Groovyb脚本速成教程

1       内容简介

主要介绍了groovy的常用语法，以便快速上手应用.

 

2       语法介绍

2.1    屏幕输出

println “Hello world!”

println “Hello” + “ world!”

2.2    变量定义

class HelloWorld {    static void main(args) {            def myString = new String( "test String" )        def myObject = new Object()        int myInt = 8           myObject = 3               println "myString=" + myString        println "myObject=" + myObject        println "myInt=" + myInt   } }

2.3    类定义，函数定义

class HelloWorld {         def void test (){        println "this is test func"     }         def String getString(String input){        println "input=" + input        return "hello," + input     }    static void main(args) {        def hw = new HelloWorld()        hw. test ()        println hw.getString( "Liuyou" )     } }

 

 

2.4    list用法

class HelloWorld {        static void main(args) {        //ArrayList 可以动态增加大小    def arrayList = new ArrayList()   arrayList[ 0 ] = "dog"   arrayList[ 1 ] = "cat"   arrayList[ 2 ] = "bird"    for (l in arrayList){        println l + " "      }     //list ，不可以动态增加大小    def list = [ "dog" , "cat" , "bird" ]     for (l in list){        println l + " "        }    //list array    def lists = [[ "liuyou" , "22" , "M" ],[ "liudehua" , "33" , "M" ]]     for (l in lists){        println l[ 0 ] + "-" + l[ 1 ] + "-" + l[ 2 ]     }    for (l in lists){        for (e in l){           println e        }     }  } }

2.5    map用法

 

class HelloWorld {        static void main(args) {        // 显示定义 map        def map = new HashMap()        map.put( "ID" , 12345 )        map.put( "name" , "Liuyou" )        map.put( "email" , "[email protected]" )        println map.get( "ID" ) + "/" + map.get( "name" ) + "/" + map.get( "email" )        // 隐示定义 map        def map2 = [ "email" : "[email protected]" , "name" : "Liuyou" , "ID" : 12345 ]        println map.get( "ID" ) + "/" + map.get( "name" ) + "/" + map.get( "email" )     } }

 

 

2.6    逻辑语句

2.6.1   if…else…

class HelloWorld {        static void main(args) {        def s = "1234"        if (s == "1234" )   println "yes,it is 1234"               def n = 1234        if (n == 123 )  println "yes, n is 123"        else if (n == 12 ) println "yes, n is 12"        else if (n == 1234 )   println "yes, n is 1234"        else println "yes, n is null"     } }

 

2.6.2   switch…case…

class HelloWorld {        static void main(args) {        def s = "1234"        switch (s){        case "1" :            println "1" ;            break ;        case "2" :            println "2" ;            break ;        case "1234" :            println "1234"            break ;        default :            println "default"            break ;        }     } }

 

2.6.3   while循环

class HelloWorld {        static void main(args) {        int n = 10        while (n){                    println "n=" + n            n --        }     } }

2.6.4   for循环

class HelloWorld {        static void main(args) {        def n = [ 10 , 20 , 30 ]        for (e in n){                    println "e=" + e        }     } }

 

 

 

 

2.7    try…catch…异常语句

class HelloWorld {         def void testException(){        try {            def n = 0 ;            def m = 2 ;            def l = m/n        } catch (Exception e){            println e.toString()        }     }     def void testThrow(){        throw new java.lang.ArithmeticException()     }      static void main(args) {        def hw = new HelloWorld()               // 除法零异常        hw.testException()        // 主动抛出异常        try {            hw.testThrow()        } catch (ArithmeticException e){            println e.toString()        }     } }