linux 下RMAN备份shell脚本

       RMAN备份对于Oracle数据库的备份与恢复简单易用，成本低廉。对于使用非catalog方式而言，将RMAN脚本嵌入到shell脚本，然后再通过crontab来实现中小型数据库数据库备份无疑是首选。本文提供了一个简单易用的基于linux shell下的RMAN备份脚本供参考。大家可根据自己的需要进行适当调整。

 

RMAN备份相关方面的知识较多，可以参考：
    RMAN 概述及其体系结构
    RMAN 配置、监控与管理
    RMAN 备份详解
    RMAN 还原与恢复
    RMAN catalog 的创建和使用
    基于catalog 创建RMAN存储脚本
    基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复
    RMAN 备份路径困惑
   
其次是对于shell脚本中调用sql,rman语句可以参考
  Linux/Unix shell 脚本中调用SQL,RMAN脚本
  Linux/Unix shell sql 之间传递变量
   
下面是脚本的具体内容

##===========================================================
##   db_bak_rman.sh              
##   created by Robinson         
##   2011/11/07  
##   usage: db_bak_rman.sh <$ORACLE_SID> <$BACKUP_LEVEL>
##          BACKUP_LEVEL: 
##             F: full backup
##             0: level 0
##             1: level 1                           
##============================================================
#!/bin/bash
# User specific environment and startup programs

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; 
then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi

ORACLE_SID=${1};                              export ORACLE_SID    
RMAN_LEVEL=${2};                              export RMAN_LEVEL
TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`;                 export TIMESTAMP     
DATE=`date +%Y%m%d`;                          export DATE          
RMAN_DIR=/u02/database/${ORACLE_SID}/backup/rman;   export RMAN_DIR      
RMAN_DATA=${RMAN_DIR}/${DATE};                export RMAN_DATA     
#RMAN_LOG=$RMAN_DATA/log;                     export RMAN_LOG     
RMAN_LOG=/u02/database/${ORACLE_SID}/backup/rman/log  export RMAN_LOG 

# Check rman level 
#======================================================================
if [ "$RMAN_LEVEL" == "F" ];
then  unset INCR_LVL
      BACKUP_TYPE=full
else
      INCR_LVL="INCREMENTAL LEVEL ${RMAN_LEVEL}"
      BACKUP_TYPE=lev${RMAN_LEVEL} 
fi

RMAN_FILE=${RMAN_DATA}/${ORACLE_SID}_${BACKUP_TYPE}_${TIMESTAMP};       export RMAN_FILE
SSH_LOG=${RMAN_LOG}/${ORACLE_SID}_${BACKUP_TYPE}_${TIMESTAMP}.log;      export SSH_LOG
MAXPIECESIZE=4G;                                                export MAXPIECESIZE

#Check RMAN Backup Path
#=========================================================================

if ! test -d ${RMAN_DATA}
then
mkdir -p ${RMAN_DATA}
fi

echo "---------------------------------" >>${SSH_LOG}
echo "   " >>${SSH_LOG}
echo "Rman Begin  to Working ........." >>${SSH_LOG}
echo "Begin time at:" `date` --`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` >>${SSH_LOG}

#Startup rman to backup 
#=============================================================================
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman log=${RMAN_FILE}.log <<EOF
connect target /
run {
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '${RMAN_FILE}_%F';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 'ch1' TYPE DISK maxpiecesize=${MAXPIECESIZE};
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 'ch2' TYPE DISK maxpiecesize=${MAXPIECESIZE};
set limit channel ch1 readrate=10240;
set limit channel ch1 kbytes=4096000;
set limit channel ch2 readrate=10240;
set limit channel ch2 kbytes=4096000;
CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL;
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED ARCHIVELOG ALL;
BACKUP 
#AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET 
${INCR_LVL}
DATABASE FORMAT '${RMAN_FILE}_%U' TAG '${ORACLE_SID}_${BACKUP_TYPE}_${TIMESTAMP}';
SQL 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT';
BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT '${RMAN_FILE}_arc_%U' TAG '${ORACLE_SID}_arc_${TIMESTAMP}'
DELETE  INPUT;
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch1;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch2;
}
sql "alter database backup controlfile to ''${RMAN_DATA}/cntl_${BACKUP_TYPE}.bak''";
exit;
EOF
RC=$?

cat ${RMAN_FILE}.log >>${SSH_LOG}
echo "Rman Stop working @ time:"`date` `date +%Y%m%d%H%M` >>${SSH_LOG}

echo >>${SSH_LOG}
echo "------------------------" >>${SSH_LOG}
echo "------ Disk Space ------" >>${SSH_LOG}
df -h >>${SSH_LOG}

echo >>${SSH_LOG}

if [ $RC -ne "0" ]; then
    echo "------ error ------" >>${SSH_LOG}
else
    echo "------ no error found during RMAN backup peroid------" >>${SSH_LOG}
    rm -rf ${RMAN_FILE}.log
fi

#Remove old backup than 3 days
#============================================================================
RMDIR=${RMAN_DIR}/`/bin/date +%Y%m%d -d "3 days ago"`;   export RMDIR
echo >>${SSH_LOG}
echo -e "------Remove old backup than 3 days ------\n" >>${SSH_LOG}

if test -d ${RMDIR}
    then
    rm -rf ${RMDIR}
    RC=$?
fi

echo >>${SSH_LOG}

if [ $RC -ne "0" ]; then
    echo -e "------ Remove old backup exception------ \n" >>${SSH_LOG}
else
    echo -e "------ no error found during remove old backup set peroid------ \n" >>${SSH_LOG}
fi

exit

oracle@SZDB:~/robinson/scripts/dba_scripts/custom/sql> ./db_bak_rman.sh GOBO1 0
RMAN> RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 12> 13> 14> 15> 
16> 17> 18> 19> 20> 21> 22> 23> 24> RMAN> RMAN> 
oracle@SZDB:~/robinson/scripts/dba_scripts/custom/sql>

oracle@SZDB:/u02/database/GOBO1/backup/rman> ls
20120928  log
oracle@SZDB:/u02/database/GOBO1/backup/rman/20120928> ls
cntl_lev0.bak                             GOBO1_lev0_201209281421_arc_4onmb9ro_1_1
GOBO1_lev0_201209281421_4knmb9jn_1_1      GOBO1_lev0_201209281421_c-733951103-20120928-00
GOBO1_lev0_201209281421_4lnmb9jn_1_1      GOBO1_lev0_201209281421_c-733951103-20120928-01
GOBO1_lev0_201209281421_arc_4nnmb9rn_1_1

更多参考： 

有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考

    Oracle 冷备份

    Oracle 热备份

    Oracle 备份恢复概念

    Oracle 实例恢复

    Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理(详细描述了介质恢复及其处理)

    SYSTEM 表空间管理及备份恢复

    SYSAUX表空间管理及恢复

   Oracle 基于备份控制文件的恢复(unsing backup controlfile)

 

有关RMAN的备份恢复与管理请参考

    RMAN 概述及其体系结构

    RMAN 配置、监控与管理

    RMAN 备份详解

    RMAN 还原与恢复

    RMAN catalog 的创建和使用

    基于catalog 创建RMAN存储脚本

    基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复

    RMAN 备份路径困惑

 

有关ORACLE体系结构请参考

    Oracle 表空间与数据文件

    Oracle 密码文件

    Oracle 参数文件

    Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)

    Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)

    Oracle 归档日志

    Oracle 回滚(ROLLBACK)和撤销(UNDO)

    Oracle 数据库实例启动关闭过程

    Oracle 10g SGA 的自动化管理

    Oracle 实例和Oracle数据库(Oracle体系结构)