs

副词

AS

Aspect marker

体态词,体标记(例如:了,在,着,过)

BA

把 in ba-const

“把”,“将”的词性标记

CC

Coordinating conjunction

并列连词,“和”

CD

Cardinal numbers

数字,“一百”

CS

Subordinating conj

从属连词 (例子:若,如果,如…)

DEC

的 for relative-clause etc

“的”词性标记

DEG

Associative 的

联结词“的”

DER

得 in V-de construction, and V-de-R

“得”

DEV

地 before VP

DT

Determiner

限定词,“这”

ETC

Tag for words 等,等等 in coordination phrase

等,等等

FW

Foreign words

例子:ISO

IJ

interjection

感叹词

JJ

Noun-modifier other than nouns

 

LB

被 in long bei-construction

例子:被,给

LC

Localizer

定位词,例子:“里”

M

Measure word (including classifiers)

量词,例子:“个”

MSP

Some particles

例子:“所”

NN

Common nouns

普通名词

NR

Proper nouns

专有名词

NT

Temporal nouns

时序词,表示时间的名词

OD

Ordinal numbers

序数词,“第一”

ON

Onomatopoeia

拟声词,“哈哈”

P

Prepositions (excluding 把 and 被)

介词

PN

pronouns

代词

PU

Punctuations

标点

SB

被in long bei-construction

例子:“被,给”

SP

Sentence-final particle

句尾小品词,“吗”

VA

Predicative adjective

表语形容词,“红”

VC

Copula 是

系动词,“是”

VE

有 as the main verb

“有”

VV

Other verbs

其他动词

 

 

 

 

2 Syntactic tags: 23 tags  句法标记

2.1 Tags for phrase: 17 tags 短语句法标记

 

标记

英语解释

中文解释

ADJP

Adjective phrase

形容词短语

ADVP

Adverbial phrase headed by AD (adverb)

由副词开头的副词短语

CLP

Classifier phrase

量词短语

CP

Clause headed by C (complementizer)

由补语引导的补语从句

DNP

Phrase formed by “XP+DEG”

 

DP

Determiner phrase

限定词短语

DVP

Phrase formed by “XP+DEV”

 

FRAG

fragment

 

IP

Simple clause headed by I (INFL 或其曲折成分)

 

LCP

Phrase formed by “XP+LC”

LC 位置词

LST

List marker

列表标记,如“--”

NP

Noun phrase

名词短语

PP

Preposition phrase

介词短语

PRN

Parenthetical

括号中的,插入的

QP

Quantifier phrase

量词短语

UCP

unidentical coordination phrase

非对等同位语短语

VP

Verb phrase

动词短语

 

2.2 Tags for verb compounds: 6 tags  动词复合6个标记

标记

英文解释

中文解释

VCD

Coordinated verb compound

并列动词复合,例子:

“(VCD (VV 观光) (VV 游览))”

VCP

Verb compounds formed by VV+VC

动词+是,例子:

“(VCP (VV 估计) (VC 为))”

VNV

Verb compounds formed by A-not-A or A-one-A

“(VNV (VV 看) (CD 一) (VV 看))”

“(VNV (VE 有) (AD 没) (VE 有))”

VPT

Potential form V-de-R or V-bu-R

V-de-R, V不R

“(VPT (VV 卖) (AD 不) (VV 完))”

“(VPT (VV 出) (DER 得) (VV 起))”

VRD

Verb resultative compound

动词结果复合,

“(VRD (VV 反映) (VV 出))”

“(VRD (VV 卖) (VV 完))”

VSB

Verb compounds formed by a modifier + a head

定语+中心词

“(VSB (VV 举债) (VV 扩张))”

 

 

 

 

3 Functional tags: 26 tags 功能标记26个

 

标记

英语解释

中文解释

ADV

Adverbial

副词的

APP

appositive

同位的

BNF

Beneficiary

受益

CND

Condition

条件

DIR

Direction

方向

EXT

Extent

范围

FOC

Focus

焦点

HLN

Headline

标题

IJ

Interjective

插入语

IMP

Imperative

祈使句

IO

Indirect object

间接宾语

LGS

Logic subject

逻辑主语

LOC

Locative

处所

MNR

Manner

方式

OBJ

Direct object

直接宾语

PN

Proper nouns

专有名词

PRD

Predicate

谓词

PRP

Purpose or reason

目的或理由

Q

Question

疑问

SBJ

Subject

主语

SHORT

Short term

缩略形式

TMP

Temporal

时间

TPC

Topic

话题

TTL

Title

标题

WH

Wh-phrase

Wh-短语

VOC

Vocative (special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used when addressing or invoking a person or thing )

呼格

 

4 Empty categories (null elements): 7 tags 空范畴标记

标记

英文解释

中文解释

*OP*

operator

在relative constructions相关结构中的操作符

*pro*

dropped argument

丢掉的论元

*PRO*

used in control structures

在受控结构中使用

*RNR*

right node raising

右部节点提升的空范畴

*T*

trace of A’-movement

A’移动的虚迹,话题化

*

trace of A-movement

A移动的虚迹

*?*

other unknown empty categories

其他未知的空范畴

 

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