配置snmp 和 mrtg

Ubuntu 10.04

 

安装snmpd(server端) 和 snmp(工具如snmpwalk)

 

编辑 vim /etc/default/snmpd

 

SNMPDOPTS='-Lsd -Lf /dev/null -u snmp -g snmp -I -smux -p /var/run/snmpd.pid 127.0.0.1'

改成

SNMPDOPTS='-Lsd -Lf /dev/null -u snmp -g snmp -I -smux -p /var/run/snmpd.pid'

这样就可以提供给外部接口调用，Ubuntu默认把snmp服务只对内服务

 

编辑vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf(最好先备份好原来的snmpd.conf文件)

把默认的项全部注释掉(按照它默认的不知道为什么搞不成功)

#1

com2sec notConfigUser  default       public

#2

group   notConfigGroup v1           notConfigUser

group   notConfigGroup v2c           notConfigUser

#3

view    systemview    included   .1.3.6.1.2.1.1

view    systemview    included   .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1

view    all included    .1

#4

access  notConfigGroup ""      any       noauth    exact  all none none

 

#下面这两个可以保留没影响

syslocation Unknown(mj) (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)

syscontact Root(mj) <root@localhost> (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)

 

/etc/init.d/snmpd restart 重启snmp服务

 

因为我们只关系cpu，内存等负载，所以不需要我们自己写脚本，snmp本身已经有这些功能，看后面常用OID

snmpwalk -v 1 -c public IP OID

例子:

snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 192.168.22.210 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.6.0

 

安装mrtg

创建/var/www/mrtg网页目录

编辑vim /etc/mrtg.cfg

mrtg.cfg可以使用cfgmaker生成

 

cfgmaker --global "WorkDir: /var/www/mrtg"
--global "Options[_]: growright,bits"
--ifref=ip
--output /etc/mrtg.cfg
[email protected]

 

cfgmaker --global "WorkDir: /var/www/mrtg"
--global "Options[_]: growright,bits"
--ifref=ip
[email protected]

我们把--output /etc/mrtg.cfg这个选项去掉，把结果直接输出到屏幕,如下

 

**************************************************************

 

# Created by
# /usr/bin/cfgmaker --ifref=ip [email protected]
 
 
### Global Config Options
 
#  for UNIX
# WorkDir: /home/http/mrtg
 
#  for Debian
WorkDir: /var/www/mrtg
 
#  or for NT
# WorkDir: c:/mrtgdata
 
### Global Defaults
 
#  to get bits instead of bytes and graphs growing to the right
# Options[_]: growright, bits
 
EnableIPv6: no
 
######################################################################
# System: mj-desktop
# Description: Linux mj-desktop 2.6.32-22-generic #36-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 3 22:02:19 UTC 2010 i686
# Contact: Root(mj) <root@localhost> (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
# Location: Unknown(mj) (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
######################################################################
 
 
### Interface 1 >> Descr: 'lo' | Name: 'lo' | Ip: '127.0.0.1' | Eth: '' ###
### The following interface is commented out because:
### * it is a Software Loopback interface
#
# Target[192.168.22.210_127.0.0.1]: /127.0.0.1:[email protected]:
# SetEnv[192.168.22.210_127.0.0.1]: MRTG_INT_IP="127.0.0.1" MRTG_INT_DESCR="lo"
# MaxBytes[192.168.22.210_127.0.0.1]: 1250000
# Title[192.168.22.210_127.0.0.1]: Traffic Analysis for 127.0.0.1 -- mj-desktop
# PageTop[192.168.22.210_127.0.0.1]: <h1>Traffic Analysis for 127.0.0.1 -- mj-desktop</h1>
#               <div id="sysdetails">
#                       <table>
#                               <tr>
#                                       <td>System:</td>
#                                       <td>mj-desktop in Unknown(mj) (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
#                               </tr>
#                               <tr>
#                                       <td>Maintainer:</td>
#                                       <td>Root(mj) &lt;root@localhost&gt; (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
#                               </tr>
#                               <tr>
#                                       <td>Description:</td>
#                                       <td>lo  </td>
#                               </tr>
#                               <tr>
#                                       <td>ifType:</td>
#                                       <td>softwareLoopback (24)</td>
#                               </tr>
#                               <tr>
#                                       <td>ifName:</td>
#                                       <td>lo</td>
#                               </tr>
#                               <tr>
#                                       <td>Max Speed:</td>
#                                       <td>1250.0 kBytes/s</td>
#                               </tr>
#                               <tr>
#                                       <td>Ip:</td>
#                                       <td>127.0.0.1 (localhost)</td>
#                               </tr>
#                       </table>
#               </div>
 
 
### Interface 2 >> Descr: 'eth0' | Name: 'eth0' | Ip: '192.168.22.210' | Eth: '08-00-27-f9-de-39' ###
 
Target[192.168.22.210_192.168.22.210]: /192.168.22.210:[email protected]:
SetEnv[192.168.22.210_192.168.22.210]: MRTG_INT_IP="192.168.22.210" MRTG_INT_DESCR="eth0"
MaxBytes[192.168.22.210_192.168.22.210]: 1250000
Title[192.168.22.210_192.168.22.210]: Traffic Analysis for 192.168.22.210 -- mj-desktop
PageTop[192.168.22.210_192.168.22.210]: <h1>Traffic Analysis for 192.168.22.210 -- mj-desktop</h1>
                <div id="sysdetails">
                        <table>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>System:</td>
                                        <td>mj-desktop in Unknown(mj) (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Maintainer:</td>
                                        <td>Root(mj) &lt;root@localhost&gt; (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Description:</td>
                                        <td>eth0  </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>ifType:</td>
                                        <td>ethernetCsmacd (6)</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>ifName:</td>
                                        <td>eth0</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Max Speed:</td>
                                        <td>1250.0 kBytes/s</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Ip:</td>
                                        <td>192.168.22.210 (mj-desktop.local)</td>
                                </tr>
                        </table>
                </div>

**************************************************************

上面产生的是针对192.168.22.210一台机的模板，我们把它保存成/etc/mrtg.conf，以此为模板慢慢建立起来

                <div id="sysdetails">这些网页代码前面要有tab，最好按照输出copy进去不要修改

 

#Options[_]: growright, bits 把注释去掉

 

默认是只监控目标机的eth0网卡，loopback本地网卡监控是注释掉的，这个不用修改

 

执行生成页面

indexmaker -output=/var/www/mrtg/index.html /etc/mrtg.cfg

env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg.cfg

 

可以把env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg.cfg加入到crontab里面定时执行(每个5分钟执行一次)

*/5 * * * * env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg.cfg

 

最后访问http://localhost/mrtg/

 

上面只是针对一台目标机器，我们可以继续上面的cfgmaker来产生再多一台目标机器，把结果输出到屏幕，然后在把对应的项添加到原有的mrtg.conf文件里面

 

我们在监控网络流量的基础上添加其它应用

 

(自己写脚本，数据不准确，仅供学习)

#建立一个内存使用情况

/home/mj/mem.sh

#!/bin/sh
total=`snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 192.168.22.210 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.5.0 | awk '{printf("%d/n",$4/1024);}'`
free=`snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 192.168.22.210 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.6.0 | awk '{printf("%d/n",$4/1024);}'`
echo $(($total-$free))
echo 0

 

Target[mem]: ` /home/mj/mem.sh `
MaxBytes[mem]: 1024
Title[mem]: Memory State of WY1 IP 192.168.22.210 Server
PageTop[mem]: <H1>Memory State of WY1 IP 192.168.22.210 Server</H1>
ShortLegend[mem]: MB
kmg[mem]: MB
kilo[mem]: 1024
YLegend[mem]: Memory Usage
Options[mem]: growright,gauge,nopercent

 

#建立一个cpu使用情况
Target[cpu]: `snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 192.168.22.210 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.11.0 | awk '{printf("%d/n%d/n",100-$4,0);}'`
MaxBytes[cpu]: 100
Title[cpu]: CPU State of WY1 IP 192.168.22.210 Server
PageTop[cpu]:<H1>CPU State of WY1 IP 192.168.13.103 Server</H1>
kmg[cpu]: %
YLegend[cpu]: CPU Usage
Options[cpu]: growright,gauge,nopercent

 

 

这里有个地方要注意是，就是target里面的值必须是两行的，可以加上一个print 0上去，否则执行

env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg.cfg会返回

Expected a Number for 'out' but nothing'错误

原因是   

Your script must return at  least two values on separate lines, just add
'echo "0"' or something to the end of the script.

http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/nable-mrtg.en.html#nabble-td831392

 

(下面是mrtg提供的sample)

#cpu

LoadMIBs: /usr/share/snmp/mibs/UCD-SNMP-MIB.txt
Target[185cpu]:ssCpuRawUser.0&ssCpuRawUser.0:[email protected] + ssCpuRawSystem.0&ssCpuRawSystem.0:[email protected] + ssCpuRawNice.0&ssCpuRawNice.0:[email protected]
RouterUptime[185cpu]: [email protected]
MaxBytes[185cpu]: 100
Title[185cpu]: CPU Load
PageTop[185cpu]: <H1>Active CPU Load %</H1>
Unscaled[185cpu]: ymwd
ShortLegend[185cpu]: %
YLegend[185cpu]: CPU Utilization
Legend1[185cpu]: Active CPU in % (Load)
Legend2[185cpu]:
Legend3[185cpu]:
Legend4[185cpu]:
LegendI[185cpu]: Active
LegendO[185cpu]:
Options[185cpu]: growright,nopercent

 

target是各个值加起来，要把它写成一行

 

#mem

LoadMIBs: /usr/share/snmp/mibs/HOST-RESOURCES-MIB.txt
Target[185mem]:(memTotalReal.0&memTotalReal.0:[email protected] - memAvailReal.0&memAvailReal.0:[email protected])*100/(memTotalReal.0&memTotalReal.0:[email protected])
Title[185mem]: Percentage Used Memory
PageTop[185mem]: <H1>Percentage Used Memory</H1>
options[185mem]: growright,gauge,transparent,nopercent
Unscaled[185mem]: ymwd
MaxBytes[185mem]: 100
YLegend[185mem]: Memory %
ShortLegend[185mem]: Percent
LegendI[185mem]: Used
LegendO[185mem]: Used
Legend1[185mem]: Percentage Used Memory
Legend2[185mem]: Percentage Used Memory

 

最好上网查找mrtg的现成例子,如net，cpu，mem负载，tcp连接数等等,还有就是记得target里面的空格之类的多余符号可能会导致生成页面失败