如何在Openstack的控制节点使用命令手动创建一个虚拟机
虽然可以通过Dashbord创建新的虚拟机，可是通过命令来创建虚拟机也是一种很好的方法。
1.激活环境变量。
如果本来就激活了就没有必要进行这一步了。
新建文件novarc
export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin export OS_USERNAME=admin export OS_PASSWORD=123456 export OS_AUTH_URL="http://10.214.0.179:5000/v2.0/"
执行脚本
source novarc
2.下载或制作自己的虚拟机镜像。
可以参照vpsee的博客制作，或者到官方网站下载。http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/lucid/current/
3.上传镜像。
glance add name="ubuntu rubis" is_public=true container_format=vof disk_format=vhd < /root/images/disk.img
ps：（可选）脚本：
新建文件upimage.sh
IMAGE_NAME='quantal-server-cloudimg-amd64'#改成你下载镜像的名字 echo "upload images" mkdir -p /tmp/images tar -zxf ./$IMAGE_NAME.tar.gz -C /tmp/images RVAL=`glance add name="ubuntu-10.04.2-kernel" is_public=true container_format=aki disk_format=aki < /tmp/images/$IMAGE_NAME-vmlinuz*` KERNEL_ID=`echo $RVAL | cut -d":" -f2 | tr -d " "` glance add name="ubuntu-10.04.2" is_public=true container_format=ami disk_format=ami kernel_id=$KERNEL_ID < /tmp/images/$IMAGE_NAME.img
执行脚本：sh upimage.sh
说明：
镜像在物理机上的实际位置：
root@nova-controller:/var/lib/glance#ls glance.sqlite image-cache images
4.创建虚拟机密钥对。
root@nova-controller:/var/lib/stackops# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa2 Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa2. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa2.pub. The key fingerprint is: 46:ef:fa:ee:46:f4:7f:82:37:b9:e4:fe:39:2e:3e:30 root@nova-controller The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | | | | | . | | . .. | | S... | | . ..E. | | .. oo.. | | .. .=*.o| | .=+ .+BOo| +-----------------+5.导入密钥
root@nova-controller:/var/lib/stackops# nova keypair-list root@nova-controller:~# nova keypair-add --pub_key .ssh/id_rsa2.pub key2
6.查看镜像
root@nova-controller:~# nova image-list +----+-----------------------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | +----+-----------------------+--------+ | 1 | ubuntu-10.04.2-kernel | ACTIVE | | 2 | ubuntu-10.04.2 | ACTIVE | +----+-----------------------+--------+
7.查看虚拟机规格
root@nova-controller:~# nova flavor-list +----+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-------+------------+----------+ | ID | Name | Memory_MB | Swap | Local_GB | VCPUs | RXTX_Quota | RXTX_Cap | +----+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-------+------------+----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 0 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 0 | 40 | 2 | 0 | 0 | | 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 0 | 80 | 4 | 0 | 0 | | 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 0 | 160 | 8 | 0 | 0 | +----+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-------+------------+----------+
8.创建虚拟机
root@nova-controller:~# nova boot --flavor 1 --image 2 --key_name key2 Secondvmzju
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| adminPass | SgoPBBCaaN5BumLA |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2012-06-22T19:14:17Z |
| flavor | m1.tiny |
| hostId | |
| id | 1 |
| image | ubuntu-10.04.2 |
| key_name | key2 |
| metadata | {} |
| name | Secondvmzju |
| progress | 0 |
| status | BUILD |
| tenant_id | 1 |
| updated | 2012-06-22T19:14:17Z |
| user_id | admin |
| uuid | 4cf112db-5db2-4e1a-af5a-219689a11300 |
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
--flavor:指定虚拟机规格
--image:指定使用镜像
--key_name:指定使用key
“secondvmzju”为虚拟机名
（一个image可以创建多个虚拟机，但需要你的image，是采用qcow2的格式。）
9.查看新创建的虚拟机
root@nova-controller:~# nova show Secondvmzju
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2012-06-22T19:14:17Z |
| flavor | m1.tiny |
| hostId | 28aabad0d319fc4dc6bd5a1f0d496229ee46648ec74f45fd7084047d |
| id | 1 |
| image | ubuntu-10.04.2 |
| key_name | key2 |
| metadata | {} |
| name | Secondvmzju |
| progress | 100 |
| service network | 10.0.0.2 |
| status | ACTIVE |
| tenant_id | 1 |
| updated | 2012-07-05T11:32:19Z |
| user_id | admin |
| uuid | 4cf112db-5db2-4e1a-af5a-219689a11300 |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
10.网络配置
给虚拟机配置网络（可选）。
查看当前公网已使用的ip：
root@nova-controller:~# nova floating-ip-list
+-------------+-------------+----------+
| Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip |
+-------------+-------------+----------+
| 192.168.1.1 | None | None |
| 192.168.1.2 | 1 | 10.0.0.2 |
+-------------+-------------+----------+
创建公网地址
root@nova-controller:~# nova floating-ip-create
+-------------+-------------+----------+
| Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip |
+-------------+-------------+----------+
| 192.168.1.2 | None | None |
+-------------+-------------+----------+
绑定公网地址IP到虚拟机
root@nova-controller:~# nova add-floating-ip Secondvmzju 192.168.1.2
再次查看虚拟机，注意servicenetwork
root@nova-controller:~# nova show Secondvmzju
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2012-06-22T19:14:17Z |
| flavor | m1.tiny |
| hostId | 28aabad0d319fc4dc6bd5a1f0d496229ee46648ec74f45fd7084047d |
| id | 1 |
| image | ubuntu-10.04.2 |
| key_name | key2 |
| metadata | {} |
| name | Secondvmzju |
| progress | 100 |
| service network | 10.0.0.2, 192.168.1.2 |
| status | ACTIVE |
| tenant_id | 1 |
| updated | 2012-07-05T11:32:19Z |
| user_id | admin |
| uuid | 4cf112db-5db2-4e1a-af5a-219689a11300 |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
防火墙设置：
允许ssh：
root@nova-controller:~# nova secgroup-add-rule default tcp 22 22 0.0.0.0/0
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
| IP Protocol | From Port | To Port | IP Range | Source Group |
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
| tcp | 22 | 22 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
允许ping
root@nova-controller:~# nova secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
| IP Protocol | From Port | To Port | IP Range | Source Group |
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
| icmp | -1 | -1 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
查看防火墙规则：
root@nova-controller:~# nova secgroup-list-rules default
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
| IP Protocol | From Port | To Port | IP Range | Source Group |
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
| icmp | -1 | -1 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |
| tcp | 22 | 22 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |
+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+11.连接虚拟机
使用ssh连接（进入）虚拟机
ssh –i 通过身份认证文件验证的方式登录。
root@nova-controller:~# ssh -i .ssh/id_rsa2 [email protected] The authenticity of host '10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is aa:fc:78:9a:bd:6d:f3:bb:67:cd:28:15:b5:06:fb:c8. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
可以查看虚拟机的名字，就是创建的时候定的名字。
ubuntu@secondvmzju:~$ hostname secondvmzju ubuntu@secondvmzju:~$
12.备注
在计算节点上可以通过virsh对虚拟机进行管理（不过建议是用nova）。
root@nova-compute-1:~# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------- 1 instance-00000001 running
instance在计算节点上的实际位置：
root@nova-compute-1:/var/lib/nova/instances# ls _base instance-00000001
可以把公网的ip与虚拟机解除绑定。
root@nova-controller:~# nova remove-floating-ip Secondvmzju 192.168.1.2 回收ip。 root@nova-controller:~# nova floating-ip-delete 192.168.1.2
参考文献：
http://www.slideshare.net/slmagicbox/stackops-step-bystep-guide
http://docs.stackops.org/display/doc03/Operating+Openstack+with+Stackops+Distro