第一章和第二章 distinct like 'S%' S打头的 '_A%' 第二个字母是A的 绑定变量 select ename from &haha; select &&hehe from scott.emp whre &hehe.2000 order by &hehe 多重替换,在一句话中,出现多次,第一个需要用双&&,后面再引用,只要单& define define定义的东西只在当前会话有效 define a=sal select &a from scott.emp verify set verify off/on 当前会话有效,针对&不确认 ######################################################## alter user scott account unlock identified by tiger; alter user hr account unlock identified by hr; conn hr/hr select table_name from user_tables; ######################################################## 第三章 单行函数 select ename,lower(ename) from scott.emp 转换成小写 upper 大写 initcap 每个单词的首字母大写 select ename,sal from emp where upper(ename)=upper('&haha'); select concat(ename,sal) from emp; 相当于上午讲的||,连接符 select ename,substr(ename,1,2) from emp; 从ename第1位开始取2位 select ename,length(ename) from emp; 字串长度 select instr('1290000','9') from dual; 从左往右,第一次出现的位置,如果没有,返回0 select lpad(sal,10,'*') from emp; 如果sal不满10位,左边用*补齐,rpad是右边补齐 select lpad(rpad(sal,10,'*'),20,'*'),先右补齐10位,再左边补齐20位 select trim('x' from 'xxxaaaaaxxxaaaxxx') 掐头去尾,通常用来去掉两端空格) select replace('13940000429','0','8') from dual; 把0替换成8 select round(123.3456,2) from dual; 小数点后两位四舍五入,结果是123.45,如果是-2,返回100 select trunc(123.456789,2)from dual; 截取,返回123.45,如果是-2,代表只留下百位1,即100 select mod(100,3) from dual; 100被3除宇1 select round(45.923,2) ,round(45.923,0) ,round(45.923,-1) from dual; 日期 select sysdate from dual; 查看当前时间 alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'; select sysdate+15 from dual; 只能处理-4713到9999年 年份在50-99之间,用yy解析,是当前世纪,用rr来解析是上个世纪 0-49之间,用yy,rr,都是当前世纪 select sysdate,sysdate+1/24,sysdate+1/1440 from dual; 加一小时,加一分钟,oracle真牛逼啊。。。呵呵 select months_between(sysdate,hiredate) from emp; 两个日期之间相差多少个自然月 select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,1000) from dual; 1000个自然月后的日期 select next_day(sysdate,'sunday') from dual; 下一个礼拜天的日期 select lastday(sysdate)from dual; 当前月的最后一天 select round(sysdate,'month') from dual; select round(sysdate,'year') from dual; select trunc(sysdate,'year') from dual; 2011.1 www.oracle.com/pls/db102 后面的公式要罩得住前面的 to_char select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss am day') 2011-09-14 dy select to_char(sysdate,'fmyyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss am day')去掉前导0,显示2011-9-14 select to_char(123,'9999999999.99') from dual; 返回 123.00 select to_char(123,'0999999999.99') from dual; 返回 000000000000123.00 前导0 select to_char(123.'$99999999999999.00') from dual; 返回$123.00 select to_char(1234567890,'999,999,999,999,999,999.99') from dual; 返回1,234,567,890.00 to_number select to_number('123.00','9999999.99')+2 from dual; 返回125 to_date select to_date('2011-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd'+1 from dual; 返回 2011-01-02 00:00:00 通用函数 NVL select ename,comm,nvl(comm,0)+500 from emp 如果有人comm是null,就用0代替 NVL2 select ename,comm,nvl2(comm,'a','b') from emp 如果comm是null就打印b,不为null,打印a NULLIF NULLIF(expr1,expr2),如果相同,返回空,如果不等,返回参数1 select first_name,length(first_name) "expr1" , last_name,length(last_name) "expr2" , nullif(length(first_name),length(last_name)) result from employees; coalesce(expr1,expr2....)返回第一个不为空的 select last_name,coalesce(manager_id,commission_pct,-1) comm from employees order by commission_pct; if-else格式的SQL语句 case select last_name ,job_id ,salary, case job_id when 'IT_PROG' then 1.10*salary when 'ST_CLERK' then 1.15*salary when 'SA_REP' then 1.20*salary else salary end "REVISED_SALARY" from employees; decode select last_name ,job_id ,salary, decode (trunc(salary/2000,0) 0,0.00, 1,0.09, 2,0.20, 3,0.30, 4,0.40, 5,0.50, 6,0.60, 0.45) tax_rate from employees where department_id=80;