Linux下i2c驱动的加载过程,分为i2c设备层、i2c adapter层与i2c核心层
i2c设备驱动层也就是我们为特定i2c设备编写的驱动,下面是我自己理解的i2c驱动的注册过程
在我们写的i2c设备驱动中,我们会调用i2c_add_driver()开始i2c设备驱动的注册,该函数调用i2c_register_driver完成所有注册操作
static inline int i2c_add_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver) { return i2c_register_driver(THIS_MODULE, driver); }
i2c_register_driver会调用driver_register() 来将设备驱动添加到总线的设备驱动链表中:
int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver) { int res; /* Can't register until after driver model init */ if (unlikely(WARN_ON(!i2c_bus_type.p))) return -EAGAIN; driver->driver.owner = owner; driver->driver.bus = &i2c_bus_type; /* When registration returns, the driver core * will have called probe() for all matching-but-unbound devices. */ res = driver_register(&driver->driver); if (res) return res; pr_debug("i2c-core: driver [%s] registered\n", driver->driver.name); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&driver->clients); /* Walk the adapters that are already present */ mutex_lock(&core_lock); bus_for_each_dev(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, driver, __attach_adapter); mutex_unlock(&core_lock); return 0; }
在driver_register中,通过driver_find来判断驱动是否已经注册,然后会调用
bus_add_drive
将设备驱动添加到总线上
int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv) { int ret; struct device_driver *other; BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p); if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) || (drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) || (drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown)) printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use " "bus_type methods\n", drv->name); other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus); if (other) { put_driver(other); printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, " "aborting...\n", drv->name); return -EBUSY; } ret = bus_add_driver(drv); if (ret) return ret; ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups); if (ret) bus_remove_driver(drv); return ret; }
在bus_add_driver中初始化priv->klist_devices的值,并将priv赋值给drv->p
通过调用klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers)将驱动信息保存到总线结构中,在此之前将调用driver_attach()
int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv) { struct bus_type *bus; struct driver_private *priv; int error = 0; bus = bus_get(drv->bus); if (!bus) return -EINVAL; pr_debug("bus: '%s': add driver %s\n", bus->name, drv->name); priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL); if (!priv) { error = -ENOMEM; goto out_put_bus; } klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, NULL, NULL); priv->driver = drv; drv->p = priv; priv->kobj.kset = bus->p->drivers_kset; error = kobject_init_and_add(&priv->kobj, &driver_ktype, NULL, "%s", drv->name); if (error) goto out_unregister; if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) { error = driver_attach(drv); if (error) goto out_unregister; } klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers); module_add_driver(drv->owner, drv); error = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_uevent); if (error) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s: uevent attr (%s) failed\n", __func__, drv->name); } error = driver_add_attrs(bus, drv); if (error) { /* How the hell do we get out of this pickle? Give up */ printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_add_attrs(%s) failed\n", __func__, drv->name); } if (!drv->suppress_bind_attrs) { error = add_bind_files(drv); if (error) { /* Ditto */ printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_bind_files(%s) failed\n", __func__, drv->name); } } kobject_uevent(&priv->kobj, KOBJ_ADD); return 0; out_unregister: kfree(drv->p); drv->p = NULL; kobject_put(&priv->kobj); out_put_bus: bus_put(bus); return error; }
在driver_attach中,通过调用bus_for_each_dev,遍历在总线上挂载的所有设备,并对每个设备(dev)调用__driver_attach()
int driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv) { return bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach); }
在__driver_attach里会调用driver_match_device()来判断dev与driv的id是否相同,在i2c驱动里就会调用i2c_bus_type->match程序进行判断,
当id相同时,将会调用driver_probe_device()
static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data) { struct device_driver *drv = data; /* * Lock device and try to bind to it. We drop the error * here and always return 0, because we need to keep trying * to bind to devices and some drivers will return an error * simply if it didn't support the device. * * driver_probe_device() will spit a warning if there * is an error. */ if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev)) return 0; if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */ down(&dev->parent->sem); down(&dev->sem); if (!dev->driver) driver_probe_device(drv, dev); up(&dev->sem); if (dev->parent) up(&dev->parent->sem); return 0; }
在driver_probe_device(),首先会调用device_is_registered()判断dev是否注册,若没注册则返回;若已经注册,则调用really_probe
int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev) { int ret = 0; if (!device_is_registered(dev)) return -ENODEV; pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n", drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name); pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev); pm_runtime_barrier(dev); ret = really_probe(dev, drv); pm_runtime_put_sync(dev); return ret; }
在really_probe()里,首先将drv赋值给dev->driver,然后会调用总线的probe函数,在i2c驱动里,
此时将会调用i2c总线的probe函数:i2c_device_probe
static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv) { int ret = 0; atomic_inc(&probe_count); pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: probing driver %s with device %s\n", drv->bus->name, __func__, drv->name, dev_name(dev)); WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dev->devres_head)); dev->driver = drv; if (driver_sysfs_add(dev)) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_sysfs_add(%s) failed\n", __func__, dev_name(dev)); goto probe_failed; } if (dev->bus->probe) { //此处调用i2c总线的probe函数 ret = dev->bus->probe(dev); if (ret) goto probe_failed; } else if (drv->probe) { ret = drv->probe(dev); if (ret) goto probe_failed; } driver_bound(dev); ret = 1; pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: bound device %s to driver %s\n", drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name); goto done; probe_failed: devres_release_all(dev); driver_sysfs_remove(dev); dev->driver = NULL; if (ret != -ENODEV && ret != -ENXIO) { /* driver matched but the probe failed */ printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: probe of %s failed with error %d\n", drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret); } /* * Ignore errors returned by ->probe so that the next driver can try * its luck. */ ret = 0; done: atomic_dec(&probe_count); wake_up(&probe_waitqueue); return ret; }
在i2c_device_probe()里,会根据to_i2c_driver(dev->driver)获取i2c驱动,也就是我们编写的具体的i2c设备驱动的结构体i2c_driver,即
static struct i2c_driver XXX_driver = { .driver = { .name = "XXXX_name", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = XXX_probe, .remove = XXX_remove, .id_table = XXX_id, };
这样就调用了我们驱动的probe()了,这就是我们在驱动里调用i2c_add_driver(),通过driver_register()的一系列调用,最后执行我们所写的probe()
static int i2c_device_probe(struct device *dev) { struct i2c_client *client = i2c_verify_client(dev); struct i2c_driver *driver; int status; if (!client) return 0; driver = to_i2c_driver(dev->driver); if (!driver->probe || !driver->id_table) return -ENODEV; client->driver = driver; if (!device_can_wakeup(&client->dev)) device_init_wakeup(&client->dev, client->flags & I2C_CLIENT_WAKE); dev_dbg(dev, "probe\n"); status = driver->probe(client, i2c_match_id(driver->id_table, client));//执行我们写的probe函数 if (status) client->driver = NULL; return status; }