Android软件开发之ListView 详解

Android软件开发之ListView 详解

雨松MOMO原创文章如转载，请注明：转载自雨松MOMO的博客原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/xys289187120/article/details/6636139

ListView的使用方法

ListView是Android软件开发中非常重要组件之一，基本上是个软件基本都会使用ListView ，今天我通过一个demo来教大家怎么样使用ListView组件 绘制出漂亮的列表，说道ListView就不得不说Adapter适配器，因为只有通过Adapter才可以把列表中的数据映射到ListView中。
在android的开发中最Adapter 一共可以分为
 ArrayAdapter<T>,
 BaseAdapter, 
CursorAdapter,
 HeaderViewListAdapter, 
 ResourceCursorAdapter,
 SimpleAdapter,
 SimpleCursorAdapter,
 WrapperListAdapter
软件开发中最常用的有ArrayAdapter<T>, BaseAdapter, SimpleAdapter，今天我用一段代码向大家诠释如何使用ListView控件。

1.简单的ListView

       在List列表中如果不存在过于复杂的东西 我们可以直接去new ArrayAdapter() 来绘制列表，无须继承ArrayAdapter，重写它的方法。但是如果列表中过于复杂的话就需要使用自定义布局来实现List列表。

 public class SimpleList extends ListActivity {
     private String[] mListStr = {"姓名：雨松MOMO","性别：男","年龄：25","居住地：北京","邮箱：[email protected]"};
     ListView mListView = null;
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     mListView = getListView();
     setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                 android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mListStr));
     mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
         @Override
         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
             long id) {
         Toast.makeText(SimpleList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
         }
     });

     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     }
 }

2.带标题的ListView列表

      使用 simpleAdapter 需要注意的是须要用Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项的显示的title与text , new SimpleAdapter的时候将map中的数据写入 ，程序就会帮我们绘制列表了。

 public class TitleList extends ListActivity {
     private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
     private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
         "[email protected]" };
     ListView mListView = null;
     ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;

     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     mListView = getListView();

     int lengh = mListTitle.length;
     for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
         Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
         item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
         item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
         mData.add(item);
     }
     SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,
         new String[]{"title","text"},new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});
         setListAdapter(adapter);
     mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
         @Override
         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
             long id) {
         Toast.makeText(TitleList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
         }
     });
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     }
 }

3.带图片的ListView列表

        使用 simpleAdapter 来操作 但是构造simpleAdapter的时候须要使用我们自己写的布局来完成 ，因为系统的布局已经不能满足需求了，同样Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项须要的显示内容 如 图片 标题 内容等。

添加我们自己的列表布局 图片 标题 内容 

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

 <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight">
     <ImageView android:id="@+id/image"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
         android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
         android:adjustViewBounds="true"
         android:padding="2dip" />
     <TextView android:id="@+id/title"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"
         android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
         android:layout_above="@+id/text"
         android:layout_alignWithParentIfMissing="true" android:gravity="center_vertical"
         android:textSize="15dip" />
     <TextView android:id="@+id/text"
         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image"
         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
         android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
         android:ellipsize="marquee"
         android:textSize="20dip" />
 </RelativeLayout>

 public class IconList extends ListActivity {
     private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
     private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
         "[email protected]" };
     ListView mListView = null;
     ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;

     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     mListView = getListView();

     int lengh = mListTitle.length;
     for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {
         Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();
         item.put("image", R.drawable.jay);
         item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);
         item.put("text", mListStr[i]);
         mData.add(item);
     }
     SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,R.layout.iconlist,
         new String[]{"image","title","text"},new int[]{R.id.image,R.id.title,R.id.text});
         setListAdapter(adapter);
     mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
         @Override
         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
             long id) {
         Toast.makeText(IconList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
         }
     });
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     }
 }

4.自定义布局BaseAdapter修改列表颜色

       因为通过直接 构造系统的布局来绘制列表方法肯定是有限的，所以我们需要重写绘制方法 ，写一个类去继承BaseAdapter 并实现这个类中的方法，listView在一开始绘制的时候首先会调用getCout()方法得到绘制次数 ，然后会实例化自己定义的BaseAdapter通过getView()方法一层一层绘制ListView,所以我们可以在这里面根据position(当前绘制的ID)来任意的修改绘制的内容，做出好看漂亮的ListView,下面这个例子我通过重写getView修改每个列表的颜色 并且实现用户选中后成高亮状态。

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

 <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">
     <ImageView android:id="@+id/color_image"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
         android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
         android:adjustViewBounds="true"
         android:padding="2dip" />
     <TextView android:id="@+id/color_title"
         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"
         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
         android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
         android:ellipsize="marquee"
         android:textSize="15dip"  />
     <TextView android:id="@+id/color_text"
         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image"
         android:layout_below="@+id/color_title"
         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
         android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
         android:singleLine="true"
         android:ellipsize="marquee"
         android:textSize="20dip" />
 </RelativeLayout>

 public class ColorList extends ListActivity {
     private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
     private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
         "[email protected]" };
     ListView mListView = null;
     MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     mListView = getListView();
     myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this);
     setListAdapter(myAdapter);
     mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
         @Override
         public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,
             long id) {
         View v=adapterView.getChildAt(position);
         v.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
         Toast.makeText(ColorList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
         }
     });

     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     }

     class MyListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
     private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };
     public MyListAdapter(Context context) {
         mContext = context;
     }

     public int getCount() {
         return mListStr.length;
     }

     @Override
     public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
         return false;
     }

     public Object getItem(int position) {
         return position;
     }

     public long getItemId(int position) {
         return position;
     }

     public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
         ImageView iamge = null;
         TextView title = null;
         TextView text = null;
         if (convertView == null) {
         convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.colorlist, null);
         iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_image);
         title =(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_title);
         text= (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_text);
         }
         int colorPos = position % colors.length;
         convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);
         title.setText(mListTitle[position]);
         text.setText(mListStr[position]);
          iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);
         return convertView;
     }

     private Context mContext;
     }
 }

5.自定义布局ArrayAdapter 
        ArrayAdapter是BaseAdapter的子类，ArrayAdapter不仅具有BaseAdapter的所有方法还自定义了一些新的方法来处理列表项，所以单纯的从功能能上来讲ArrayAdapter远远强与BaseAdapter，如果是绘制一些数量比较少的列表建议使用BaseAdapter 如果绘制一些比较复杂的列表项 并且列表项很多的 建议使用ArrayAdapter。

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

 <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content">
     <Button
         android:id="@+id/array_button"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:text="一个按钮"
     />
     <ImageView android:id="@+id/array_image"
         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_button"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
         android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
         android:adjustViewBounds="true"
         android:padding="2dip" />
     <TextView android:id="@+id/array_title"
         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image"
         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
         android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true"
         android:ellipsize="marquee"
         android:textSize="15dip"  />
     <TextView android:id="@+id/array_text"
         android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image"
         android:layout_below="@+id/array_title"
         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
         android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
         android:singleLine="true"
         android:ellipsize="marquee"
         android:textSize="20dip" />

 </RelativeLayout>

 public class ArrayList extends ListActivity {
     private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};
     private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",
         "[email protected]" };
     ListView mListView = null;
     MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;
     ArrayList arrayList = null;
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     arrayList = this;
     mListView = getListView();
     myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this,R.layout.arraylist);
     setListAdapter(myAdapter);
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     }

     public class MyListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Object> {
     int mTextViewResourceID = 0;
     private Context mContext;
     public MyListAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId) {
         super(context, textViewResourceId);
         mTextViewResourceID = textViewResourceId;
         mContext = context;
     }

     private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };

     public int getCount() {
         return mListStr.length;
     }

     @Override
     public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {
         return false;
     }

     public Object getItem(int position) {
         return position;
     }

     public long getItemId(int position) {
         return position;
     }

     public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
         ImageView iamge = null;
         TextView title = null;
         TextView text = null;
         Button button = null;
         if (convertView == null) {
         convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(
             mTextViewResourceID, null);
         iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_image);
         title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_title);
         text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_text);
         button = (Button)convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_button);
         button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

             @Override
             public void onClick(View arg0) {
             Toast.makeText(arrayList,"您点击的第"+position +"个按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

             }
         });
         }
         int colorPos = position % colors.length;
         convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);
         title.setText(mListTitle[position]);
         text.setText(mListStr[position]);
         if(colorPos == 0)
         iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);
         else
         iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.image);
         return convertView;
     }
     }
 }