Hibernate学习之级联操作1——一对多关联关系

这一篇记录的是Hibernate的级联操作,主要是一对多的关系。Hibernate的级联操作可以让我们在保存(或其他的数据库操作)一个对象时,将与其关联的对象同时保存到数据库。假设我们的数据库中有两张表:teacher和student,教师和学生是一对多的关系,即一名教师教多名学生

我们的teacher表的结构如下图所示:


teacher表中有两个字段,id和name

student表的结构如下图所示:

Hibernate学习之级联操作1——一对多关联关系_第1张图片

student表中有三个字段,id,学号stu_number和对应的教师id

在MyEclipse中新建一个工程,取名为TestHibernateCascade,项目结构如下图所示:

Hibernate学习之级联操作1——一对多关联关系_第2张图片

为项目加入Hibernate支持就不多说了,下面我们新建两个java bean,分别表示教师类和学生类,教师类的代码如下所示:

package com.test.model;

import java.util.Set;

public class Teacher {

	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Set<Student> students;

	public Teacher(String name, Set<Student> students) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.students = students;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Set<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}

	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}

}
由于一个教师教多名学生,所以我们在教师类Teacher中,定义了一个集合类型的数据,其中装入的是Student类的对象,下面是Student类的代码:

package com.test.model;

public class Student {

	private int id;
	private String stu_number;
	private Teacher teacher;

	public Student(String stu_number, Teacher teacher) {
		super();
		this.stu_number = stu_number;
		this.teacher = teacher;
	}

	public String getStu_number() {
		return stu_number;
	}

	public void setStu_number(String stu_number) {
		this.stu_number = stu_number;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public Teacher getTeacher() {
		return teacher;
	}

	public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
		this.teacher = teacher;
	}

}
Student类中为了跟Teacher类保持多对一的关系,所以在Student中加入了一个Teacher类的对象作为成员变量,下面我们分别为上面的两个类编写hbm文件:

首先是Teacher.hbm.xml,其配置如下代码所示:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping
PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	
	<class name="com.test.model.Teacher" table="teacher">
		<id name="id" column="id" type="int">
			<generator class="increment"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name" type="string">
			<column name="name" length="20"></column>
		</property>
		<set name="students" cascade="save-update">
			<key column="teacher_id"></key>
			<one-to-many class="com.test.model.Student"/>
		</set>
	</class>
	
</hibernate-mapping>
上面要注意的是一个set标签,由于一个teacher可以教多名student,所以在Teacher.hbm.xml配置文件中,我们加入了set标签,set标签的name属性值,即为Teacher类中的students成员变量名,cascade属性指明了级联操作的类型,即save和update时,会进行级联操作,在set标签的子标签中,还有key和one-to-many标签,key标签指明了与另一个表关联的外键的字段名,这里是指的student表中的teacher_id字段,one-to-many标签指明了一对多的是哪个类,这里指的Student类

然后是Student.hbm.xml,其配置如下代码所示:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping
PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	
	<class name="com.test.model.Student" table="student">
		<id name="id" column="id" type="int">
			<generator class="increment"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="stu_number" type="string">
			<column name="stu_number" length="20"></column>
		</property>
		<many-to-one name="teacher" class="com.test.model.Teacher" column="teacher_id">
		</many-to-one>
	</class>
	
</hibernate-mapping>
这里需要注意的是many-to-one标签,因为多个student对应一个teacher,所以这里的many-to-one标签指明了对应的Teacher类,name属性与Student类中的成员变量teacher对应,column属性则表示与teacher关联的表的字段,为student表中的teacher_id字段

下面用一段代码测试hibernate的级联操作:

package com.test;

import java.util.HashSet;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.test.model.Student;
import com.test.model.Teacher;

public class TestMain {
	private Teacher teacher;
	private Student stu1;
	private Student stu2;
	
	private void init(){
		teacher = new Teacher("zhangsan", new HashSet<Student>());
		stu1 = new Student("20150001", teacher);
		stu2 = new Student("20150002", teacher);
		teacher.getStudents().add(stu1);
		teacher.getStudents().add(stu2);
	}
	
	private void test(){
		init();
		Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
		Transaction trans = session.beginTransaction();
		try {
			session.save(teacher);
			trans.commit();
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			trans.rollback();
		} finally {
			HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new TestMain().test();
	}

}
上面的代码很简单,new了一个Teacher类的对象和两个Student类的对象,然后将两个Student关联到Teacher上,最后将Teacher保存到数据库,可以发现控制台的输出如下所示:


很明显,我们只保存了一个Teacher类的对象,但是hibernate框架自动为我们保存了与Teacher类的对象所关联的两个Student类的对象

源码下载点击这里


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