python2.7执行Linux系统命令

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-16844903-id-57786.html

1·os.system

举例：

In  [34]: import os

In [35]: os.system('ls /home')
cacti nagios oracle roottest1 roottest2 test6 test7
Out[35]: 0

优点：直接显示命令的输出和返回值

2·os.popen

举例：

In  [36]: os.popen('ls /home')
Out[36]: <open file 'ls /home', mode 'r' at 0xeacf60>

In [37]: os.popen('ls /home').read()
Out[37]: 'cacti\nnagios\noracle\nroottest1\nroottest2\ntest6\ntest7\n'

In [38]: file_tmp = os.popen('ls /home')

In [39]: for i in file_tmp:
   ....: print i
   ....:
   ....:
cacti

nagios

oracle

roottest1

roottest2

test6

test7

优点：可以将命令的输出保存在变量中，然后以多种方式展示出来

3·commands.getstatusoutput

举例：

In  [40]: import commands

In [41]: (status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('ls /home')

In [42]: print status
0

In [43]: print output
cacti
nagios
oracle
roottest1
roottest2
test6
test7

In [44]: commands.getstatusoutput('ls /home')
Out[44]: (0,  'cacti\nnagios\noracle\nroottest1\nroottest2\ntest6\ntest7')

优点：命令输出和返回值分开显示
help资料
FUNCTIONS
    getoutput(cmd)
        Return output (stdout or stderr) of executing cmd in a shell.
   
    getstatus(file)
        Return output of "ls -ld <file>" in a string.
   
    getstatusoutput(cmd)
        Return (status, output) of executing cmd in a shell.

In [45]: commands.getoutput('ls /home') 
Out[45]: 'cacti\nnagios\noracle\nroottest1\nroottest2\ntest6\ntest7'
In [48]: commands.getstatus('/bin/ls')
Out[48]: '-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 91240 2010-03-01 /bin/ls'