程序员的绘图利器 — Graphviz

概述

 

官网：http://www.graphviz.org/

Graphviz (Graph Visualization Software) 是一个由AT&T实验室启动的开源工具包。DOT是一种图形描述语言，非常简单的，

Graphviz就是用来处理这种语言的工具。只需要简单了解一下DOT语言，就可以用Graphviz绘图了，它对程序员特别有用。

So in short, if you are a programmer, it is born for you。

 

无向图

 graph graphname {
     a -- b -- c;
     b -- d;
 }

 

有向图

 digraph graphname {
     a -> b -> c;
     b -> d;
 }

 

属性

 //DOT语言中，可以对节点和边添加不同的属性。

 digraph graphname {
     //节点的属性，节点的名称
     a [lable = "Foo"];

     //节点的属性，节点的形状
     b [shape = box];

     //边的属性，边的颜色
     a -> b -> c [color = blue];

     //边的属性，边的线状
     b -> d [style = dotted];
 }

 

基本图形

 digraph G {
 //把图片的尺寸设为4inch * 4inch
 size = "4,4";
 main [shape = box];

 //边的重要程度，默认是1
 main->parse [weight = 8];
 parse->execute;

 //点状线
 main->init[style = dotted];
 main->cleanup;

 //连接了两条线
 execute->{make_string;printf}
 init->make_string;

 //把边的默认颜色设为red
 edge [color = red];
 main->printf [sytle=bold, label = "100times"];

 //节点的名称
 make_string [label = "make a\nstring"];

 //设置节点的默认属性
 node [shape=box,style =filled,color=lightgrey];
 execute->compare;
 }

 

 

多边形

 digraph G{
 a -> b -> c;
 b -> d;

 /* 形状为多边形，边数为5，外框为3条，颜色为淡蓝，样式为填充 */
 a [shape = polygon, sides = 5, peripheries = 3, color = lightblue, style = filled];

 /* 形状为多边形，边数为4，角的倾斜度为0.4，内容为hellow world*/
 c [shape = polygon, sides = 4, skew = 0.4, label = "hello world"];

 /* 形状为倒三角，整体旋转30度 */
 d [shape = invtriangle,orientation = 30];

 /* 形状为多边形，边数为4，扭曲度为0.7 */
 e [shape = polygon, sides = 4, distortion = 0.7];
 }

 

 

数据结构

 

（1）复杂的标签

 digraph structs {
 /* 把节点的默认形状设为矩形record，默认的是圆角矩形Mrecord */
 node [shape = record];

 struct1 [label = "left|middle|right"];
 struct2 [label = "one|two"];
 struct3 [label = "hello\nworld|{b|{c|d|e}|f}|g|h"];

 struct1 -> struct2;
 struct1 -> struct3;
 }

 

 graph picture {
 //这幅图的名字
 label = "I love you";

 //图名字的位置在bottom，也可以是t
 labelloc = b;

 //图名字的位置在left，也可以是r
 labeljust = l;

 edge[decorate = true];

 C -- D [label = "s1"];
 C -- E [label = "s2"];
 C -- F [label = "s3"];
 D -- E [label = "s4"];
 D -- F [label = "s5"];

 edge[decorate = false, labelfontcolor = blue, fontcolor = red];
 C1 -- D1 [headlabel = "c1",taillabel = "d1",label = "c1 - d1"];
 }

 

 

（2）行列对齐

 digraph html {
 rankdir = LR;
 {
 node[shape = plaintext];
 1995 -> 1996 -> 1997 -> 1998 -> 1999 -> 2000 -> 2001;
 }
 {
 node[shape = box, style = filled];
 WAR3 -> Xhero -> Footman -> DOTA:
 WAR3 -> Battleship;
 }
 {rank = same; 1996; WAR3;}
 {rank = same; 1998; Xhero; Battleship;}
 {rank = same; 1999; Footman;}
 {rank = same; 2001; DOTA;}
 }

 

 

（3）二叉树

 digraph G {
 label = "Binary search tree";
 node [shape = record];

 A [label = "<f0>|<f1>A|<f2>"];
 B [label = "<f0>|<f1>B|<f2>"];
 C [label = "<f0>|<f1>C|<f2>"];
 D [label = "<f0>|<f1>D|<f2>"];
 E [label = "<f0>|<f1>E|<f2>"];
 F [label = "<f0>|<f1>F|<f2>"];
 G [label = "<f0>|<f1>G|<f2>"];

 A:f0 -> B:f1;
 A:f2 -> C:f1;
 B:f0 -> D:f1;
 B:f2 -> E:f1;
 C:f0 -> F:f1;
 C:f2 -> G:f1;
 }

 

 

（4）哈希表

 digraph G{
 nodesep = .05;
 rankdir = LR;

 node [shape = record,width = .1,height = .1];
 node0 [label = "<f0>|<f1>|<f2>|<f3>|<f4>|<f5>|<f6>|",height = 2.5];

 node [width = 1.5];
 node1 [label = "{<n>n14|719|<p>}"];
 node2 [label = "{<n>a1|805|<p>}"];
 node3 [label = "{<n>i9|718|<p>}"];
 node4 [label = "{<n>e5|989|<p>}"];
 node5 [label = "{<n>t20|959|<p>}"];
 node6 [label = "{<n>o15|794|<p>}"];
 node7 [label = "{<n>s19|659|<p>}"];

 node0:f0 -> node1:n;
 node0:f1 -> node2:n;
 node0:f2 -> node3:n;
 node0:f5 -> node4:n;
 node0:f6 -> node5:n;
 node2:p -> node6:n;
 node4:p -> node7:n;
 }

 

 

流程图

 digraph G{
 subgraph cluster0 {
 node [style = filled,color = white];
 style = filled;
 color = lightgrey;
 a0 -> a1 -> a2 -> a3;
 label = "process #1";
 }

 subgraph cluster1 {
 node [style = filled];
 b0 -> b1 -> b2 -> b3;
 label = "process #2";
 color = blue;
 }

 start -> a0;
 start -> b0;
 a1 -> b3;
 b2 -> a3;
 a3 -> a0;
 a3 -> end;
 b3 -> end;
 start [shape = Mdiamond];
 end [shape = Msquare];
 }

 

Reference

[1] http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/DOT语言，DOT语言简明介绍。

[2] http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/Graphviz，简单背景知识。

[3] Graphviz中文指南。

摘自：http://blog.csdn.net/zhangskd/article/category/902074