本文转自:点击打开链接
对Struts2进行单元测试,以struts 2.2.1.1为例 ,可以使用struts2发行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,它里面提供了两个类StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase,分别提供对纯struts应用和struts+spring整合时的单元测试支持。下面分别说明。
1.StrutsTestCase
首先准备一个纯struts2工程,建立工程过程略,但有如下的类:
Account.java,是bean
- package model;
-
- public class Account {
- private String userName;
- private String password;
-
- public Account() {
- }
-
- public Account(String userName, String password) {
- this.userName = userName;
- this.password = password;
- }
-
- public String getUserName() {
- return userName;
- }
-
- public void setUserName(String userName) {
- this.userName = userName;
- }
-
- public String getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
-
- public void setPassword(String password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- }
AccountAction.java
- package action;
-
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
- import model.Account;
-
- import java.util.logging.Logger;
-
- public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{
-
- private Account accountBean;
- public String execute() throws Exception {
- return SUCCESS;
- }
-
- public void validate(){
- if (accountBean.getUserName().length()==0){
- addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required.");
- }
-
- if (accountBean.getUserName().length()<5){
- addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long.");
- }
-
- if (accountBean.getUserName().length()>10){
- addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long.");
- }
- }
-
- public Account getAccountBean() {
- return accountBean;
- }
-
- public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) {
- this.accountBean = accountBean;
- }
- }
测试类:
TestAccountAction.java
- package ut;
-
- import action.AccountAction;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider;
- import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;
-
- import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*;
-
-
- public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase {
- private AccountAction action;
- private ActionProxy proxy;
-
- private void init() {
- proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount");
- action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction();
- }
-
- public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception {
- request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc");
- request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");
-
- init();
- proxy.execute();
-
- assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present",
- action.getFieldErrors().size() == 1);
- assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been",
- action.getFieldErrors().containsKey("accountBean.userName"));
- }
-
- public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{
- request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce");
- request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");
-
- init();
- String result=proxy.execute();
-
- assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present",
- action.getFieldErrors().size()==0);
-
- assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.",
- "success", result);
-
- }
- }
测试逻辑比较简单,action中的validate方法会保证用户名长度在5--9之间。
定义struts.xml,放在类路径的根目录下,而非web-inf/classes下,否则会找不到,不会加载你定义的内容。
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
- "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
- <struts>
- <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
- <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
- <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
- <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
至于action/result的定义中用到的jsp页面,不必真实存在,保持不为空就行,否则,action测试的时候,会说result未定义之类的错误,因为此测试会模拟action真实状态下的运行。运行,一切OK。
正因为会模拟真实状态下的运行,所以拦截器也会正常被触发,下面再定义一个拦截器测试一下:
MyInterceptor.java
- package interceptor;
-
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
-
- public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{
-
- public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("before processing");
- String rst= actionInvocation.invoke();
- System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy().getMethod());
- return rst;
- }
- }
修改一下struts.xml,加入拦截器的定义:
<package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
</interceptors>
<action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
<result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/>
</action>
</package>
运行,控制台会输出:
before processing
bye bye execute
使用的jar包如下图:
都是struts发行包提供的,其它不相关的jar不要加,尤其是以plugin.jar结尾的文件,更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,加了会加载相关的东西,但这里却提供不了,导致测试无法运行。实际spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必须的,但加了也无所谓,在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外,web.xml不需要配置,根本不会去这里找配置信息。
2.StrutsSpringTestCase
这个和前面的过程类似,需要的类分别如下。
MathAction.java
- package action;
-
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
- import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
- import service.MathService;
-
- public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{
- private MathService service;
-
- public String execute() throws Exception {
- ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2));
- return SUCCESS;
- }
-
- public MathService getService() {
- return service;
- }
-
- public void setService(MathService service) {
- this.service = service;
- }
- }
MathService.java
- package service;
-
- public class MathService {
- public int add(int a,int b){
- return a+b;
- }
- }
测试类TestMathAction,测试一下MathService.add是否能正确地返回两个数相加的值。
- import action.MathAction;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
- import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase;
-
- public class TestMathAction extends StrutsSpringTestCase{
- private MathAction action;
- private ActionProxy proxy;
-
- protected String getContextLocations() {
- return "spring/applicationContext.xml";
- }
-
- private void init(){
- proxy=getActionProxy("/add");
- action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction();
- }
- public void testAdd() throws Exception{
- init();
- proxy.execute();
- assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3);
- }
- }
这里有一个小trick,默认情况下,applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目录下,但如果项目需要不放在那里,就要覆盖getContextLocations方法返回其class path,开头可以有也可以没有“/”,这里我放在包spring下,所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml,至于struts和spring整合的配置就不用写了,想必大家都会。需要的jar在上面的基础上,加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了,对了,两种测试都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar,去tomcat里copy一份即可,junit.jar也是需要的(废话?!)