上一篇我们讲了多媒体的总体框架,本章我们先来讨论媒体文件的本地播放,也是手机的基本功能。现在市面上的手机配置越来越高,支持高清视频(1920x1080P)已不在话下。那现在android主流播放器都支持哪些媒体格式呢?一般来说mp3,mp4,m4a,m4v,amr等大众格式都是支持的,具体支持成什么样这得看手机厂商和芯片厂商了。具体格式大全可以看framework/base/media/java/android/media/MediaFile.java。
我们下面进入正题研究多媒体文件的本地播放(video playback),具体用到的工具有source insight,astah(免费的画流程图工具),android 4.1代码。代码如何获取可以到google source下下载:http://source.android.com/source/downloading.html。
一般上层应用要本地播放播放一个媒体文件,需要经过如下过程:
MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer( );
mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(mContext, mUri);-
mMediaPlayer.setDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);
mMediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mMediaPlayer.prepareAsync();
mMediaPlayer.start();
首先我们先来分析setDataSource方法,这个方法有两个功能:一个是根据文件类型获得相应的player,一个是创建相应文件类型的mediaExtractor,解析媒体文件,记录metadata的主要信息。
代码如下:
framework/av/media/libmedia/ MediaPlayer.cpp
status_t MediaPlayer::setDataSource(
const char *url, const KeyedVector<String8, String8> *headers)
{
ALOGV("setDataSource(%s)", url);
status_t err = BAD_VALUE;
if (url != NULL) {
const sp<IMediaPlayerService>& service(getMediaPlayerService());
if (service != 0) {
sp<IMediaPlayer> player(service->create(getpid(), this, mAudioSessionId));
if ((NO_ERROR != doSetRetransmitEndpoint(player)) ||
(NO_ERROR != player->setDataSource(url, headers))) {
player.clear();
}
err = attachNewPlayer(player);
}
}
return err;
}
我们先来看下setDataSource方法中如何获取player。大体的流程图如下图:
我们知道MediaplayerService是负责外部请求,针对每个APP player ,mediaplayerservice都会开辟一个client端来专门处理。
client 定义如下:
framework/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/ MediaPlayerService.h
class Client : public BnMediaPlayer {...
private:
friend class MediaPlayerService;
Client( const sp<MediaPlayerService>& service,
pid_t pid,
int32_t connId,
const sp<IMediaPlayerClient>& client,
int audioSessionId,
uid_t uid);
}
}
从代码看就是一个BnMediaplayer的子类(即local binder)。既然有了BnMediaplayer,客户端也应该有相应的BpMediaplayer。获取这个BpMediaplayer要分两步骤走:第一,获取BpMediaplayerService;第二就是在setDataSource方法中的:
sp<IMediaPlayer> player(service->create(getpid(), this, mAudioSessionId)); 这个函数会返回一个BpMediaplayer。
获取BpMediaplayerService,首先要去ServiceManager获取相应的服务Mediaplayer,里面的流程是这样检查是否存在要找的service,没有就创建,有就返回BpXX。
有了BpMediaplayerService,我们就可以跟MediaplayerService通信了,自然就可以创建对应的client端来服务对应的BpMediaplayer(客户端):
framework/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/ MediaPlayerService.cpp
sp<IMediaPlayer> MediaPlayerService::create(pid_t pid, const sp<IMediaPlayerClient>& client,
int audioSessionId)
{
int32_t connId = android_atomic_inc(&mNextConnId);
sp<Client> c = new Client(
this, pid, connId, client, audioSessionId,
IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid());
ALOGV("Create new client(%d) from pid %d, uid %d, ", connId, pid,
IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid());
wp<Client> w = c;
{
Mutex::Autolock lock(mLock);
mClients.add(w);
}
return c;
}
到此我们的sp<IMediaPlayer> player(service->create(getpid(), this, mAudioSessionId));
变成了:sp<IMediaPlayer> player(Client); 那它是如何变成我们需要的BpMediaplayer呢,请看下面的定义原型,INTERFACE就是mediaplayer,大伙把宏取代下就知道了:
frameworks/av/media/include/IMediapalyer.h
class IMediaPlayer: public IInterface
{
public:
DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(MediaPlayer);
DECLARE_META_INTERFACE宏定义如下:
#define DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE) \
static const android::String16 descriptor; \
static android::sp<I##INTERFACE> asInterface( \
const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj); \
virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const; \
I##INTERFACE(); \
virtual ~I##INTERFACE();
有了DECLARE IMediaplayer.cpp 必有 IMPLEMENT
#define IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE, NAME) \
const android::String16 I##INTERFACE::descriptor(NAME); \
const android::String16& \
I##INTERFACE::getInterfaceDescriptor() const { \
return I##INTERFACE::descriptor; \
} \
android::sp<I##INTERFACE> I##INTERFACE::asInterface( \
const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj) \
{ \
android::sp<I##INTERFACE> intr; \
if (obj != NULL) { \
intr = static_cast<I##INTERFACE*>( \
obj->queryLocalInterface( \
I##INTERFACE::descriptor).get()); \
if (intr == NULL) { \
intr = new Bp##INTERFACE(obj); \
} \
} \
return intr; \
} \
I##INTERFACE::I##INTERFACE() { } \
I##INTERFACE::~I##INTERFACE() { } \
通过如上方法 ,我们获得了BpMediaplayer(remoteBinder),我们就可以通过BpMediaplayer 跟BnMediaplayer通信了。两者的交互是IBinder。
BpMediaplayer具体实现在哪呢?
frameworks/av/media/libmedia/IMediaplayer.cpp:
class BpMediaPlayer: public BpInterface<IMediaPlayer>
{
public:
BpMediaPlayer(const sp<IBinder>& impl)
: BpInterface<IMediaPlayer>(impl)
{
}
// disconnect from media player service
void disconnect()
{
Parcel data, reply;
data.writeInterfaceToken(IMediaPlayer::getInterfaceDescriptor());
remote()->transact(DISCONNECT, data, &reply);
}
status_t setDataSource(const char* url,
const KeyedVector<String8, String8>* headers)
{
Parcel data, reply;
data.writeInterfaceToken(IMediaPlayer::getInterfaceDescriptor());
data.writeCString(url);
if (headers == NULL) {
data.writeInt32(0);
} else {
// serialize the headers
data.writeInt32(headers->size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < headers->size(); ++i) {
data.writeString8(headers->keyAt(i));
data.writeString8(headers->valueAt(i));
}
}
remote()->transact(SET_DATA_SOURCE_URL, data, &reply);
return reply.readInt32();
}
remote 就是一个IBinder, IBinder 通过transact 方法中的
IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
通知相应BnMediaplayer(client)进行相应的处理。里面的如何打开binder,如何传到MediaplayerService::client就不具体说了,有兴趣可以跟下去看看。
以上我们运用到了Binder的通信机制,如果大家对此不太了解可以看:
Android系统进程间通信(IPC)机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service Manager接口之路 .
获得了BpMediaplayer ,我们就可以通过调用client端的setDataSource创建 player了:
status_t MediaPlayerService::Client::setDataSource(
const char *url, const KeyedVector<String8, String8> *headers)
{….
如果是url 以content://开头要转换为file descriptor
if (strncmp(url, "content://", 10) == 0) {…
int fd = android::openContentProviderFile(url16);
……….
setDataSource(fd, 0, 0x7fffffffffLL); // this sets mStatus
close(fd);
return mStatus;
} else {
player_type playerType = getPlayerType(url);…. createplayer前要判断是哪种类型
LOGV("player type = %d", playerType);
// create the right type of player
sp<MediaPlayerBase> p = createPlayer(playerType);
mStatus = p->setDataSource(url, headers);
…
return mStatus;
}
}
player_type getPlayerType(const char* url) ……………. 根据url的后缀名判断属于哪种playerType,默认是stagefright,我们现在研究的是本地播放,自然是stagefrightPlayer了
{
if (TestPlayerStub::canBeUsed(url)) {
return TEST_PLAYER;
}
// use MidiFile for MIDI extensions
int lenURL = strlen(url);
for (int i = 0; i < NELEM(FILE_EXTS); ++i) {
int len = strlen(FILE_EXTS[i].extension);
int start = lenURL - len;
if (start > 0) {
if (!strncasecmp(url + start, FILE_EXTS[i].extension, len)) {
return FILE_EXTS[i].playertype;
}
}
}
……………….
return getDefaultPlayerType();
}
自此我们获得了想要的player了。这里最主要的知识点就是Binder的通信了,Binder的流程我们可以用下图来解释,大家可以好好琢磨:
player已经取得,接下来就是setDataSource的第二步:获取相应的MediaExtractor并储存相应的数据。
关于这一步,我也画了个时序图:
紧接刚才我们获得player的步骤,我们实例话一个stagefrightPlayer的同时也实例话了一个AwesomePlayer,其实真正干实事的AwesomePlayer,stagefrightPlayer只是个对外的接口,
代码如下:framework/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/ StagefrightPlayer.cpp
static sp<MediaPlayerBase> createPlayer(player_type playerType, void* cookie,
notify_callback_f notifyFunc) {
…..
case STAGEFRIGHT_PLAYER:
ALOGV(" create StagefrightPlayer");
p = new StagefrightPlayer;
break;
…….
}
创建stagefrightplayer实例也new了个AwesomePlayer(mPlayer)
StagefrightPlayer::StagefrightPlayer()
: mPlayer(new AwesomePlayer) {
LOGV("StagefrightPlayer");
mPlayer->setListener(this);
}
既然Awesomeplayer是干实事的,我们直接进去看看吧:
frameworks/av/media/libstagefright/AwesomePlayer.cpp
status_t AwesomePlayer::setDataSource_l(
const sp<DataSource> &dataSource) {
sp<MediaExtractor> extractor = MediaExtractor::Create(dataSource);…….创建对应的extractor
…..
return setDataSource_l(extractor);
}
status_t AwesomePlayer::setDataSource_l(const sp<MediaExtractor> &extractor) {
…
for (size_t i = 0; i < extractor->countTracks(); ++i) {
sp<MetaData> meta = extractor->getTrackMetaData(i);.......获取相应track的元数据
int32_t bitrate;
if (!meta->findInt32(kKeyBitRate, &bitrate)) {
const char *mime;
CHECK(meta->findCString(kKeyMIMEType, &mime));
ALOGV("track of type '%s' does not publish bitrate", mime);
totalBitRate = -1;
break;
}
totalBitRate += bitrate;
}
.........
if (!haveVideo && !strncasecmp(mime, "video/", 6)) {
setVideoSource(extractor->getTrack(i)); ………>mVideoTrack
haveVideo = true;
} else if (!haveAudio && !strncasecmp(mime, "audio/", 6)) {
setAudioSource(extractor->getTrack(i));……….>mAudioTrack
haveAudio = true;
return OK;
}
关于MediaExtractor里面涉及到媒体文件格式的很多内容,比如track的构成,有几种track等等,我们将来在videoRecorder中再详细讲解。这里只有知道提取相关信息就行了。
此方法调用完成意味着player进入了MEDIA_PLAYER_INITIALIZED状态。Player的状态有如下几种:
MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ERROR
MEDIA_PLAYER_IDLE
MEDIA_PLAYER_INITIALIZED
MEDIA_PLAYER_PREPARING
MEDIA_PLAYER_PREPARED
MEDIA_PLAYER_STARTED
MEDIA_PLAYER_PAUSED
MEDIA_PLAYER_STOPPED
MEDIA_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE
setDataSource我们已经讲完了,讲流程我们的目的是熟悉它的架构,希望大家很好好熟悉熟悉,在项目需要的时候根据我们自己的媒体格式,依葫芦画瓢进行改造,比如说支持多track,切换track,以达到KTV的功能等等。。。
下一篇我们将讲解prepare的过程,这个工程主要是匹配codec,初始化codec等。