有些时候,应用需要在开机时就自动运行,例如某个自动从网上更新内容的后台service。怎样实现开机自动运行的应用?在撰写本文时,联想到高焕堂先生以“Don't call me, I'll call you back!”总结Android框架,真是说到点子上了。理解这句话的含义,许多有关Android平台上实现某种功能的问题,都能迎刃而解。
使用场景:手机开机后,自动运行程序,在屏幕上显示"Hello. I started!"字样。
背景知识:当Android启动时,会发出一个系统广播,内容为ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED,它的字符串常量表示为android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED。只要在程序中“捕捉”到这个消息,再启动之即可。记住,Android框架说:Don't call me, I'll call you back。我们要做的是做好接收这个消息的准备,而实现的手段就是实现一个BroadcastReceiver。
代码解析:
1、界面Activity:SayHello.java
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- package com.ghstudio.BootStartDemo;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- public class SayHello extends Activity {
-
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-
-
- TextView tv = new TextView(this);
- tv.setText("Hello. I started!");
-
-
- setContentView(tv);
- }
- }
package com.ghstudio.BootStartDemo; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.TextView; public class SayHello extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); TextView tv = new TextView(this); tv.setText("Hello. I started!"); setContentView(tv); } }
这段代码很简单,当Activity启动时,创建一个TextView,用它显示"Hello. I started!"字样。
2、接收广播消息:BootBroadcastReceiver.java
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- package com.ghstudio.BootStartDemo;
-
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
-
- public class BootBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
-
- static final String ACTION = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED";
-
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-
- if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION)){
- Intent sayHelloIntent=new Intent(context,SayHello.class);
- sayHelloIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
-
- context.startActivity(sayHelloIntent);
- }
- }
-
- }
package com.ghstudio.BootStartDemo; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; public class BootBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { static final String ACTION = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"; @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION)){ Intent sayHelloIntent=new Intent(context,SayHello.class); sayHelloIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); context.startActivity(sayHelloIntent); } } }
该类派生自BroadcastReceiver,覆载方法onReceive中,检测接收到的Intent是否符合BOOT_COMPLETED,如果符合,则启动SayHello那个Activity。
3、配置文件:AndroidManifest.xml
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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.ghstudio.BootStartDemo"
- android:versionCode="1"
- android:versionName="1.0">
- <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
- <activity android:name=".SayHello"
- android:label="@string/app_name">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- <receiver android:name=".BootBroadcastReceiver">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- </application>
- <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" />
-
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"></uses-permission>
-
- </manifest>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.ghstudio.BootStartDemo" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".SayHello" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <receiver android:name=".BootBroadcastReceiver"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"></uses-permission> </manifest>
注意其中粗体字那一部分,该节点向系统注册了一个receiver,子节点intent-filter表示接收android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED消息。不要忘记配置android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED权限。
完成后,编译出apk包,安装到模拟器或手机中。关机,重新开机。
运行截图:
延伸思考:在多数情况下,要自动运行的不是有界面的程序,而是在后台运行的service。此时,就要用startService来启动相应的service了。
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/hmg25/article/details/6288070