缩略图是个很常用的功能。它的实现并不复杂,但如果原图是GIF动画的话,问题就会变得繁琐一点。因为GIF(动画)由多个图片组成,需要先解压单独图片->图片压缩->图片组合动画。
Blob blob((void*)data, len); list<Image> imageList; list<Image> coalescedList; list<Image> resizeList; readImages(&imageList, blob); coalesceImages(&coalescedList, imageList.begin(), imageList.end()); list<Image>::iterator it = imageList.begin(); it = coalescedList.begin(); while(it != coalescedList.end()){ Image image = (*it); image.zoom("100x100"); resizeList.push_back(image); ++it; } writeImages(resizeList.begin(), resizeList.end(), "smaller.gif");
shell> convert old.gif old_%d.gif
结果得到GIF动画各帧示意图如下所示:
可以明显的看到,GIF动画为了压缩,会以第一帧为模板,其余各帧按照适当的偏移量依次累加,并只保留不同的像素,结果是导致各帧尺寸不尽相同,为缩略图造成障碍。下面看看如何用PHP中的Imagick模块来完美实现GIF动画缩略图:
shell> convert old.gif -coalesce -thumbnail 50x50 -layers optimize new.gif
生成的new.gif如下:
<?php $image = new Imagick('old.gif'); $image = $image->coalesceImages(); foreach ($image as $frame) { $frame->thumbnailImage(50, 50); } $image = $image->optimizeImageLayers(); $image->writeImages('new.gif', true); ?>
代码里最关键的是coalesceimages方法,它确保各帧尺寸一致,用手册里的话来说就是:
Composites a set of images while respecting any page offsets and disposal methods. GIF, MIFF, and MNG animation sequences typically start with an image background and each subsequent image varies in size and offset. Returns a new Imagick object where each image in the sequence is the same size as the first and composited with the next image in the sequence.
同时要注意optimizeImageLayers方法,它删除重复像素内容,用手册里的话来说就是:
Compares each image the GIF disposed forms of the previous image in the sequence. From this it attempts to select the smallest cropped image to replace each frame, while preserving the results of the animation.
BTW:如果要求更完美一点,可以使用quantizeImages方法进一步压缩。
注意:不管是coalesceimages,还是optimizeImageLayers,都是返回新的Imagick对象!如果你更习惯操作shell的话,那么可以这样实现GIF动画缩略图:
有个细节问题:convert版本会比php版本小一些,这是API实现不一致所致。另外,如果缩略图尺寸不符合原图比例,为了避免变形,还要考虑裁剪或者是补白。
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参考:
http://kb.cnblogs.com/page/87154/
http://www.wizards-toolkit.org/discourse-server/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=15172