Spring事务配置的五种方式

   Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

   DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

   具体如下图：

   根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

   第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao"  
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  
         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        <property name="transactionAttributes">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
</beans>

  第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
           class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
       class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="transactionBase"  
           class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
           lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        <property name="transactionAttributes">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>    
   
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >  
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   
    </bean>
</beans>

 第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
           class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
       class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean> 
   
    <bean id="transactionInterceptor"  
       class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">  
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        <property name="transactionAttributes">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>
      
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">  
        <property name="beanNames">  
            <list>  
                <value>*Dao</value>
            </list>  
        </property>  
        <property name="interceptorNames">  
            <list>  
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value>  
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
  
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
</beans>

 第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
           class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
       class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
           expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
           pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />        
    </aop:config>      
</beans>

 第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
           class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
       class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
</beans>

 此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao{

    public List<User> listUsers(){
        return this.getSession().createQuery("fromUser").list();
    }
}

 spring注解方式也有好几种方式，更详细的找到几篇文章，有时间看看

http://jlife.iteye.com/blog/503675
http://blog.csdn.net/jackpk/archive/2009/11/13/4806886.aspx

ps:

 

Spring中的所有事务策略:

PROPAGATION_MANDATORY
PROPAGATION_NESTED 
PROPAGATION_NEVER 
PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED_NEW
PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS

Spring中所有的隔离策略：
ISOLATION_DEFAULT
ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITED
ISOLATION_COMMITED
ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ
ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE

Spring中常用事务类型：

PROPAGATION_REQUIRED--支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就新建一个事务。这是最常见的选择。
PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS--支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就以非事务方式执行。 
PROPAGATION_MANDATORY--支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就抛出异常。 
PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW--新建事务，如果当前存在事务，把当前事务挂起。 
PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED--以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前存在事务，就把当前事务挂起。 
PROPAGATION_NEVER--以非事务方式执行，如果当前存在事务，则抛出异常。 
PROPAGATION_NESTED--如果当前存在事务，则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务，则进行PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。

Spring和EJB一样，提供了两种事务管理方式：编程式和声明式。在考试系统中我们将使用声明式的事务管理，这是spring推荐的做法。使用这种方式可以体验到spring的强大便捷，而且我们无须在Dao类中编写任何特殊的代码，只需要通过配置文件就可以让普通的java类加载到事务管理中，这个意义是很重大的。 

org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager
HibernateTransactionManager是基于Hibernate的
HibernateTransactionManager中的处理可以保证SessionFactoryUtil和datasourceutil都能在一个事务里取到同一个连接 

org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
DataSourceTransactionManager是基于JDBC的 

原文地址：http://www.blogjava.net/robbie/archive/2009/04/05/264003.html
        http://www.blogjava.net/baoyaer/articles/93060.html