在android中我们一般用intent意图来在各个view之间跳转,在以前的ios开发中,如果要实现选项卡切换多视图,需要用到一个现在Xcode版本中没有的模板Window-Based Application模板,然后在里面建一堆的viewController和xib文件,然后再一顿的猛连,新手到这里往往会很痛苦。现在好了,新版的Xcode中的Tabbed Application模板可以简单明了的创建一个选项卡多视图,甚至我们都不需要任何操作。
下面我们先打开Xcode,然后选择该模板创建项目:
创建成功后直接运行就会在虚拟机上出现一个选项卡(两个选项),点击就会切换不同的view;
现在我们来分析一下这个模板,了解后我们就可以利用该模板来创建我们自己的应用了。
首先该模板并没有主xib文件,所以我们要去AppDelegate中查看是如何代码生成的,在该类的声明中我们发现如下代码:
AppDelegate.h:
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
-
- @interface AppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate, UITabBarControllerDelegate>
-
- @property (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;
-
- @property (strong, nonatomic) UITabBarController *tabBarController;
-
- @end
UIWindow下面就是一个UITabBarController,这里并不是我们常见的viewController,而是一个UIViewController的子类。该类的声明如下:
- UIKIT_CLASS_AVAILABLE(2_0) @interface UITabBarController : UIViewController <UITabBarDelegate, NSCoding> {
- @package
- UITabBar *_tabBar;
-
- UIView *_containerView;
- UIView *_viewControllerTransitionView;
-
- id _tabBarItemsToViewControllers;
- UIViewController *_selectedViewController;
-
- UINavigationController *_moreNavigationController;
- NSArray *_customizableViewControllers;
-
- id<UITabBarControllerDelegate> _delegate;
-
- UIViewController *_selectedViewControllerDuringWillAppear;
-
- UIViewController *_transientViewController;
-
- NSUInteger _maxItems;
-
- struct {
- unsigned int isShowingMoreItem:1;
- unsigned int needsToRebuildItems:1;
- unsigned int isBarHidden:1;
- unsigned int editButtonOnLeft:1;
- } _tabBarControllerFlags;
- }
从上面我们可以发现,该控制器是自带一个UITabBar的,而且里面是有UIViewController作为属性的。现在我们来看AppDelegate的实现:
AppDelegate.m:
- #import "AppDelegate.h"
-
- #import "FirstViewController.h"
-
- #import "SecondViewController.h"
- #import "ThirdViewController.h"
-
- @implementation AppDelegate
-
- @synthesize window = _window;
- @synthesize tabBarController = _tabBarController;
-
- - (void)dealloc
- {
- [_window release];
- [_tabBarController release];
- [super dealloc];
- }
-
- - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
- {
- self.window = [[[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]] autorelease];//1
- // Override point for customization after application launch.
- UIViewController *viewController1 = [[[FirstViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"FirstViewController" bundle:nil] autorelease];//2
- UIViewController *viewController2 = [[[SecondViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"SecondViewController" bundle:nil] autorelease];//3
-
- // UIViewController *viewController3 = [[[ThirdViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"ThirdViewController" bundle:nil] autorelease];//4
-
- self.tabBarController = [[[UITabBarController alloc] init] autorelease];//5
- self.tabBarController.viewControllers = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:viewController1, viewController2, viewController3,nil];//6
- self.window.rootViewController = self.tabBarController;//7
- [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];//8
- return YES;
- }
-
-
- @end
没用到的方法被我删掉,现在主要来看应用初始化方法
代码1初始化窗口;
代码2初始化view1的控制器;
代码3初始化view2的控制器;
代码4是我自己后来加的,这里先不管;
代码5初始化根视图控制器(这时只是一般的视图控制器);
代码6将那两个视图的控制器添加为数组给了根视图控制器的viewControllers属性,以便显示;
代码7将根视图器转正(真正成为根视图控制器);
代码8显示窗口;
另外,选项卡上的选项文字和图标是在每一个view的viewController初始化方法里确定的,比如:
FirstViewController.m:
- - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
- {
- self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
- if (self) {
- self.title = NSLocalizedString(@"First", @"First");
- self.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"first"];
- }
- return self;
- }
- self.title = NSLocalizedString(@"First", @"First");
上面这行代码是给标题,NSLocalizedString方法只是一个宏定义,第二个参数无用,你也可以直接self.title = @"First”这样来赋值。
好了,上面这些模板是系统给我们的,包括图标素材,我们也大概了解了是怎样添加view到应用里和选项卡上的选项对应,我们现在来手动再添加一个view
首先,新建一个viewController,取名为ThirdViewController,注意附带xib文件。
然后在xib文件中拖上一个segmented控件(随便什么都行),将Bottom Bar那一栏修改为Tab Bar用以为选项卡留出位置(好习惯),如下图
在ThirdViewController.m中初始化方法中设置选项名和图标:
- - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
- {
- self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
- if (self) {
-
- self.title=@"自定义的";
-
- self.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"second"];
- //这里我们就用和第二个一样的图片
-
- }
- return self;
- }
现在将AppDelegate文件在原来的基础上做如下修改:
1,导入新建类ThirdViewController的头文件;
2,将该类实例化,对象名按惯例取名为viewController3;
3,将实例化后的viewController3加到数组里。
- #import "AppDelegate.h"
-
- #import "FirstViewController.h"
-
- #import "SecondViewController.h"
- #import "ThirdViewController.h"//新增
-
- @implementation AppDelegate
-
- @synthesize window = _window;
- @synthesize tabBarController = _tabBarController;
-
- - (void)dealloc
- {
- [_window release];
- [_tabBarController release];
- [super dealloc];
- }
-
- - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
- {
- self.window = [[[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]] autorelease];
- // Override point for customization after application launch.
- UIViewController *viewController1 = [[[FirstViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"FirstViewController" bundle:nil] autorelease];
- UIViewController *viewController2 = [[[SecondViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"SecondViewController" bundle:nil] autorelease];
-
- UIViewController *viewController3 = [[[ThirdViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"ThirdViewController" bundle:nil] autorelease];//新增
-
- self.tabBarController = [[[UITabBarController alloc] init] autorelease];
- self.tabBarController.viewControllers = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:viewController1, viewController2, viewController3,nil];//添加
- self.window.rootViewController = self.tabBarController;
- [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
- return YES;
- }
-
-
- @end
好了,见证奇迹吧:
这时我们就实现了在系统模板的基础上添加view,也可以修改原有的,这样就可以很简单的在多个视图之间进行切换,so easy。