[置顶] Oracle Linux 6.1 平台安装 Database 11gR2 步骤 说明

oracle linux database 平台 processing x86


 

一.安装 Oracle Linux 6.1 系统

我这里使用VBox 来安装,具体使用参考:

 

OracleVirtual Box 安装使用 说明

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6826389

 

在安装OS 时安装如下包:

Base System > Base

Base System > Client management tools

Base System > Compatibility libraries

Base System > Hardware monitoring utilities

Base System > Large Systems Performance

Base System > Network file system client

Base System > Performance Tools

Base System > Perl Support

Servers > Server Platform

Servers > System administration tools

Desktops > Desktop

Desktops > Desktop Platform

Desktops > Fonts

Desktops > General Purpose Desktop

Desktops > Graphical Administration Tools

Desktops > Input Methods

Desktops > X Window System

Development > Additional Development

Development > Development Tools

Applications >Internet Browser

 

 

 

二.安装 Oracle 11gR2

 

之前也整理了几篇Oracle安装的文章,参考:

 linux平台oracle 数据库 安装文档

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/4718218

 

64位 linux平台下Oracle安装文档

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6062816

 

这里我们看一下在OracleLinux 下Oracle 的安装。

 

2.1 安装软件下载

       Oracle从11g开始安装介质就可以独立进行安装,从OTN上我们只能下载到11.2.0.1版本,从MOS上,我们可以下载到11.2.0.3版本。 我这里使用MOS上的11.2.0.3版本进行测试。

 

OTN上的下载地址:

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

 

2.2 解压缩 Patchset

 

Oracle 11g的Patchset 分几个文件,每个文件的作用都不同。

 

第一, 二个包表示database ,  如果升级数据库,只需要这2个文件即可。

第三个包表示grid, 用来升级RAC 的CRS。如果升级RAC 要先用这个文件。

第四个表示客户端,

第五个表示gateways, 

第六个表示examples,   这个是我们的示例文件安装包。

第七个表示deinstall . 

 

更多内容参考:

Oracle 11gR2Patchset 不同文件作用 说明

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6818770

 

#11.2.0.3

unzipp10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

unzipp10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

 

2.3 修改hosts 文件

The "/etc/hosts" file mustcontain a fully qualified name for the server.

 

<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

For example.

127.0.0.1      localhost

192.168.3.201  derek

 

2.4 修改配置参数

 

2.4.1 使用preinstall自动设置

 

之前单独整理了一篇Blog来说明preinstall 包,参考:

Oracle Linux6 下Oracle RDBMS Server 11gR2 Preinstall RPM 包说明

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/7456878

 

该包会自动完成大部分的配置工作,从而提高我们部署的效率。

 

[root@dave Desktop]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Packageoracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ forpackage: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency:libstdc++-devel for package:oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libaio-develfor package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: ksh forpackage: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package gcc-c++.x86_640:4.4.6-3.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++ =4.4.6-3.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64

---> Package ksh.x86_640:20100621-12.el6_2.1 will be installed

---> Package libaio-devel.x86_640:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed

---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_640:4.4.6-3.el6 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libstdc++.x86_640:4.4.5-6.el6 will be updated

---> Package libstdc++.x86_640:4.4.6-3.el6 will be an update

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

================================================================================

 Package                            Arch   Version             Repository  Size

================================================================================

Installing:

 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

                                    x86_641.0-3.el6           ol6_latest  15 k

Installing for dependencies:

 gcc-c++                            x86_64 4.4.6-3.el6         ol6_latest 4.7 M

 ksh                                x86_6420100621-12.el6_2.1 ol6_latest 683 k

 libaio-devel                       x86_640.3.107-10.el6      ol6_latest  13 k

 libstdc++-devel                    x86_64 4.4.6-3.el6         ol6_latest 1.5 M

Updating for dependencies:

 libstdc++                          x86_644.4.6-3.el6         ol6_latest 290 k

 

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install       5 Package(s)

Upgrade       1 Package(s)

 

Total size: 7.2 M

Total download size: 4.7 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                           | 4.7 MB     00:01    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

 Updating   :libstdc++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64                                 1/7

 Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64                           2/7

 Installing : gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64                                   3/7

 Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64                           4/7

 Installing : ksh-20100621-12.el6_2.1.x86_64                               5/7

 Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64        6/7

 Cleanup    :libstdc++-4.4.5-6.el6.x86_64                                 7/7

 

Installed:

 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el6                      

 

Dependency Installed:

 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6          ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-12.el6_2.1     

 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6  libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6 

 

Dependency Updated:

 libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6                                               

 

Complete!

[root@dave Desktop]#

 

2.4.2 手工设置

如果不使用rpm 包自动配置,就需要手工的做配置,具体的配置工作如下:

 

(1)    修改/etc/sysctl.conf 文件

Oracle 需求的最小配置如下:

fs.suid_dumpable = 1

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

 

可以使用如下命令来查看某个参数值:

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep <param-name>

 

在/etc/sysctl.conf文件里在添加或者修改如下内容:

fs.suid_dumpable = 1

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm,semmni

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default=4194304

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048586

 

修改完成之后执行如下命令使修改生效:

/sbin/sysctl –p

 

2)在/etc/security/limits.conf 文件里添加如下内容

oracle              soft    nproc  2047

oracle              hard    nproc  16384

oracle              soft    nofile 4096

oracle              hard    nofile 65536

oracle              soft    stack  10240

 

3)安装相关的RPM 

# From Oracle Linux 6 DVD

cd /media/cdrom/Server/Packages

rpm -Uvh binutils-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh glibc-2*x86_64*nss-softokn-freebl-3*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh glibc-2*i686*nss-softokn-freebl-3*i686*

rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*i686*

rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh gcc-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh ksh-*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh libaio-0*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh libaio-0*i686*

rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*i686*

rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*i686*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*i686*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh make-3.81*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh numactl-devel-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh sysstat-9*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*i686*

rpm -Uvh compat-libcap*

rpm -Uvh unixODBC*


在CenOS6、RHEL6或者ORACLE LINUX 6上安装oracle 11g R2的时候提示:pdksh包没有安装,

按照提示从网上下了个pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm包,然后尝试安装:

# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm 
warning: pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
pdksh conflicts with ksh-20100621-2.el6.i686

这个问题解决非常简单:

# rpm -e ksh-20100621-2.el6.i686

# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm


cd /

eject

 

4)创建groups  users

groupadd -g 501 oinstall

groupadd -g 502 dba

groupadd -g 503 oper

groupadd -g 504 asmadmin

groupadd -g 506 asmdba

groupadd -g 505 asmoper

 

useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -Gdba,asmdba,oper oracle

passwd oracle

 

 

2.5 其他设置

 

2.5.1 禁用SELINUX

 

在/etc/selinux/config里设置:SELINUX=disabled

 

修改这个参数需要重启系统才能生效。

 

2.5.2 创建目录并赋权

mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod -R 775 /u01

 

2.5.3 切换到oracle用户,并修改.bash_profile 文件

 

[oracle@dave ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

 

在.bash_profile文件里添加如下内容:

# Oracle Settings

TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

 

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=derek; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME

ORACLE_UNQNAME=derek; export ORACLE_UNQNAME

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=derek; export ORACLE_SID

 

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

 

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export CLASSPATH

 

 

2.6 安装软件

这里可以使用NoMachine,VNC 等工具。

 

远程桌面工具-- NoMachine

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6003610

 

我这里直接在系统里来:

 

(1)    用root 用户执行:

Xhost +

 

(2)    用Oracle 执行:

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; exportDISPLAY

 

(3)    开始安装

./runInstaller

 

备注:如果安装时提示安装空间不足的话,需要新增一块磁盘,如果是虚拟机的话可以在设置中增加一个虚拟磁盘

加上后会有一个sdb(第一块是sda)   在/dev目录中

cd /dev

第一步分区

首先fdisk sdb

使用m参数查看帮助 p打印出明细

n增加一个分区 (叫sdb1) w将配置写入磁盘

第二步格式化

mkfs.ext3  /dev/sdb1      初始化为ext3分区

第三步挂载

挂载硬盘到某个目录 mount /dev/sdb1 /u01

 第四步配置自动挂载

vi /etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1               /u01                         ext3    defaults        1 1


2.7  修改自启动参数

修改/etc/oratab 文件,将最后标记改成Y

Edit the "/etc/oratab" filesetting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'.

derek:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y

 

关于Oracle实例开机自启动的更多内容参考:

Linux 下Oracle开机自启动 与 oratab, dbstart 脚本 说明

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/7220657

 

 


 

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