Struts2 Action的单元测试

  对Struts2进行单元测试，以struts 2.2.1.1为例 ，可以使用struts2发行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，它里面提供了两个类StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase，分别提供对纯struts应用和struts+spring整合时的单元测试支持。下面分别说明。

 

1.StrutsTestCase

   首先准备一个纯struts2工程，建立工程过程略，但有如下的类：

   Account.java,是bean

   package model; public class Account { private String userName; private String password; public Account() { } public Account(String userName, String password) { this.userName = userName; this.password = password; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }

   AccountAction.java

   package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import model.Account; import java.util.logging.Logger; public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{ private Account accountBean; public String execute() throws Exception { return SUCCESS; } public void validate(){ if (accountBean.getUserName().length()==0){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required."); } if (accountBean.getUserName().length()<5){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long."); } if (accountBean.getUserName().length()>10){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long."); } } public Account getAccountBean() { return accountBean; } public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) { this.accountBean = accountBean; } }

   测试类：

  TestAccountAction.java

   package ut; import action.AccountAction; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase; import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*; public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase { private AccountAction action; private ActionProxy proxy; private void init() { proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount"); //action url，可以写扩展名".action"也可以干脆不写 action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction(); } public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception { request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc"); request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test"); init(); proxy.execute(); assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present", action.getFieldErrors().size() == 1); assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been", action.getFieldErrors().containsKey("accountBean.userName")); } public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{ request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce"); request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test"); init(); String result=proxy.execute(); assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present", action.getFieldErrors().size()==0); assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.", "success", result); } }  

   测试逻辑比较简单，action中的validate方法会保证用户名长度在5－－9之间。

   定义struts.xml，放在类路径的根目录下，而非web-inf/classes下，否则会找不到，不会加载你定义的内容。

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction"> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>

   至于action/result的定义中用到的jsp页面，不必真实存在，保持不为空就行，否则，action测试的时候，会说result未定义之类的错误，因为此测试会模拟action真实状态下的运行。运行，一切OK。

   正因为会模拟真实状态下的运行，所以拦截器也会正常被触发，下面再定义一个拦截器测试一下：

   MyInterceptor.java

   package interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor; public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{ public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception { System.out.println("before processing"); String rst= actionInvocation.invoke(); System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy().getMethod()); return rst; } }

  

   修改一下struts.xml,加入拦截器的定义：

   <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <interceptors>
            <interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
        </interceptors>
        <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
            <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
            <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
            <interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/>
        </action>
    </package>

   运行，控制台会输出：

   before processing

   bye bye execute

 

    使用的jar包如下图：

  

   都是struts发行包提供的，其它不相关的jar不要加，尤其是以plugin.jar结尾的文件，更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，加了会加载相关的东西，但这里却提供不了，导致测试无法运行。实际spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必须的，但加了也无所谓，在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外，web.xml不需要配置，根本不会去这里找配置信息。

  

2.StrutsSpringTestCase

  这个和前面的过程类似，需要的类分别如下。

  MathAction.java

  package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import service.MathService; public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{ private MathService service; public String execute() throws Exception { ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2)); return SUCCESS; } public MathService getService() { return service; } public void setService(MathService service) { this.service = service; } }

  MathService.java

  package service; public class MathService { public int add(int a,int b){ return a+b; } }

  测试类TestMathAction，测试一下MathService.add是否能正确地返回两个数相加的值。

  import action.MathAction; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase; public class TestMathAction extends StrutsSpringTestCase{ private MathAction action; private ActionProxy proxy; protected String getContextLocations() { return "spring/applicationContext.xml"; } private void init(){ proxy=getActionProxy("/add"); action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction(); } public void testAdd() throws Exception{ init(); proxy.execute(); assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3); } }

 

  这里有一个小trick，默认情况下，applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目录下，但如果项目需要不放在那里，就要覆盖getContextLocations方法返回其class path，开头可以有也可以没有“/”，这里我放在包spring下，所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml，至于struts和spring整合的配置就不用写了，想必大家都会。需要的jar在上面的基础上，加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了，对了，两种测试都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar，去tomcat里copy一份即可，junit.jar也是需要的（废话？！）

 

   参考：https://cwiki.apache.org/WW/struts-2-junit-plugin-tutorial.html