在Android应用中添加修改主题功能
1. 内容
娱乐性质的APP如果有修改主题的功能，会给这款APP增色不少。关于Android APP当中，做主题工作相关工作比较好的，要属腾讯QQ了。本文将对APP修改主题做简要分析实现。
2. 实现步骤说明
2.1 setTheme方法的调用
Android当中修改主题主要使用setTheme()方法实现，Android API中，对setTheme()方法的说明如下：
public void setTheme (int resid)
Added in API level 1
Set the base theme for this context. Note that this should be called before any views are instantiated in the Context (for example before calling setContentView(View) orinflate(int, ViewGroup)).
Parameters
| resid | The style resource describing the theme. |
|---|
API对setTheme的说明中有一点需要注意，即
“Note that this should be called before any views are instantiated in the Context (for example before calling setContentView(View) or inflate(int, ViewGroup)).”
setTheme(int)方法需要在调用setContentView(View)或者inflate(int, ViewGroup)初始化View之前调用才有效。因此，我们需要在Activity的onCreate方法中，同时在setContentView(View)方法之前调用setTheme(int)方法。而根据Activity的生命周期，我们可以知道，onCreate方法在Activity生命周期当中只调用一次，如果我们需要调用setTheme(int)方法修改Activity的主题，就必须尝试从新调用onCreate方法，重新调用onCreate方法的有一下两种方式：
- 显示调用Activity的finish()方法结束Activity，然后调用startActivity打开Activity。
- 设置Intent的标志为FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP，startActivity重新开启一个Activity。
方法1由于出现了Activity的显示关闭和开启，切换过程中会出现瞬间的黑屏。而方法2没有显示调用finish方法，主题切换过程不会出现黑屏的现象，推荐使用。
2.2 自定义属性与其调用
修改View中不同组件的颜色时，可使用两种方式，
- 复写Android当中原生的属性，如
<item name="android:windowBackground">@color/bgcolor</item>
这种方式，对于不同的样式，对android:windowBackground赋予不同的值即可。 - 自定义属性，对于不同的样式，对同一属性赋予不同的值。
自定义属性的方式如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <!-- View styles --> <attr name="pageBackground" format="reference" /> <attr name="pagePaddingLayout" format="reference" /> <attr name="textTitle" format="reference" /> <attr name="textTitleHidden" format="reference" /> <attr name="textSubheader" format="reference" /> <attr name="textLarge" format="reference" /> <attr name="textRegular" format="reference" /> <attr name="textCheckBox" format="reference" /> <attr name="textCurrentActivityGreen" format="reference" /> <attr name="whiteBackground" format="reference" /> <attr name="button" format="reference" /> <attr name="list" format="reference" /> <attr name="listItem" format="reference" /> <attr name="listDivider" format="reference" /> <attr name="editText" format="reference"/> <attr name="background" format="reference" /> <!-- Attributes --> <attr name="pageMargin" format="reference|dimension" /> <attr name="contentLeftMargin" format="reference|dimension" /> </resources>
对于不同属性所对应的值的定义如白色属性定义如下：
<style name="Theme.White"> <item name="pageBackground">@style/page_background_wh</item> <item name="pagePaddingLayout">@style/page_padding_layout_wh</item> <item name="textTitle">@style/text_title_wh</item> <item name="textTitleHidden">@style/text_title_hidden_wh</item> <item name="textSubheader">@style/text_subheader_wh</item> <item name="textLarge">@style/text_large_wh</item> <item name="textRegular">@style/text_regular_wh</item> <item name="textCheckBox">@style/text_check_box_wh</item> <item name="textCurrentActivityGreen">@style/text_current_activity_green_wh</item> <item name="whiteBackground">@style/white_background_wh</item> <item name="button">@style/button_wh</item> <item name="list">@style/list_wh</item> <item name="listItem">@style/list_item_wh</item> <item name="listDivider">@style/list_divider_wh</item> <item name="pageMargin">@dimen/page_margin_wh</item> <item name="background">@drawable/background1</item> </style>
蓝色定义如下：
<style name="Theme.Blue"> <item name="pageBackground">@style/page_background_bl</item> <item name="pagePaddingLayout">@style/page_padding_layout_bl</item> <item name="textTitle">@style/text_title_bl</item> <item name="textTitleHidden">@style/text_title_hidden_bl</item> <item name="textSubheader">@style/text_subheader_bl</item> <item name="textLarge">@style/text_large_bl</item> <item name="textRegular">@style/text_regular_bl</item> <item name="textCheckBox">@style/text_regular_bl</item> <item name="whiteBackground">@style/white_background_bl</item> <item name="button">@style/button_bl</item> <item name="list">@style/list_bl</item> <item name="listItem">@style/list_item_bl</item> <item name="listDivider">@style/list_divider_bl</item> <item name="pageMargin">@dimen/page_margin_bl</item> <item name="background">@drawable/background2</item> </style>
自定义属性的调用方式如下：
<ScrollView
android:background="?background"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="0px"
android:layout_weight="1" >
</ScrollView>
其中？代表引用主题属性。这样，对于不同的样式，ScrollView的背景图片显示便不同了，Theme.White样式时显示为@drawable/background1，而Theme.Blue显示为@drawable/background2。
2.3 步骤说明
- 编辑自定义属性。
- 对不同样式所对应的自定义属性值进行赋值操作。
- 对用户选定的style保存到SharePreference当中。
- 读取SharePreference当中用户选定样式，调用setTheme方法。
3. 更换样式APP效果图
3. 应用程序下载地址
应用程序下载地址
4. QQ修改主题的实现
QQ修改主题的实现也采用了类似的方式，反编译AndroidQQ客户端查看其源码，从ThemeDownloadAndSetActivity类中可知QQ下载主题的界面是一个Web页面其地址为：http://mobile.biaoqing.qq.com/business/theme/html/index.html?uin=[uin]&client=[client]&version=[version]&sid=[sid]&platformId=[platformId]&device=[device]&system=[system]&density=[density]&adTag=mvip.gongneng.android.theme.index_dynamic_tab&updateFlag=[updateFlag]&_bid=123%22，其使用ThemeJsHandler类对主题进行了下载操作。下载地址如“白色简约”主题地址为http://dl.url.cn/msoft/mobileQQ_theme/theme_package_android/ios7-theme.1.0.3.zip，主题下载下来之后，使用SkinEngine对主题进行处理，更换APP主题。
其中，styles.xml文件中定义了theme_skin_default如下：
<style name="theme_skin_default" parent="@style/qzone_theme_customerTitle">
<item name="android:textColorPrimary">@color/red</item>
<item name="android:textColorSecondary">@color/qzone_white</item>
<item name="android:textColorTertiary">@color/gray</item>
<item name="audio_select_top_background">@style/audio_select_top_background_style_default</item>
<item name="audio_select_click_background">@style/audio_select_click_background_style_default</item>
<item name="text_nick_name">@style/text_nick_name_default</item>
<item name="text_tab_name">@style/text_tab_name_default</item>
<item name="text_audio_select_name">@style/text_audio_select_name_default</item>
<item name="text_audio_to">@style/text_audio_to_default</item>
<item name="text_title">@style/text_title_default</item>
<item name="text_qq_accept">@style/text_qq_accept_default</item>
<item name="text_qq_ignore">@style/text_qq_ignore_default</item>
<item name="text_qq_batch_all">@style/text_qq_batch_all_default</item>
<item name="text_qq_http_cancel">@style/text_qq_http_cancel_default</item>
<item name="text_qq_http_refresh">@style/text_qq_http_refresh_default</item>
<item name="text_personinfo">@style/text_personinfo_default</item>
<item name="text_content">@style/text_content_default</item>
<item name="text_time">@style/text_time_default</item>
<item name="text_time_in_tab">@style/text_time_in_tab_default</item>
<item name="text_uploading">@style/text_uploading_default</item>
<item name="text_reply">@style/text_reply_default</item>
<item name="no_app_short">@style/no_app_short_default</item>
<item name="text_summary">@style/text_summary_default</item>
<item name="text_home_tab_highlight">@style/text_home_tab_highlight_default</item>
<item name="button_bg">@style/button_bg_default</item>
<item name="button_bg_sign">@style/button_bg_sign_default</item>
<item name="button_bg_shortedit">@style/button_bg_shortedit_default</item>
<item name="button_text">@style/button_text_default</item>
<item name="list_bg">@style/list_bg_default</item>
<item name="next_step_bg">@style/next_step_bg_default</item>
<item name="item_uploading_bg">@style/item_uploading_bg_default</item>
<item name="item_uploading_now_bg">@style/item_uploading_now_bg_default</item>
<item name="list_item_bg">@style/list_item_bg_default</item>
<item name="edit_style">@style/edit_style_default</item>
<item name="text_comment">@style/text_comment_default</item>
<item name="tab_selection_bg">@style/tab_selection_bg_default</item>
<item name="feed_header_bg">@style/feed_header_bg_default</item>
<item name="feed_header_content">@style/feed_header_content_default</item>
<item name="feed_header_time">@style/feed_header_time_default</item>
<item name="comment_header">@style/comment_header_default</item>
<item name="list_bg_divider">@style/list_bg_divider_default</item>
<item name="friendlist_bg_divider">@style/friendlist_bg_divider_default</item>
<item name="list_divider">@style/list_divider_default</item>
<item name="img_divider">@style/img_divider_default</item>
<item name="write_footer">@style/write_footer_default</item>
<item name="text_list_bg">@style/text_list_bg_default</item>
<item name="text_list">@style/text_list_default</item>
<item name="customCheckBox">@style/customCheckBox_default</item>
<item name="text_nettraffic_title">@style/text_nettraffic_title_default</item>
<item name="bg_nettraffic_title">@style/bg_nettraffic_title_default</item>
<item name="text_nettraffic_content">@style/text_nettraffic_content_default</item>
<item name="bg_base_nettraffic">@style/bg_base_nettraffic_default</item>
<item name="write_btn_textColor">@style/write_btn_textColor_default</item>
<item name="reply_btn_textColor">@style/reply_btn_textColor_default</item>
<item name="write_antline">@style/write_antline_default</item>
<item name="tabbar_bg">@style/tabbar_bg_default</item>
<item name="progress_drawable">@style/progress_drawable_default</item>
<item name="scrollbar_drawable">@style/scroll_bar_default</item>
<item name="reply_edit_box">@style/reply_edit_box_default</item>
<item name="imput_bottom_style">@style/imput_bottom_style_default</item>
<item name="app_titlebar_text">@style/app_titlebar_text_default</item>
<item name="checkin_line_color">@style/checkin_line_color_default</item>
<item name="checkin_line_up_select_color">@style/checkin_line_up_select_color_default</item>
<item name="checkin_line_up_unselect_color">@style/checkin_line_up_unselect_color_default</item>
<item name="checkin_line_down_color">@style/checkin_line_down_color_default</item>
<item name="myfeed_entry_bg">@style/d_button_entry_bg_default</item>
<item name="recordgift_background">@style/recordgift_background_style_default</item>
<item name="batch_loadup_button_bg">@style/batch_loadup_button_bg_default</item>
<item name="bubble_bg_color">#ff88cbf9</item>
<item name="text_more_color">#ff404040</item>
<item name="mini_cert_text_color">#ffaaaaaa</item>
<item name="checkin_title_select_bg_color">#fff4f4f4</item>
<item name="checkin_title_unselect_bg_color">#ffe9f5fc</item>
<item name="checkin_title_select_text_color">#ff000000</item>
<item name="checkin_title_unselect_text_color">#ff3b8ed4</item>
<item name="tips_bg_color">#ffffffff</item>
<item name="colorimage_speech_searchfriend_virtualframe">#ffb9d6e7</item>
<item name="colorimage_tab_color">#ff6dbaf7</item>
<item name="colorimage_white_tab_color">#ffffffff</item>
<item name="colorimage_bg_color">#ffffffff</item>
<item name="colorimage_feed_down_up">#ff3789cb</item>
<item name="colorimage_bg_color_for_watermark">#ffffffff</item>
<item name="colorimage_indicator_bg_color">#ffcdcdcd</item>
<item name="colorimage_srcover_bg_color">#00ffffff</item>
<item name="colorimage_write_bg_color">#ff757575</item>
<item name="colorimage_write_sign_color">#ff88cbf9</item>
<item name="upload_button_cancel">#ffb5d8ee</item>
<item name="slide_view_dot">@style/slide_view_dot_default</item>
<item name="colorimage_uploading_bg_color">#ff000000</item>
<item name="colorimage_right_arrow">#ff9ac9e5</item>
<item name="colorlinear_bg_color">#ffe6ecef</item>
<item name="colorbutton_bg_color">#ffffffff</item>
<item name="colorbutton_disable_select_color">#ff86c7f4</item>
<item name="colorbutton_text_disable_select_color">#ffbfe5ff</item>
<item name="colorbutton_write_bg_color">#ff52aae7</item>
<item name="colorbutton_reply_bg_color">#ffffffff</item>
<item name="mini_music_bg_color">#ff9acdf5</item>
<item name="mini_music_bg_color_press">#ffffffff</item>
<item name="add_msg_bg_color">#ffd2e1ed</item>
<item name="add_msg_bg_color_press">#ff9cd3fe</item>
<item name="selected_del_bg_color">#ffcee0ee</item>
<item name="selected_del_bg_color_press">#ff85b9e3</item>
<item name="selected_listgo_bg_color">#ff85b9e3</item>
</style>
其中有大量的自定义属性。下载来的主题当中，含有最这些自定义属性的具体实现。