Android软件开发之ListView 详解 （十一）

Android软件开发之ListView 详解

雨松MOMO原创文章如转载，请注明：转载自雨松MOMO的博客原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/xys289187120/article/details/6636139

ListView的使用方法

ListView是Android软件开发中非常重要组件之一，基本上是个软件基本都会使用ListView ，今天我通过一个demo来教大家怎么样使用ListView组件 绘制出漂亮的列表，说道ListView就不得不说Adapter适配器，因为只有通过Adapter才可以把列表中的数据映射到ListView中。
在android的开发中最Adapter 一共可以分为
ArrayAdapter<T>,
BaseAdapter,
CursorAdapter,
HeaderViewListAdapter,
ResourceCursorAdapter,
SimpleAdapter,
SimpleCursorAdapter,
WrapperListAdapter
软件开发中最常用的有ArrayAdapter<T>, BaseAdapter, SimpleAdapter，今天我用一段代码向大家诠释如何使用ListView控件。

1.简单的ListView

       在List列表中如果不存在过于复杂的东西 我们可以直接去new ArrayAdapter() 来绘制列表，无须继承ArrayAdapter，重写它的方法。但是如果列表中过于复杂的话就需要使用自定义布局来实现List列表。

public class SimpleList extends ListActivity {
    private String[] mListStr = {"姓名：雨松MOMO","性别：男","年龄：25","居住地：北京","邮箱：[email protected]"};
    ListView mListView = null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    mListView = getListView();
    setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mListStr));
    mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
            long id) {
        Toast.makeText(SimpleList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    });

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
}

public class SimpleList extends ListActivity { private String[] mListStr = {"姓名：雨松MOMO","性别：男","年龄：25","居住地：北京","邮箱：[email protected]"}; ListView mListView = null; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { mListView = getListView(); setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mListStr)); mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) { Toast.makeText(SimpleList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); } }

2.带标题的ListView列表

      使用 simpleAdapter 需要注意的是须要用Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项的显示的title与text , new SimpleAdapter的时候将map中的数据写入 ，程序就会帮我们绘制列表了。

public class TitleList extends ListActivity {
    private String[] mListTitle = {  "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
        "[email protected]" };
    ListView mListView = null;
    ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    mListView = getListView();

    int lengh = mListTitle.length;
    for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
        Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
        item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
        mData.add(item);
    }
    SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,
        new String[]{"title","text"},new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});
        setListAdapter(adapter);
    mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
            long id) {
        Toast.makeText(TitleList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    });
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
}

public class TitleList extends ListActivity { private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"}; private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京", "[email protected]" }; ListView mListView = null; ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { mListView = getListView(); int lengh = mListTitle.length; for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) { Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>(); item.put("title", mListTitle[i]); item.put("text", mListStr[i]); mData.add(item); } SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, new String[]{"title","text"},new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2}); setListAdapter(adapter); mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) { Toast.makeText(TitleList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); } }
3.带图片的ListView列表

        使用 simpleAdapter 来操作 但是构造simpleAdapter的时候须要使用我们自己写的布局来完成 ，因为系统的布局已经不能满足需求了，同样Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项须要的显示内容 如 图片 标题 内容等。

添加我们自己的列表布局 图片 标题 内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight">
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:adjustViewBounds="true"
        android:padding="2dip" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_above="@+id/text"
        android:layout_alignWithParentIfMissing="true" android:gravity="center_vertical"
        android:textSize="15dip" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/text"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
        android:ellipsize="marquee"
        android:textSize="20dip" />
</RelativeLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:adjustViewBounds="true" android:padding="2dip" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/title" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_above="@+id/text" android:layout_alignWithParentIfMissing="true" android:gravity="center_vertical" android:textSize="15dip" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/text" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:textSize="20dip" /> </RelativeLayout>

public class IconList extends ListActivity {
    private String[] mListTitle = {  "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
        "[email protected]" };
    ListView mListView = null;
    ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    mListView = getListView();

    int lengh = mListTitle.length;
    for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
        Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        item.put("image", R.drawable.jay);
        item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
        item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
        mData.add(item);
    }
    SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,R.layout.iconlist,
        new String[]{"image","title","text"},new int[]{R.id.image,R.id.title,R.id.text});
        setListAdapter(adapter);
    mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
            long id) {
        Toast.makeText(IconList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    });
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
}

public class IconList extends ListActivity { private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"}; private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京", "[email protected]" }; ListView mListView = null; ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { mListView = getListView(); int lengh = mListTitle.length; for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) { Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>(); item.put("image", R.drawable.jay); item.put("title", mListTitle[i]); item.put("text", mListStr[i]); mData.add(item); } SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,R.layout.iconlist, new String[]{"image","title","text"},new int[]{R.id.image,R.id.title,R.id.text}); setListAdapter(adapter); mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) { Toast.makeText(IconList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); } }
4.自定义布局BaseAdapter修改列表颜色

       因为通过直接 构造系统的布局来绘制列表方法肯定是有限的，所以我们需要重写绘制方法 ，写一个类去继承BaseAdapter 并实现这个类中的方法，listView在一开始绘制的时候首先会调用getCout()方法得到绘制次数 ，然后会实例化自己定义的BaseAdapter通过getView()方法一层一层绘制ListView,所以我们可以在这里面根据position(当前绘制的ID)来任意的修改绘制的内容，做出好看漂亮的ListView,下面这个例子我通过重写getView修改每个列表的颜色 并且实现用户选中后成高亮状态。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/color_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:adjustViewBounds="true"
        android:padding="2dip" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/color_title"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
        android:ellipsize="marquee"
        android:textSize="15dip"  />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/color_text"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"
        android:layout_below="@+id/color_title"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:singleLine="true"
        android:ellipsize="marquee"
        android:textSize="20dip" />
</RelativeLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/color_image" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:adjustViewBounds="true" android:padding="2dip" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/color_title" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:textSize="15dip" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/color_text" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image" android:layout_below="@+id/color_title" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:textSize="20dip" /> </RelativeLayout>

public class ColorList extends ListActivity {
    private String[] mListTitle = {  "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
        "[email protected]" };
    ListView mListView = null;
    MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    mListView = getListView();
    myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this);
    setListAdapter(myAdapter);
    mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
            long id) {
        View v=adapterView.getChildAt(position);
        v.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
        Toast.makeText(ColorList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    });

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    class MyListAdapter  extends BaseAdapter {
    private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };
    public MyListAdapter(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
    }

    public int getCount() {
        return mListStr.length;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
        return false;
    }

    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ImageView iamge = null;
        TextView title = null;
        TextView text = null;
        if (convertView == null) {
        convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.colorlist, null);
        iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_image);
        title =(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_title);
        text= (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_text);
        }
        int colorPos = position % colors.length;
        convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);
        title.setText(mListTitle[position]);
        text.setText(mListStr[position]);
         iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);
        return convertView;
    }

    private Context mContext;
    }
}

public class ColorList extends ListActivity { private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"}; private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京", "[email protected]" }; ListView mListView = null; MyListAdapter myAdapter = null; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { mListView = getListView(); myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this); setListAdapter(myAdapter); mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) { View v=adapterView.getChildAt(position); v.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED); Toast.makeText(ColorList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); } class MyListAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 }; public MyListAdapter(Context context) { mContext = context; } public int getCount() { return mListStr.length; } @Override public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() { return false; } public Object getItem(int position) { return position; } public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ImageView iamge = null; TextView title = null; TextView text = null; if (convertView == null) { convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.colorlist, null); iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_image); title =(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_title); text= (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_text); } int colorPos = position % colors.length; convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]); title.setText(mListTitle[position]); text.setText(mListStr[position]); iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay); return convertView; } private Context mContext; } }

5.自定义布局ArrayAdapter
        ArrayAdapter是BaseAdapter的子类，ArrayAdapter不仅具有BaseAdapter的所有方法还自定义了一些新的方法来处理列表项，所以单纯的从功能能上来讲ArrayAdapter远远强与BaseAdapter，如果是绘制一些数量比较少的列表建议使用BaseAdapter 如果绘制一些比较复杂的列表项 并且列表项很多的 建议使用ArrayAdapter。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/array_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="一个按钮"
    />
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/array_image"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:adjustViewBounds="true"
        android:padding="2dip" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/array_title"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
        android:ellipsize="marquee"
        android:textSize="15dip"  />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/array_text"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image"
        android:layout_below="@+id/array_title"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:singleLine="true"
        android:ellipsize="marquee"
        android:textSize="20dip" />

</RelativeLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:id="@+id/array_button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="一个按钮" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/array_image" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:adjustViewBounds="true" android:padding="2dip" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/array_title" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:textSize="15dip" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/array_text" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image" android:layout_below="@+id/array_title" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true" android:ellipsize="marquee" android:textSize="20dip" /> </RelativeLayout>

public class ArrayList extends ListActivity {
    private String[] mListTitle = {  "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
        "[email protected]" };
    ListView mListView = null;
    MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;
    ArrayList arrayList = null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    arrayList = this;
    mListView = getListView();
    myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this,R.layout.arraylist);
    setListAdapter(myAdapter);
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    public class MyListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Object> {
    int mTextViewResourceID =  0;
    private Context mContext;
    public MyListAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId) {
        super(context, textViewResourceId);
        mTextViewResourceID = textViewResourceId;
        mContext = context;
    }

    private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };

    public int getCount() {
        return mListStr.length;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
        return false;
    }

    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ImageView iamge = null;
        TextView title = null;
        TextView text = null;
        Button button = null;
        if (convertView == null) {
        convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(
            mTextViewResourceID, null);
        iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_image);
        title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_title);
        text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_text);
        button = (Button)convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
            Toast.makeText(arrayList,"您点击的第"+position +"个按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

            }
        });
        }
        int colorPos = position % colors.length;
        convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);
        title.setText(mListTitle[position]);
        text.setText(mListStr[position]);
        if(colorPos == 0)
        iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);
        else
        iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.image);
        return convertView;
    }
    }
}