JAVA解析XML的四种方法

XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技 术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),具体可参阅w3c官方网站文档http://www.w3.org获取更多信息。
XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX，另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<employees>
<employee>
    <name>ddviplinux</name>
    <sex>m</sex>
    <age>30</age>
</employee>
</employees>


本文使用JAVA语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档生成与解析。
首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl
* 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口
*/
public interface XmlDocument {
/**
* 建立XML文档
* @param fileName 文件全路径名称
*/
public void createXml(String fileName);
/**
* 解析XML文档
* @param fileName 文件全路径名称
*/
public void parserXml(String fileName);
}


1.DOM生成和解析XML文档
为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档，然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构，然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。优点：整个文档树在内存中，便于操作；支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能；缺点：将整个文档调入内存（包括无用的节点），浪费时 间和空间；使用场合：一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据；硬件资源充足（内存、CPU）。
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl
* DOM生成与解析XML文档
*/
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument {

private Document document;

private String fileName;

public void init() {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory
.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
this.document = builder.newDocument();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}

public void createXml(String fileName) {

Element root = this.document.createElement("employees");
this.document.appendChild(root);
Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee");
Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮"));
employee.appendChild(name);
Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex");
sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m"));
employee.appendChild(sex);
Element age = this.document.createElement("age");
age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30"));
employee.appendChild(age);
root.appendChild(employee);

TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
try {
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312");
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
transformer.transform(source, result);
System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!");
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (TransformerException e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

}

public void parserXml(String fileName) {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = db.parse(fileName);
NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) {
Node employee = employees.item(i);
NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();
for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {
Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);
NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();
for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {
System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()
+ ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
}
}
}
System.out.println("解析完毕");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (SAXException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

}


}

2.SAX生成和解析XML文档
为解决DOM的问题，出现了SAX。SAX ，事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时，发送事件，程序员编写响应这些事件的代码，保存数据。优点：不用事先调入整个 文档，占用资源少；SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小，适于Applet，下载。缺点：不是持久的；事件过后，若没保存数据，那么数据就丢了；无状态 性；从事件中只能得到文本，但不知该文本属于哪个元素；使用场合：Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容，很少回头访问；机器内存少；

 

package  com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;

import  java.io.FileInputStream;
import  java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import  java.io.IOException;
import  java.io.InputStream;

import  javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import  javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import  javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import  org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import  org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import  org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
 *
 * @author hongliang.dinghl
 * SAX文档解析
 */
public   class  SaxDemo  implements  XmlDocument {

    public   void  createXml(String fileName) {
         System.out.println("<<" +filename+ ">>" );
     }

    public   void  parserXml(String fileName) {
         SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

        try  {

             SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();

             InputStream is = new  FileInputStream(fileName);

             saxparser.parse(is, new  MySAXHandler());

         } catch  (ParserConfigurationException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();

         } catch  (SAXException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();

         } catch  (FileNotFoundException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();

         } catch  (IOException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

}

class  MySAXHandler  extends  DefaultHandler {

    boolean  hasAttribute =  false ;

     Attributes attributes = null ;

    public   void  startDocument()  throws  SAXException {

         System.out.println("文档开始打印了" );

     }

    public   void  endDocument()  throws  SAXException {

         System.out.println("文档打印结束了" );

     }

    public   void  startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,

     Attributes attributes) throws  SAXException {

        if  (qName.equals( "employees" )) {

            return ;

         }

        if  (qName.equals( "employee" )) {

             System.out.println(qName);

         }

        if  (attributes.getLength() >  0 ) {

            this .attributes = attributes;

            this .hasAttribute =  true ;

         }

     }

    public   void  endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)

    throws  SAXException {

        if  (hasAttribute && (attributes !=  null )) {

            for  ( int  i =  0 ; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {

                 System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0 )
                         + attributes.getValue(0 ));

             }

         }

     }

    public   void  characters( char [] ch,  int  start,  int  length)

    throws  SAXException {

         System.out.println(new  String(ch, start, length));

     }

}