集群环境:
1 NameNode(真实主机):
Linux yan-Server 3.4.36-gentoo #3 SMP Mon Apr 1 14:09:12 CST 2013 x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) X4 750K Quad Core Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux
2 DataNode1(虚拟机):
Linux node1 3.5.0-23-generic #35~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 25 17:13:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
3 DataNode2(虚拟机):
Linux node2 3.5.0-23-generic #35~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 25 17:13:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
4 DataNode3(虚拟机):
Linux node3 3.5.0-23-generic #35~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 25 17:13:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
1.安装VirtualBox虚拟机
Gentoo下直接命令编译安装,或者官网下载二进制安装包直接安装:
emerge -av virtualbox
2.虚拟机下安装Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
使用Ubuntu镜像安装完成后,然后再克隆另外两台虚拟主机(这里会遇到克隆的主机启动的时候主机名和MAC地址会是一样的,局域网会造成冲突)
主机名修改文件
/etc/hostname
MAC地址修改需要先删除文件
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
然后在启动之前设置VirtualBox虚拟机的MAC地址
启动后会自动生成删除的文件,配置网卡的MAC地址。
为了更方便的在各主机之间共享文件,可以启动主机yan-Server的NFS,将命令加入/etc/rc.local中,让客户端自动挂载NFS目录。
删除各虚拟机的NetworkManager,手动设置静态的IP地址,例如node2主机的/etc/network/interfaces文件配置如下:
- auto lo
- iface lo inet loopback
- auto eth0
- iface eth0 inet static
- address 192.168.137.202
- gateway 192.168.137.1
- netmask 255.255.255.0
- network 192.168.137.0
- broadcast 192.168.137.255
主机的基本环境设置完毕,下面是主机对应的IP地址
类型 |
主机名 |
IP |
NameNode |
yan-Server |
192.168.137.100 |
DataNode |
node1 |
192.168.137.201 |
DataNode |
node2 |
192.168.137.202 |
DataNode |
node3 |
192.168.137.203 |
为了节省资源,可以设置虚拟机默认启动字符界面,然后通过主机的TERMINAL ssh远程登录。(SSH已经启动服务,允许远程登录,安装方法不再赘述)
设置方式是修改/etc/default/grub文件将下面的一行解除注释
GRUB_TERMINAL=console
然后update-grub即可。
3.Hadoop环境的配置
3.1配置JDK环境(之前就做好了,这里不再赘述)
3.2在官网下载Hadoop,然后解压到/opt/目录下面(这里使用的是hadoop-2.0.4-alpha)
然后进入目录/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/etc/hadoop,配置hadoop文件
修改文件hadoop-env.sh
- export HADOOP_FREFIX=/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha
- export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
- export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
- export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/bin
- export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/sbin
- export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
- export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
- export HADOOP_CONF_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/etc/hadoop
- export YARN_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/etc/hadoop
- export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_21
修改文件hdfs-site.xml
- <configuration>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
- <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/workspace/name</value>
- <description>Determines where on the local filesystem the DFS name node should store the
- name table.If this is a comma-delimited list of directories,then name table is
- replicated in all of the directories,for redundancy.</description>
- <final>true</final>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
- <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/workspace/data</value>
- <description>Determines where on the local filesystem an DFS data node should
- store its blocks.If this is a comma-delimited list of directories,then data will
- be stored in all named directories,typically on different devices.Directories that do not exist are ignored.
- </description>
- <final>true</final>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.replication</name>
- <value>1</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.permission</name>
- <value>false</value>
- </property>
- </configuration>
修改文件mapred-site.xml
- <configuration>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
- <value>yarn</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.job.tracker</name>
- <value>hdfs://yan-Server:9001</value>
- <final>true</final>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.map.memory.mb</name>
- <value>1536</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.map.java.opts</name>
- <value>-Xmx1024M</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb</name>
- <value>3072</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.reduce.java.opts</name>
- <value>-Xmx2560M</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.task.io.sort.mb</name>
- <value>512</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.task.io.sort.factor</name>
- <value>100</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.parallelcopies</name>
- <value>50</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapred.system.dir</name>
- <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/workspace/systemdir</value>
- <final>true</final>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapred.local.dir</name>
- <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/workspace/localdir</value>
- <final>true</final>
- </property>
- </configuration>
修改文件yarn-env.xml
- export HADOOP_FREFIX=/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha
- export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
- export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
- export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/bin
- export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_FREFIX/sbin
- export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
- export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}
- export HADOOP_CONF_HOME=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/etc/hadoop
- export YARN_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_FREFIX}/etc/hadoop
- export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_21
修改文件yarn-site.xml
- <configuration>
- <property>
- <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
- <value>yan-Server:8080</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
- <value>yan-Server:8081</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
- <value>yan-Server:8082</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
- <value>mapreduce.shuffle</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
- <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
- </property>
- </configuration>
将配置好的Hadoop复制到各DataNode(这里DataNode的JDK配置和主机的配置是一致的,不需要再修改JDK的配置)
3.3 修改主机的/etc/hosts,将NameNode加入该文件
192.168.137.100yan-Server
192.168.137.201node1
192.168.137.202node2
192.168.137.203node3
3.4 修改各DataNode的/etc/hosts文件,也添加上述的内容
192.168.137.100yan-Server
192.168.137.201node1
192.168.137.202node2
192.168.137.203node3
3.5 配置SSH免密码登录(所有的主机都使用root用户登录)
主机上运行命令
ssh-kengen -t rsa
一路回车,然后复制.ssh/id_rsa.pub为各DataNode的root用户目录.ssh/authorized_keys文件
然后在主机上远程登录一次
ssh root@node1
首次登录可能会需要输入密码,之后就不再需要。(其他的DataNode也都远程登录一次确保可以免输入密码登录)
4.启动Hadoop
为了方便,在主机的/etc/profile配置hadoop的环境变量,如下:
- export HADOOP_PREFIX="/opt/hadoop-2.0.4-alpha"
- export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_PREFIX/bin
- export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin
- export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}
- export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}
- export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}
- export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}
4.1 格式化NameNode
hdfs namenode -format
4.2 启动全部进程
start-all.sh
http://localhost:8088/
所有数据节点DataNode正常启动。
4.3 关闭所有进程
stop-all.sh
至此,Hadoop环境搭建基本结束。