GPRS模块在Linux平台上ppp拨号上网总结与心得

linux平台的ppp拨号上网，（注明：这里只谈命令行拨号，用linux就要习惯和熟练使用命令行）

在网上常见的有三种方式：
1.使用智能的ppp拨号软件wvdial：
参考案例:本博客的《使用wvdial启动ppp协议拨号上网》
http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/76263/showart_1227064.html
2.使用3个脚本的方式：即ppp-on,ppp-on-dialer,ppp-off
参考文档：linux-ppp-howto ( http://www.dcaccess.net/welcome/linux/PPP-HOWTO.html )、howto hook up ppp ( http://www.theory.physics.ubc.ca/ppp-linux.html) 以及网上很多成功的案例
注：以上两种方式各有自己的优缺点，第一种方式智能稳定，他不需要chat程序，使用集成的wvdial工具包直接连接ISP，安全稳定，可以断线自动重拨。第二方式，使用chat程序，但是很多的参数需要自己去配置，虽然比较灵活，但是如果遇到了拨号错误以后，你若不清ppp协议拨号实现的具体机制和每个参数的含义，你就会很吃力，也许运气好的时候，你运行的环境正好和本地的移动isp配置吻合，恭喜你能上网了，但是你遗憾的是没有学到东西，想了解 ppp机制的朋友，可以试试第2种方式，在了解大体了解ppp协议的前提下，观察思考/var/log/messages中的信息。  
3.使用命令pppd call somescript的方式：
参考案例： http://blog.csdn.net/bouillisy/archive/2005/07/27/436203.aspx
我使用就是该方式，下面列出ppp拨号相关配置文件并作适当的解释;
注意：我使用的gprs模块是HUAWEI GTM900A/B两种，不同的模块的内部设置有差异，所以配置文件中的某些参数配置有差异，另外还有自身的pc机或者arm开发板的环境以及所处的地点的信号，移动ISP都有关，在出现问题的时候要考虑这些潜在的可能因素。错误排查的过程是个枯燥难受的过程，但是反过来去看，这个过程之后会收获很多。

默认情况在/etc/ppp/目录下建立文件gprs-connect-chat，内容如下（每个参数解释在ppp-howto中有详细解释。它是在ppp 底层会话的时候给chat进程的参数每行是一个“期望/发送”的组合序列。当出现一些经典的错误如： "LCP: timeout sending Config-Requests" ，"serial line is not 8 bit clean...",“serial line is looped back”等，去参看方式2提到的两个文档，或者google。注意，为什么不能确切地给出解决的方式，原因是打印出来的同一个错误信息，我称之为现象，同一现象可能是由很多种原因造成的，需要自己实地排查。）
#/etc/ppp/gprs-connect-chat
TIMEOUT         15
ABORT   '/nBUSY/r'   
ABORT   '/nNO ANSWER/r'   
ABORT   '/nRINGING/r/n/r/nRINGING/r'
#'' AT  
#'OK-+++/c-OK' ATH0
TIMEOUT         40
''              /rAT
OK              ATS0=0      #这些都是标准的at命令，建议查看随模块的at命令手册
OK              ATE0V1
OK              AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","CMNET" #设置isp接入网关为中国移动的cmnet，如果你想 获得更多访问资源的话
OK              ATDT*99***1#   #中国移动gprs的接入号吗
CONNECT         ''

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
建立文件/etc/ppp/peers/gprs，它的作用是给pppd进程提供配置参数（详见man 8 pppd的输出内容，如果出现问题这个将是非常重要的参考页），内容如下：

#/etc/ppp/peers/gprs
# Usage:   root>pppd call gprs
/dev/s3c2410_serial1   #改成自己的端口名
115200    #改成自己串口波特率
nocrtscts
#可能你的串口是需要crtscts，硬件流控的，这是由你的串口决定的，一般嵌入式系统的串口没有带硬件流控，也不需要就加nocrtscts
modem   #这个参数使得pppd进程将等待模块发回的CD (Carrier Detect)信号，与local真好相反
#noauth
debug #把调试信息输出到/var/log/messages，在调试成功后去掉它，以减少垃圾的产生。
nodetach
#hide-password
usepeerdns #以下的3个参数一般不可少
noipdefault
defaultroute
user smsong #设置接入的用户名，在chap-secrets或者pap-secets中使用
0.0.0.0:0.0.0.0 #本地和远端的ip都设为0使得接入的isp分配本地的ip地址
ipcp-accept-local #要求peer也就是isp给自己非配动态的IP地址
#ipcp-accept-remote
#lcp-echo-failure 12
#lcp-echo-interval 3
noccp #不需要压缩控制协议，有可能对端不需要，根据自己的isp的情况
#novj
#novjccomp
persist #保证在连接断开的情况下不退出，并尝试重新打开连接
connect '/usr/sbin/chat -s -v -f /etc/ppp/gprs-connect-chat'
#pppd调用chat会话进程接入对端isp，启动对端的pppd，然后本地pppd与对端的pppd一起进行协
#商网络参数和chap/pap认证，成功后，再进行ncp层的ip的分配。

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#/etc/ppp/chap-secets
# Secrets for authentication using CHAP
# client server secret    IP addresses
####### redhat-config-network will overwrite this part!!! (begin) ##########

####### redhat-config-network will overwrite this part!!! (end) ############

smsong * 123456 *

有点地区的GPRS可能使用pap方式认证接入用户，所以在同一级目录下，创建pap-secets文件，内容与chap-secets类似有4项的内容第2和第4项一般不限制就用*（星号）代表。反正要你在/etc/ppp/下放着这两个文件就好。
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

在建立了ppp0连接以后可以使用ctrl+c或者下面的脚本程序ppp-off断开ppp连接

#/etc/ppp/ppp-off
#!/bin/sh
######################################################################
#
# Determine the device to be terminated.
#
if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
DEVICE=ppp0
else
DEVICE=$1
fi

######################################################################
#
# If the ppp0 pid file is present then the program is running. Stop it.
if [ -r /var/run/$DEVICE.pid ]; then
        kill -INT `cat /var/run/$DEVICE.pid`
#
# If the kill did not work then there is no process running for this
# pid. It may also mean that the lock file will be left. You may wish
# to delete the lock file at the same time.
        if [ ! "$?" = "0" ]; then
                rm -f /var/run/$DEVICE.pid
                echo "ERROR: Removed stale pid file"
                exit 1
        fi
#
# Success. Let pppd clean up its own junk.
        echo "PPP link to $DEVICE terminated."
        exit 0
fi
#
# The ppp process is not running for ppp0
echo "ERROR: PPP link is not active on $DEVICE"
exit 1
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
做好上面的配置以后，输入pppd call gprs命令，注意如果你的gprs这个文件不在/etc/ppp/peers/目录下，在给出标注路径给pppd

[root@localhost ppp_scripts]# pppd call gprs
timeout set to 15 seconds
abort on (/nBUSY/r)
abort on (/nNO ANSWER/r)
abort on (/nRINGING/r/n/r/nRINGING/r)
timeout set to 40 seconds
send (^MAT^M^M)
expect (OK)
^M^M
OK
-- got it

send (ATS0=0^M^M)
expect (OK)
^M
AT^M
OK
-- got it

send (ATE0V1^M^M)
expect (OK)
^M
^M^M
OK
-- got it

send (AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","CMNET"^M^M)
expect (OK)
^M
ATS0=0^M^M
OK
-- got it

send (ATDT*99***1#^M^M)
expect (CONNECT)
^M
^M^M
OK^M
ATE0V1^M^M
OK^M
^M
OK^M
^M
OK^M
^M
OK^M
^M
CONNECT
-- got it

send (^M)
Serial connection established.
using channel 20
Using interface ppp0
Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/ttyS0
Warning - secret file /etc/ppp/pap-secrets has world and/or group access
sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x60eeae90> <pcomp> <accomp>]
rcvd [LCP ConfRej id=0x1 <magic 0x60eeae90>]
sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x2 <asyncmap 0x0> <pcomp> <accomp>]
rcvd [LCP ConfAck id=0x2 <asyncmap 0x0> <pcomp> <accomp>]
rcvd [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <auth chap MD5> <pcomp> <accomp>]
sent [LCP ConfAck id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <auth chap MD5> <pcomp> <accomp>]
rcvd [CHAP Challenge id=0x1 <9da6cccb51534834ab1f037118ab33455632736e8a763a6e206b1f1666a4cfd7e881cac88916>, name = ""]
Warning - secret file /etc/ppp/chap-secrets has world and/or group access
sent [CHAP Response id=0x1 <da093b418f6931ac976e9481ce6f49c4>, name = "smsong"]
rcvd [CHAP Success id=0x1 ""]
CHAP authentication succeeded
CHAP authentication succeeded
sent [CCP ConfReq id=0x1 <deflate 15> <deflate(old#) 15>]
sent [IPCP ConfReq id=0x1 <compress VJ 0f 01> <addr 0.0.0.0> <ms-dns1 0.0.0.0> <ms-dns3 0.0.0.0>]
rcvd [LCP ProtRej id=0x1 80 fd 01 01 00 0c 1a 04 78 00 18 04 78 00]
Protocol-Reject for 'Compression Control Protocol' (0x80fd) received
rcvd [IPCP ConfReq id=0x1]
sent [IPCP ConfNak id=0x1 <addr 0.0.0.0>]
rcvd [IPCP ConfRej id=0x1 <compress VJ 0f 01>]
sent [IPCP ConfReq id=0x2 <addr 0.0.0.0> <ms-dns1 0.0.0.0> <ms-dns3 0.0.0.0>]
rcvd [IPCP ConfReq id=0x2]
sent [IPCP ConfAck id=0x2]
rcvd [IPCP ConfNak id=0x2 <addr 10.144.202.159> <ms-dns1 211.138.200.69> <ms-dns3 211.103.13.101>]
sent [IPCP ConfReq id=0x3 <addr 10.144.202.159> <ms-dns1 211.138.200.69> <ms-dns3 211.103.13.101>]
rcvd [IPCP ConfAck id=0x3 <addr 10.144.202.159> <ms-dns1 211.138.200.69> <ms-dns3 211.103.13.101>]
Could not determine remote IP address: defaulting to 10.64.64.64
local IP address 10.144.202.159
remote IP address 10.64.64.64
primary   DNS address 211.138.200.69
secondary DNS address 211.103.13.101
Script /etc/ppp/ip-up started (pid 4578)
Script /etc/ppp/ip-up finished (pid 4578), status = 0x0

使用ctrl+c可以断开连接，这样一般不太好测试是不是连接上了（遇有开发不上的控制台只有一个的原因），可以去掉/etc/ppp /peers/gprs文件中的nodetach参数，要用ping，你需要将eth0即网口给禁用掉，这样ping才会通过ppp0端口寻找路由连接外网。
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
可以用命令tail -f /var/log/messages看到日志：

Mar 20 20:55:55 localhost pppd[4557]: pppd 2.4.4 started by root, uid 0
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: timeout set to 15 seconds
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: abort on (/nBUSY/r)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: abort on (/nNO ANSWER/r)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: abort on (/nRINGING/r/n/r/nRINGING/r)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: timeout set to 40 seconds
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: send (^MAT^M^M)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: expect (OK)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: ^M^M
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: OK
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: -- got it
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: send (ATS0=0^M^M)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: expect (OK)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: ^M
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: AT^M
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: OK
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: -- got it
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: send (ATE0V1^M^M)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: expect (OK)
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: ^M
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: ^M^M
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: OK
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: -- got it
Mar 20 20:55:56 localhost chat[4558]: send (AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","CMNET"^M^M)
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: expect (OK)
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ATS0=0^M^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: OK
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: -- got it
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: send (ATDT*99***1#^M^M)
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: expect (CONNECT)
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ^M^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: OK^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ATE0V1^M^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: OK^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: OK^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: OK^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: OK^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: ^M
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: CONNECT
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: -- got it
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost chat[4558]: send (^M)
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost pppd[4557]: Serial connection established.
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost pppd[4557]: Using interface ppp0
Mar 20 20:55:57 localhost pppd[4557]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/ttyS0
Mar 20 20:55:58 localhost pppd[4557]: Warning - secret file /etc/ppp/pap-secrets has world and/or group access
Mar 20 20:56:00 localhost pppd[4557]: Warning - secret file /etc/ppp/chap-secrets has world and/or group access
Mar 20 20:56:00 localhost pppd[4557]: CHAP authentication succeeded
Mar 20 20:56:00 localhost pppd[4557]: CHAP authentication succeeded
Mar 20 20:56:01 localhost kernel: PPP Deflate Compression module registered
Mar 20 20:56:02 localhost pppd[4557]: Could not determine remote IP address: defaulting to 10.64.64.64
Mar 20 20:56:02 localhost pppd[4557]: local IP address 10.144.202.159
Mar 20 20:56:02 localhost pppd[4557]: remote IP address 10.64.64.64
Mar 20 20:56:02 localhost pppd[4557]: primary   DNS address 211.138.200.69
Mar 20 20:56:02 localhost pppd[4557]: secondary DNS address 211.103.13.101

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0A:EB:91:3B:C4
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
          Interrupt:209 Base address:0x4000

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
          RX packets:1240 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1240 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:2039094 (1.9 MiB) TX bytes:2039094 (1.9 MiB)

ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
          inet addr:10.144.202.159 P-t-P:10.64.64.64 Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
          RX bytes:62 (62.0 b) TX bytes:98 (98.0 b)

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 down      
禁用以太网接口eth0，使得不和ppp0接口使用时候的路由冲突
[root@localhost ~]# ping 211.136.20.203
PING 211.136.20.203 (211.136.20.203) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 211.136.20.203: icmp_seq=1 ttl=247 time=3379 ms
64 bytes from 211.136.20.203: icmp_seq=2 ttl=247 time=2388 ms
64 bytes from 211.136.20.203: icmp_seq=3 ttl=247 time=2892 ms
64 bytes from 211.136.20.203: icmp_seq=4 ttl=247 time=1952 ms
64 bytes from 211.136.20.203: icmp_seq=5 ttl=247 time=1692 ms
64 bytes from 211.136.20.203: icmp_seq=6 ttl=247 time=2112 ms
64 bytes from 211.136.20.203: icmp_seq=7 ttl=247 time=1492 ms
64 bytes from 211.136.20.203: icmp_seq=8 ttl=247 time=1472 ms

--- 211.136.20.203 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 8 received, 11% packet loss, time 7999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1472.094/2172.525/3379.568/638.150 ms, pipe 4

这个时候如果你只能ping纯的ip地址，而不能解析域名，这个时候你可能需要将/etc/ppp/resolv.conf（内容被新获得的 dns取代）内容拷贝到/etc/resolv.conf中或者做一个到/etc/resolv.conf的链接。这样就可以ping域名和在浏览器中打开网页啦。

[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (202.108.22.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=3142 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=3348 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=3 ttl=50 time=2796 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=4 ttl=50 time=3632 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=5 ttl=50 time=1936 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=7 ttl=50 time=909 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=6 ttl=50 time=1951 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=8 ttl=50 time=2839 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=9 ttl=50 time=1984 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=10 ttl=50 time=2404 ms
64 bytes from 202.108.22.5: icmp_seq=11 ttl=50 time=1417 ms

--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
12 packets transmitted, 11 received, 8% packet loss, time 13806ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 909.082/2396.720/3632.981/803.194 ms, pipe 4
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
另外，如果你希望一开机就可以自动拨号上网，只要在自己的开机启动脚本（我的开发板上是/etc/init.d/rcS,在pc上有好几个如：/etc /rc.local文件，做链接到cd /etc/rcN.d,N的选择看运行的级别）里面加上如下的语句，注意这个脚本里面的可执行程序给出的必须是据对路径，因为刚开机嘛，整个机子的环境变量还没有设置好。 还有不要在新加入的命令后面加&使得其变成后台进程，它会周期性执行，会出错！

添加的几条shell语句如下：                 
/etc/ppp/rmlock   #简单的一个判断并删除无效的串口的lock文件，保证成功拨号                 
/usr/bin/pppd call gprs    #自动拨号        
/usr/bin/sleep 20   #给它20s的拨号时间，看你的模块拨通的情况了。                       
/bin/qtopia & #这个是原来脚本里面有的，把它的顺序安排在这个位置，是为了在看到qt界面启    #动以后，真好gprs拨号已经建立号，也就可以上网了。                     
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 down #顺便开机禁用eth0网口

注：rmlock文件
#/etc/ppp/rmlock file
#!/bin/sh
if [ -f /var/lock/LCK..s3c2410_serial1 ]; then
/bin/rm -f /var/lock/LCK..s3c2410_serial1  
fi

如何解决pppd 运行的段错误:
当你手动中断ppp链接次数过多后，可能回出现pppd运行的段错误,

The suggestion from debian bug report solves this problem. It is pretty straightforward: Simply delete /var/run/pppd.tdb file (in my system, it is /var/run/pppd2.tdb).

总结：根据自己的环境和喜好选用其中一种拨号方式，wvdial的方式移植到arm开发板的时候，交叉编译的时候出错很多，可以试试，相对比较麻烦，而其它运行需要wvstreams的库的支持，占用空间大。第2中方式最常用，但是出错的可能性比较大，原因使其比较灵活，第3中跟第2中方式类似。在出错的时候可以到google上搜索同样的错误现象，参考并修改自己的参数，再分析尝试，只要坚持到底，才会真有收获！当时你要没有什么时间了也不想学习ppp的内部拨号机制，建议用windows把，那个封装的很好。稳定可靠！呵呵

祝：ppp&linux拨号的朋友好运！