linux c 获取硬盘的序列号
获取硬盘序列号的方法
找到指定硬盘的设备文件（如果是根目录的话，可以通过读取 /etc/mtab 文件获取），打开对应的设备文件。然后使用系统调用ioctl。
在这里 ioctl 的第二个参数为 HDIO_GET_IDENTITY （获得指定文件描述符的标志号）
第三个参数为 struct hd_driveid ，在 linux/hdreg.h 中。 struct hd_driveid 结构声明如下：
/* * Structure returned by HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, as per ANSI NCITS ATA6 rev.1b spec. * * If you change something here, please remember to update fix_driveid() in * ide/probe.c. */
struct hd_driveid {
unsigned short config; /* lots of obsolete bit flags */
unsigned short cyls; /* Obsolete, "physical" cyls */
unsigned short reserved2; /* reserved (word 2) */
unsigned short heads; /* Obsolete, "physical" heads */
unsigned short track_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per track */
unsigned short sector_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per sector */
unsigned short sectors; /* Obsolete, "physical" sectors per track */
unsigned short vendor0; /* vendor unique */
unsigned short vendor1; /* vendor unique */
unsigned short vendor2; /* Retired vendor unique */
unsigned char serial_no[20]; /* 0 = not_specified */
unsigned short buf_type; /* Retired */
unsigned short buf_size; /* Retired, 512 byte increments * 0 = not_specified */
unsigned short ecc_bytes; /* for r/w long cmds; 0 = not_specified */
unsigned char fw_rev[8]; /* 0 = not_specified */
unsigned char model[40]; /* 0 = not_specified */
unsigned char max_multsect; /* 0=not_implemented */
unsigned char vendor3; /* vendor unique */
unsigned short dword_io; /* 0=not_implemented; 1=implemented */
unsigned char vendor4; /* vendor unique */
unsigned char capability; /* (upper byte of word 49) * 3: IORDYsup * 2: IORDYsw * 1: LBA * 0: DMA */
unsigned short reserved50; /* reserved (word 50) */
unsigned char vendor5; /* Obsolete, vendor unique */
unsigned char tPIO; /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */
unsigned char vendor6; /* Obsolete, vendor unique */
unsigned char tDMA; /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */
unsigned short field_valid; /* (word 53) * 2: ultra_ok word 88 * 1: eide_ok words 64-70 * 0: cur_ok words 54-58 */
unsigned short cur_cyls; /* Obsolete, logical cylinders */
unsigned short cur_heads; /* Obsolete, l heads */
unsigned short cur_sectors; /* Obsolete, l sectors per track */
unsigned short cur_capacity0; /* Obsolete, l total sectors on drive */
unsigned short cur_capacity1; /* Obsolete, (2 words, misaligned int) */
unsigned char multsect; /* current multiple sector count */
unsigned char multsect_valid; /* when (bit0==1) multsect is ok */
unsigned int lba_capacity; /* Obsolete, total number of sectors */
unsigned short dma_1word; /* Obsolete, single-word dma info */
unsigned short dma_mword; /* multiple-word dma info */
unsigned short eide_pio_modes; /* bits 0:mode3 1:mode4 */
unsigned short eide_dma_min; /* min mword dma cycle time (ns) */
unsigned short eide_dma_time; /* recommended mword dma cycle time (ns) */
unsigned short eide_pio; /* min cycle time (ns), no IORDY */
unsigned short eide_pio_iordy; /* min cycle time (ns), with IORDY */
unsigned short words69_70[2]; /* reserved words 69-70 * future command overlap and queuing */
unsigned short words71_74[4]; /* reserved words 71-74 * for IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command */
unsigned short queue_depth; /* (word 75) * 15:5 reserved * 4:0 Maximum queue depth -1 */
unsigned short words76_79[4]; /* reserved words 76-79 */
unsigned short major_rev_num; /* (word 80) */
unsigned short minor_rev_num; /* (word 81) */
unsigned short command_set_1; /* (word 82) supported * 15: Obsolete * 14: NOP command * 13: READ_BUFFER * 12: WRITE_BUFFER * 11: Obsolete * 10: Host Protected Area * 9: DEVICE Reset * 8: SERVICE Interrupt * 7: Release Interrupt * 6: look-ahead * 5: write cache * 4: PACKET Command * 3: Power Management Feature Set * 2: Removable Feature Set * 1: Security Feature Set * 0: SMART Feature Set */
unsigned short command_set_2; /* (word 83) * 15: Shall be ZERO * 14: Shall be ONE * 13: FLUSH CACHE EXT * 12: FLUSH CACHE * 11: Device Configuration Overlay * 10: 48-bit Address Feature Set * 9: Automatic Acoustic Management * 8: SET MAX security * 7: reserved 1407DT PARTIES * 6: SetF sub-command Power-Up * 5: Power-Up in Standby Feature Set * 4: Removable Media Notification * 3: APM Feature Set * 2: CFA Feature Set * 1: READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED * 0: Download MicroCode */
unsigned short cfsse; /* (word 84) * cmd set-feature supported extensions * 15: Shall be ZERO * 14: Shall be ONE * 13:6 reserved * 5: General Purpose Logging * 4: Streaming Feature Set * 3: Media Card Pass Through * 2: Media Serial Number Valid * 1: SMART selt-test supported * 0: SMART error logging */
unsigned short cfs_enable_1; /* (word 85) * command set-feature enabled * 15: Obsolete * 14: NOP command * 13: READ_BUFFER * 12: WRITE_BUFFER * 11: Obsolete * 10: Host Protected Area * 9: DEVICE Reset * 8: SERVICE Interrupt * 7: Release Interrupt * 6: look-ahead * 5: write cache * 4: PACKET Command * 3: Power Management Feature Set * 2: Removable Feature Set * 1: Security Feature Set * 0: SMART Feature Set */
unsigned short cfs_enable_2; /* (word 86) * command set-feature enabled * 15: Shall be ZERO * 14: Shall be ONE * 13: FLUSH CACHE EXT * 12: FLUSH CACHE * 11: Device Configuration Overlay * 10: 48-bit Address Feature Set * 9: Automatic Acoustic Management * 8: SET MAX security * 7: reserved 1407DT PARTIES * 6: SetF sub-command Power-Up * 5: Power-Up in Standby Feature Set * 4: Removable Media Notification * 3: APM Feature Set * 2: CFA Feature Set * 1: READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED * 0: Download MicroCode */
unsigned short csf_default; /* (word 87) * command set-feature default * 15: Shall be ZERO * 14: Shall be ONE * 13:6 reserved * 5: General Purpose Logging enabled * 4: Valid CONFIGURE STREAM executed * 3: Media Card Pass Through enabled * 2: Media Serial Number Valid * 1: SMART selt-test supported * 0: SMART error logging */
unsigned short dma_ultra; /* (word 88) */
unsigned short trseuc; /* time required for security erase */
unsigned short trsEuc; /* time required for enhanced erase */
unsigned short CurAPMvalues; /* current APM values */
unsigned short mprc; /* master password revision code */
unsigned short hw_config; /* hardware config (word 93) * 15: Shall be ZERO * 14: Shall be ONE * 13: * 12: * 11: * 10: * 9: * 8: * 7: * 6: * 5: * 4: * 3: * 2: * 1: * 0: Shall be ONE */
unsigned short acoustic; /* (word 94) * 15:8 Vendor's recommended value * 7:0 current value */
unsigned short msrqs; /* min stream request size */
unsigned short sxfert; /* stream transfer time */
unsigned short sal; /* stream access latency */
unsigned int spg; /* stream performance granularity */
unsigned long long lba_capacity_2;/* 48-bit total number of sectors */
unsigned short words104_125[22];/* reserved words 104-125 */
unsigned short last_lun; /* (word 126) */
unsigned short word127; /* (word 127) Feature Set * Removable Media Notification * 15:2 reserved * 1:0 00 = not supported * 01 = supported * 10 = reserved * 11 = reserved */
unsigned short dlf; /* (word 128) * device lock function * 15:9 reserved * 8 security level 1:max 0:high * 7:6 reserved * 5 enhanced erase * 4 expire * 3 frozen * 2 locked * 1 en/disabled * 0 capability */
unsigned short csfo; /* (word 129) * current set features options * 15:4 reserved * 3: auto reassign * 2: reverting * 1: read-look-ahead * 0: write cache */
unsigned short words130_155[26];/* reserved vendor words 130-155 */
unsigned short word156; /* reserved vendor word 156 */
unsigned short words157_159[3];/* reserved vendor words 157-159 */
unsigned short cfa_power; /* (word 160) CFA Power Mode * 15 word 160 supported * 14 reserved * 13 * 12 * 11:0 */
unsigned short words161_175[15];/* Reserved for CFA */
unsigned short words176_205[30];/* Current Media Serial Number */
unsigned short words206_254[49];/* reserved words 206-254 */
unsigned short integrity_word; /* (word 255) * 15:8 Checksum * 7:0 Signature */
};其中 serial_no 问硬盘的序列号，如果此项为0，则为没有提供。
源码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <linux/hdreg.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
int main(){
struct hd_driveid id;
int fd = open("/dev/sda",O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
if(fd < 0){
perror("dev/sda");
return 1;
}