Java中：struts2+jQuery+ajax调用演示
环境：
操作系统：Windows 7
应用程序服务器：apache-tomcat-7.0.11
开发工具：IntelliJ IDEA 11.1.1
Java版本：Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_03-b05)
Struts版本：struts-2.2.1.1
jQuery版本：1.7.2
MySql版本： 5.5.16 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
mysql-connector-java：5.1.15
2013年4月16日注:本例中采用的JSON数据格式,推荐使用性能更好的jackson进行序列化,不要使用json-lib
关键点：
1.引入包：struts2对数据进行json序列化，必须要用到struts2的json-lib，struts2-json-plugin包；
2.json数据处理：异步提交的数据采用json格式，struts2-json-plugin会对数据进行json处理，所以struts2配置文件struts.xml中的package节点的extends必须是：extends="json-default"；
例如：<package name="default" namespace="/test" extends="json-default">
3.同样的由于返回的是json数据，所以result的类型也必须采用json；
注意：struts2只能在引入json-lib，struts2-json-plugin包时，result的type属性设定json才不会报错：<result name="userInfo" type="json"></result>
4.针对异步提交，action的result节点值应该为空，即不能再转向(例如：只能为<result name="userInfo" type="json"></result>)；
时序：
绿色代表客户端请求；紫色代表从数据库返回到客户端。
jsp-----(表单提交)---->jQuery------(ajax异步)----->Struts2-----(action取得json数据)----->调用service------->其它(spring，hibernate等)-----(model)----->DB
DB----(model)------>hibernate,spring--------->service-------Struts2(action,result)------->jQuery(ajax)---------->jsp
代码：
1. 入口jsp：input_user.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Anyx
Date: 12-4-15
Time: 下午3:46
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-1.7.2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/myJs.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
请输入用户：
</div>
<div>
<form id="subUserForm">
<input type="text" name="userInfo.id" id="id"/>
<input type="text" name="userInfo.name" id="name"/>
</form>
</div>
<div>
<input id="addUser" type="button" value="添加"/>
<input id="users" type="button" value="所有用户"/>
<a href="/test/load_allUser_jump.action">所有用户：非异步方式</a>
<input id="msg" type="button" value="hello"/>
<input id="msgUserInfo" type="button" value="userInfo"/>
<input id="msgUserInfoList" type="button" value="userInfoList"/>
</div>
<div id="allUser">
input_user:
</div>
</body>
</html>
2. jQuery文件：myJs.js
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#msg").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:'/test/input_user!queryHello',
type:'POST',
data:"{}",
dataType:'json',
success:function (data) {
$("#allUser").append("输出了：id:" + data.hello);
}
});
/*$.getJSON("/test/input_user!queryHello", function (data) {
//通过.操作符可以从data.hello中获得Action中hello的值
$("#allUser").html("输出了: " + data.hello);
});*/
});
$("#msgUserInfo").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:'/test/userInfo!loadUserInfo',
type:'post',
data:"{}",
dataType:'json',
success:function (data) {
$("#allUser").append("<div>输出了：id:" + data.userInfo.id + ", name: " + data.userInfo.name + "</div>");
}
});
});
$("#msgUserInfoList").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:'/test/userInfoList.action',
type:'post',
data:"{}",
dataType:'json',
success:function (data) {
/*$.each(data.userList, function(i, value){
$("#allUser").append("<div>输出了：id:"+value.id+", name: "+value.name+"</div>");
});*/
$(data.userList).each(function (i, value) {
$("#allUser").append("<div>输出了：id:" + value.id + ", name: " + value.name + "</div>");
});
}
});
});
$("#addUser").click(function () {
//必须先对提交表单数据数据进行序列化，采用jQuery的serialize()方法
var params = $("#subUserForm").serialize();
$.ajax({
url:'/test/add_user.action',
type:'post',
data:params,
dataType:'json',
success:function (data) {
/*$.each(data.userList, function(i, value){
$("#allUser").append("<div>输出了：id:"+value.id+", name: "+value.name+"</div>");
});*/
$(data.userList).each(function (i, value) {
$("#allUser").append("<div>输出了：id:" + value.id + ", name: " + value.name + "</div>");
});
}
});
});
$("#users").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:'/test/load_allUser.action',
type:'post',
data:"{}",
dataType:'json',
success:function (data) {
/*$.each(data.userList, function (i, value) {
$("#allUser").append("<div>输出了：id:" + value.id + ", name: " + value.name + "</div>");
});*/
$(data.userList).each(function (i, value) {
$("#allUser").append("<div>输出了：id:" + value.id + ", name: " + value.name + "</div>");
});
}
});
});
});
3.action类：UserAction.java
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
UserService us = new UserService();
public String inputUser() {
return "INPUT_USER";
}
public String queryHello() {
this.hello = "hello world";
return "hel";
}
public String loadUserInfo() {
userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setId(3);
userInfo.setName("取得userInfo");
return "userInfo";
}
public String loadUserInfoList() {
userList = new ArrayList<UserInfo>();
UserInfo u1 = new UserInfo();
u1.setId(1);
u1.setName("取得userInfo1");
UserInfo u2 = new UserInfo();
u2.setId(2);
u2.setName("取得userInfo2");
UserInfo u3 = new UserInfo();
u3.setId(3);
u3.setName("取得userInfo3");
userList.add(u1);
userList.add(u2);
userList.add(u3);
return "userInfoList";
}
public String addUser() {
/*userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setId(7);
userInfo.setName("张7");*/
//如果是异步提交json格式，必须先在js中对提交的表单form进行序列化
//var params = $("subUserForm").serialize();
us.addUser(userInfo);
userList = us.getUser();
return "ADD_SUCCESS";
}
public String loadAllUser() {
userList = us.getUser();
return "USER";
}
/////////////////
private String hello;
public String getHello() {
return hello;
}
public void setHello(String hello) {
this.hello = hello;
}
public List<UserInfo> getUserList() {
return userList;
}
public void setUserList(List<UserInfo> userList) {
this.userList = userList;
}
public UserInfo getUserInfo() {
return userInfo;
}
public void setUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo) {
this.userInfo = userInfo;
}
private UserInfo userInfo;
private List<UserInfo> userList;
}
4.Struts配置文件：struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.7.dtd">
<struts>
<!--struts2的开发模式-->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/>
<!--采用json数据格式，package的extends必须是extends="json-default"-->
<!--并且必须要用到struts2的json-lib，struts2-json-plugin包-->
<!--采用异步提交方式，result的type="json"，并且result节点值为空-->
<package name="default" namespace="/test" extends="json-default">
<!--客户端请求采用DMI（动态调用）-->
<action name="input_user" class="com.agcro.jquery.action.UserAction">
<result name="INPUT_USER">/input_user.jsp</result>
<result name="hel" type="json"></result>
</action>
<!--客户端请求（非动态调用）-->
<action name="userInfo" class="com.agcro.jquery.action.UserAction" method="loadUserInfo">
<result name="userInfo" type="json"></result>
</action>
<action name="userInfoList" class="com.agcro.jquery.action.UserAction" method="loadUserInfoList">
<result name="userInfoList" type="json"></result>
</action>
<action name="add_user" class="com.agcro.jquery.action.UserAction" method="addUser">
<result name="ADD_SUCCESS" type="json"></result>
</action>
<action name="load_allUser" class="com.agcro.jquery.action.UserAction" method="loadAllUser">
<result name="USER" type="json"></result>
</action>
<!--不采用异步提交方式显示-->
<action name="load_allUser_jump" class="com.agcro.jquery.action.UserAction" method="loadAllUser">
<result name="USER">/user.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
5.Service类：UserService.java
public class UserService {
public List<UserInfo> getUser(){
Connection conn=Db.createConnection();
String sql="select * from user";
UserInfo userInfo =null;
List<UserInfo> users =new ArrayList<UserInfo>();
try{
PreparedStatement ps=Db.prepare(conn, sql);
ResultSet rs= ps.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()){
userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
userInfo.setName(rs.getString("name"));
users.add(userInfo);
}
Db.close(rs);
Db.close(ps);
Db.close(conn);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return users;
}
public void addUser(UserInfo userInfo){
Connection conn=Db.createConnection();
String sql="insert into user (id, name) values(?,?)";
try{
PreparedStatement ps=Db.prepare(conn, sql);
ps.setInt(1, userInfo.getId());
ps.setString(2, userInfo.getName());
ps.executeUpdate();
Db.close(ps);
Db.close(conn);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
6.采用非异步提交后转向的jsp：user.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="u">
<s:iterator value="userList" var="c">
<s:property value="#c.id"/> |
<s:property value="#c.name"/> |
</br>
</s:iterator>
</div>
</body>
</html>
7.每个人都知道的应用程序配置文件：web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
8.访问数据库类：Db.java
package com.agcro.jquery.util;
import java.sql.*;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* UserInfo: Anyx
* Date: 12-4-15
* Time: 下午4:44
* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
*/
public class Db {
public static Connection createConnection(){
Connection conn=null;
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test";
String username="root";
String password="123";
try{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
public static PreparedStatement prepare(Connection conn, String sql){
PreparedStatement ps=null;
try{
ps=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ps;
}
public static void close(Connection conn){
if(conn == null){
return;
}
try{
conn.close();
conn=null;
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void close(PreparedStatement ps){
try{
ps.close();
ps=null;
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void close(ResultSet rs){
try{
rs.close();
rs=null;
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
我的工程结构：
