谁是傅里叶?
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier(1768-1830),一个法国的数学家、物理学家
傅里叶认为:任何连续周期信号都可以由一组适当的正弦曲线组合而成。
拉格朗日认为:正弦曲线无法组合成一个带有棱角的信号(如垂直的方波中非连续变化的斜率)。
傅里叶认为:可以用正弦曲线来非常逼近地表示它(带棱角的信号),逼近到两种表示方法不存在能量差别。
为什么需要傅里叶变换?
个人认为:它首先是一种描述性的工具,把用多个不同的正弦波来描述(逼近)一个函数曲线变成了可能
1. 为了把信号从时域转变成频域来进行分析(物理意义)
2. 为了用多个正弦波叠加来模拟函数曲线 (几何意义、数学意义)
3. 这是一种化繁为简的方式,将看似没有规律的复杂事物用有规律的东西进行表达
什么是时域?
y=F(t),x坐标是t,y坐标是结果值。按采样时间来分类来描述一件事
什么是频域?
y=F(f),x坐标是f,y坐标是结果值。按分解频率来分类来描述一件事
傅里叶变换是什么东西?
概念理解:
映射:多个入参 → 一个输出,一个入参 → 一个输出,但是不能是一个入参 → 多个输出
变换:一种数据的转换形式,把一堆数据变成另外一堆数据,可以是 一个入参 → 多个输出
什么是离散傅里叶变换?
DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform)
为了计算机能够计算,特点:离散性、周期性、有限长度
什么是逆傅里叶变换?
IFT(Inverse Fourier Transform)
傅里叶变换的反操作,即给定一组傅里叶变换的数据,可以重建得到原始数据。
什么是快速傅里叶变换?
FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)
一种更快地计算傅里叶变换的方法,得到的结果和傅里叶变换完全相同,其本身并不是一种新的或不同的变换[Cooley,1965]。当然也分为正向和逆向变换。
如果用传统的算法进行离散傅里叶变换,速度相对较慢,时间复杂度为O(n*n),若采用FFT,时间复杂度为O(n*logn)。
FFT使得离散傅立叶变换的计算量减少了几个数量级,使计算机实现实时处理成为可能。
快速傅里叶变换的改进点?
1. 编程技巧(例如在循环外部提前计算一些值)
2. 数学技巧
(可以参考wiki:http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/快速傅里叶变换
或文献:Bracewell, 1965; Brigham, 1974)
一维的傅里叶变换:
入参:一维数组,长度为N,[0]离散的函数曲线描点的y值
出参:二维数组,长度为N,[0]实部,[1]虚部
做傅里叶变换时,实部虚部幅值为什么和采样频率有关呢?
z = a + bi
z[n] = a[n]+b[n]i
复数和正弦函数的关系:
z = a + bi = r(cosθ + isinθ)
r = sqrt(a*a + b*b)
cosθ = a/r
sinθ = b/r
θ = atan2(b,a)
定义:
n: 第n个采样点索引(从1开始)
N: 为采样点总个数
Fs: 采样频率(hz)
香农采样定理:
为了不失真地恢复模拟信号,采样频率应该不小于模拟信号频谱中最高频率的2倍。
Fs≥2*Fmax,采样率的提高要求转换电路必须具有更快的转换速度。
根据香农采样定理,所以Fs = 2 * F (hz),或 Fs = 2 * F + 1 (hz)
傅里叶变换后得到的复数的物理意义?
由得到的复数可以推到出正弦函数的振幅、频率、相位等参数,这样就可以达到用正弦函数来近似描述曲线的目的。
振幅:A[n] = sqrt(a*a + b*b) / (n/2)
频率:F[n] = (n-1)*Fs/N
相位:P[n] = atan2(b, a) (单位弧度)
参考资料:
理解离散傅立叶变换(一. 傅立叶变换的由来)
http://blog.csdn.net/dznlong/article/details/2261150
FFT结果的物理意义
http://bbs.ednchina.com/BLOG_ARTICLE_182751.HTM
下面是我使用OpenCV做的一个离散傅里叶变换的测试:
void test_dft1() { int i,j; CvScalar s, s1; double p; CvMat* a; a = cvCreateMat(1024, 1, CV_32FC2); // 32bit F浮点数 2表示复数 const double PI = 3.1415926535897932385; for(int i=0; i<1024; i++) { s.val[0] = 2.0 * sin(2.0* PI * i / 128.0) + 5.0; s.val[1] = 0.0; cvSet1D(a, i, s); } cvDFT(a, a, CV_DXT_FORWARD, 0); for(int i=0; i<1024; i++) { s = cvGet1D(a, i); printf("[%d] a=%10f, b=%10f\n",i, s.val[0], s.val[1]); } double ret = atan2(-1024, 0.0); double angle = ret / PI * 180; //等待按键事件 cvWaitKey(); }
使用FFT获得的数据:
[0] a=5120.000000, b= 0.000000 [1] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [2] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [3] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [4] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [5] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [6] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [7] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [8] a= 0.000000, b=-1024.000000 [9] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [10] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [11] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [12] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [13] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [14] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [15] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [16] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [17] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [18] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [19] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [20] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [21] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [22] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [23] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [24] a= 0.000006, b= 0.000020 [25] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [26] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [27] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [28] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [29] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [30] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [31] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [32] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [33] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [34] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [35] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [36] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [37] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [38] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [39] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [40] a= -0.000003, b= 0.000009 [41] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [42] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [43] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [44] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [45] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [46] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [47] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [48] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [49] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [50] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [51] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [52] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [53] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [54] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [55] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [56] a= -0.000003, b= -0.000007 [57] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [58] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [59] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [60] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [61] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [62] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [63] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [64] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [65] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [66] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [67] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [68] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [69] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [70] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [71] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [72] a= -0.000002, b= -0.000016 [73] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [74] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [75] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [76] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [77] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [78] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [79] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [80] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [81] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [82] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [83] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [84] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [85] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [86] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [87] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [88] a= 0.000001, b= 0.000004 [89] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [90] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [91] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [92] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [93] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [94] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [95] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [96] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [97] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [98] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [99] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [100] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [101] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [102] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [103] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [104] a= -0.000003, b= -0.000007 [105] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [106] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [107] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [108] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [109] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [110] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [111] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [112] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [113] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [114] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [115] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [116] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [117] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [118] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [119] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [120] a= 0.000004, b= -0.000014 [121] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [122] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [123] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [124] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [125] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [126] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [127] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [128] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [129] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [130] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [131] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [132] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [133] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [134] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [135] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [136] a= -0.000002, b= -0.000003 [137] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [138] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [139] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [140] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [141] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [142] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [143] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [144] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [145] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [146] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [147] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [148] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [149] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [150] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [151] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [152] a= 0.000002, b= -0.000008 [153] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [154] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [155] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [156] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [157] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [158] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [159] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [160] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [161] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [162] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [163] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [164] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [165] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [166] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [167] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [168] a= 0.000001, b= -0.000009 [169] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [170] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [171] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [172] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [173] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [174] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [175] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [176] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [177] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [178] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [179] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [180] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [181] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [182] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [183] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [184] a= -0.000001, b= -0.000014 [185] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [186] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [187] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [188] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [189] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [190] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [191] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [192] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [193] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [194] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [195] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [196] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [197] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [198] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [199] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [200] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [201] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [202] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [203] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [204] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [205] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [206] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [207] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [208] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [209] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [210] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [211] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [212] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [213] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [214] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [215] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [216] a= 0.000005, b= 0.000008 [217] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [218] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [219] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [220] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [221] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [222] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [223] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [224] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [225] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [226] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [227] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [228] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [229] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [230] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [231] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [232] a= -0.000002, b= -0.000007 [233] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [234] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [235] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [236] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [237] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [238] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [239] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [240] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [241] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [242] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [243] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [244] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [245] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [246] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [247] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [248] a= -0.000030, b= -0.000003 [249] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [250] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [251] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [252] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [253] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [254] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [255] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [256] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [257] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [258] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [259] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [260] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [261] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [262] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [263] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [264] a= 0.000031, b= -0.000033 [265] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [266] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [267] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [268] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [269] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [270] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [271] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [272] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [273] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [274] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [275] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [276] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [277] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [278] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [279] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [280] a= -0.000001, b= -0.000011 [281] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [282] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [283] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [284] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [285] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [286] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [287] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [288] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [289] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [290] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [291] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [292] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [293] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [294] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [295] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [296] a= 0.000002, b= -0.000010 [297] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [298] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [299] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [300] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [301] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [302] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [303] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [304] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [305] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [306] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [307] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [308] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [309] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [310] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [311] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [312] a= -0.000009, b= 0.000003 [313] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [314] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [315] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [316] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [317] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [318] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [319] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [320] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [321] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [322] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [323] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [324] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [325] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [326] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [327] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [328] a= 0.000010, b= 0.000019 [329] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [330] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [331] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [332] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [333] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [334] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [335] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [336] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [337] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [338] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [339] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [340] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [341] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [342] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [343] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [344] a= -0.000006, b= 0.000012 [345] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [346] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [347] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [348] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [349] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [350] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [351] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [352] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [353] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [354] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [355] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [356] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [357] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [358] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [359] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [360] a= -0.000005, b= 0.000022 [361] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [362] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [363] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [364] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [365] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [366] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [367] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [368] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [369] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [370] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [371] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [372] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [373] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [374] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [375] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [376] a= -0.000012, b= 0.000003 [377] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [378] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [379] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [380] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [381] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [382] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [383] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [384] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [385] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [386] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [387] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [388] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [389] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [390] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [391] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [392] a= 0.000013, b= -0.000008 [393] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [394] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [395] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [396] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [397] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [398] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [399] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [400] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [401] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [402] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [403] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [404] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [405] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [406] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [407] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [408] a= 0.000001, b= -0.000018 [409] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [410] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [411] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [412] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [413] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [414] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [415] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [416] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [417] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [418] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [419] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [420] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [421] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [422] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [423] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [424] a= -0.000001, b= 0.000007 [425] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [426] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [427] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [428] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [429] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [430] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [431] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [432] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [433] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [434] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [435] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [436] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [437] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [438] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [439] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [440] a= 0.000008, b= -0.000017 [441] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [442] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [443] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [444] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [445] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [446] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [447] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [448] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [449] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [450] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [451] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [452] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [453] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [454] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [455] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [456] a= -0.000003, b= 0.000022 [457] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [458] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [459] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [460] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [461] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [462] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [463] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [464] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [465] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [466] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [467] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [468] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [469] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [470] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [471] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [472] a= 0.000002, b= 0.000007 [473] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [474] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [475] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [476] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [477] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [478] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [479] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [480] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [481] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [482] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [483] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [484] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [485] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [486] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [487] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [488] a= -0.000000, b= 0.000010 [489] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [490] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [491] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [492] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [493] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [494] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [495] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [496] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [497] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [498] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [499] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [500] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [501] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [502] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [503] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [504] a= -0.000006, b= 0.000031 [505] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [506] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [507] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [508] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [509] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [510] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [511] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [512] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [513] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [514] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [515] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [516] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [517] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [518] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [519] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [520] a= -0.000006, b= -0.000031 [521] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [522] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [523] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [524] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [525] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [526] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [527] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [528] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [529] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [530] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [531] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [532] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [533] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [534] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [535] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [536] a= -0.000000, b= -0.000010 [537] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [538] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [539] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [540] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [541] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [542] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [543] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [544] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [545] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [546] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [547] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [548] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [549] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [550] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [551] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [552] a= 0.000002, b= -0.000007 [553] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [554] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [555] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [556] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [557] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [558] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [559] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [560] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [561] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [562] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [563] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [564] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [565] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [566] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [567] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [568] a= -0.000003, b= -0.000022 [569] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [570] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [571] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [572] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [573] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [574] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [575] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [576] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [577] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [578] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [579] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [580] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [581] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [582] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [583] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [584] a= 0.000008, b= 0.000017 [585] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [586] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [587] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [588] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [589] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [590] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [591] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [592] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [593] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [594] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [595] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [596] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [597] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [598] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [599] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [600] a= -0.000001, b= -0.000007 [601] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [602] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [603] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [604] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [605] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [606] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [607] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [608] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [609] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [610] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [611] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [612] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [613] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [614] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [615] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [616] a= 0.000001, b= 0.000018 [617] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [618] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [619] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [620] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [621] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [622] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [623] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [624] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [625] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [626] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [627] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [628] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [629] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [630] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [631] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [632] a= 0.000013, b= 0.000008 [633] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [634] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [635] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [636] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [637] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [638] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [639] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [640] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [641] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [642] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [643] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [644] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [645] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [646] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [647] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [648] a= -0.000012, b= -0.000003 [649] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [650] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [651] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [652] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [653] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [654] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [655] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [656] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [657] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [658] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [659] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [660] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [661] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [662] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [663] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [664] a= -0.000005, b= -0.000022 [665] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [666] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [667] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [668] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [669] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [670] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [671] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [672] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [673] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [674] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [675] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [676] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [677] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [678] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [679] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [680] a= -0.000006, b= -0.000012 [681] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [682] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [683] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [684] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [685] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [686] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [687] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [688] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [689] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [690] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [691] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [692] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [693] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [694] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [695] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [696] a= 0.000010, b= -0.000019 [697] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [698] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [699] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [700] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [701] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [702] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [703] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [704] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [705] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [706] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [707] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [708] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [709] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [710] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [711] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [712] a= -0.000009, b= -0.000003 [713] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [714] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [715] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [716] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [717] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [718] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [719] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [720] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [721] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [722] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [723] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [724] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [725] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [726] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [727] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [728] a= 0.000002, b= 0.000010 [729] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [730] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [731] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [732] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [733] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [734] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [735] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [736] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [737] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [738] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [739] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [740] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [741] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [742] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [743] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [744] a= -0.000001, b= 0.000011 [745] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [746] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [747] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [748] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [749] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [750] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [751] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [752] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [753] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [754] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [755] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [756] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [757] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [758] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [759] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [760] a= 0.000031, b= 0.000033 [761] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [762] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [763] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [764] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [765] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [766] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [767] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [768] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [769] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [770] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [771] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [772] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [773] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [774] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [775] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [776] a= -0.000030, b= 0.000003 [777] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [778] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [779] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [780] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [781] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [782] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [783] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [784] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [785] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [786] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [787] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [788] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [789] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [790] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [791] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [792] a= -0.000002, b= 0.000007 [793] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [794] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [795] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [796] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [797] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [798] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [799] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [800] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [801] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [802] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [803] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [804] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [805] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [806] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [807] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [808] a= 0.000005, b= -0.000008 [809] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [810] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [811] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [812] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [813] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [814] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [815] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [816] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [817] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [818] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [819] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [820] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [821] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [822] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [823] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [824] a= 0.000000, b= -0.000000 [825] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [826] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [827] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [828] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [829] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [830] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [831] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [832] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [833] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [834] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [835] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [836] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [837] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [838] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [839] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [840] a= -0.000001, b= 0.000014 [841] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [842] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [843] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [844] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [845] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [846] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [847] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [848] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [849] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [850] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [851] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [852] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [853] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [854] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [855] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [856] a= 0.000001, b= 0.000009 [857] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [858] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [859] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [860] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [861] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [862] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [863] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [864] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [865] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [866] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [867] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [868] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [869] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [870] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [871] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [872] a= 0.000002, b= 0.000008 [873] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [874] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [875] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [876] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [877] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [878] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [879] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [880] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [881] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [882] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [883] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [884] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [885] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [886] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [887] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [888] a= -0.000002, b= 0.000003 [889] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [890] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [891] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [892] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [893] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [894] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [895] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [896] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [897] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [898] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [899] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [900] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [901] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [902] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [903] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [904] a= 0.000004, b= 0.000014 [905] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [906] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [907] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [908] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [909] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [910] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [911] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [912] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [913] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [914] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [915] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [916] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [917] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [918] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [919] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [920] a= -0.000003, b= 0.000007 [921] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [922] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [923] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [924] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [925] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [926] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [927] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [928] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [929] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [930] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [931] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [932] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [933] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [934] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [935] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [936] a= 0.000001, b= -0.000004 [937] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [938] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [939] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [940] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [941] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [942] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [943] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [944] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [945] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [946] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [947] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [948] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [949] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [950] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [951] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [952] a= -0.000002, b= 0.000016 [953] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [954] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [955] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [956] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [957] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [958] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [959] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [960] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [961] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [962] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [963] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [964] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [965] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [966] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [967] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [968] a= -0.000003, b= 0.000007 [969] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [970] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [971] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [972] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [973] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [974] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [975] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [976] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [977] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [978] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [979] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [980] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [981] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [982] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [983] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [984] a= -0.000003, b= -0.000009 [985] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [986] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [987] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [988] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [989] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [990] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [991] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [992] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [993] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [994] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [995] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [996] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [997] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [998] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [999] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1000] a= 0.000006, b= -0.000020 [1001] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1002] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1003] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1004] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1005] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1006] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1007] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1008] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1009] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1010] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1011] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1012] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1013] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1014] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1015] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1016] a= 0.000000, b=1024.000000 [1017] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1018] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1019] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1020] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1021] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1022] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000 [1023] a= 0.000000, b= 0.000000
结果分析: [0] a=5120.000000, b= 0.000000 [8] a= 0.000000, b=-1024.000000 s.val[0] = 2.0 * sin(2.0* PI * i / 128.0) + 5.0; A = 2.0; F = 1.0 / 128 P = 0;(余弦) -> P2 = -90°(正弦) --------------------------------------- 取结果的一半:从0~N/2 (对称性) 直流分量: a[0] / N = 5120/1024 = 5.0 Fs = 1 (1hz) Fs[n] = (n+1)*1; A[8] = sqrt(0*0 + 1024*1024) / (N/2) = 1024 / (1024/2) = 2 F[8] = (9-1)*1/1024 = 8 / 1024 = 1/128 P[8] = atan2(1024,0) = -90° 所以,原式为: y = 5.0 + 2.0 * sin(2.0* PI * x / 128.0)
课外阅读拓展:
斯坦福大学公开课:傅里叶变换及其应用
http://v.163.com/special/opencourse/fouriertransforms.html