http://www.cppblog.com/zhuweisky/archive/2005/09/11/193.html
事件是面向组件开发的必要特性之一,但C++不直接支持事件,没关系,我自己实现了一个,感觉很好用,分享给大家!
最开始打算用函数指针模拟事件,但由于C++中成员函数指针不能和void*相互强转,而且 typedef中不能含有模板,所以才不得已以接口继承实现。这样效果也不错 :)
一. 先看看事件接口定义和实现
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- #ifndef IEVENT_H
- #define IEVENT_H
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-
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- #include "../Collection/SafeArrayList.h"
- template<class SenderType ,class ParaType> class EventPublisher ;
- class NullType
- {
- };
-
- template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>
- interface IEventHandler
- {
- public:
- virtual ~IEventHandler(){}
- private:
- virtual void HandleEvent(SenderType sender ,ParaType para) = 0 ;
- friend class EventPublisher<SenderType ,ParaType> ;
- };
-
- template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>
- interface IEvent
- {
- public:
- virtual ~IEvent(){}
- virtual void Register (IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler) = 0 ;
- virtual void UnRegister(IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler) = 0 ;
- };
-
- template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>
- interface IEventActivator
- {
- public:
- virtual ~IEventActivator(){}
- virtual void Invoke(SenderType sender ,ParaType para) = 0;
- virtual int HandlerCount() = 0;
- virtual IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* GetHandler(int index) = 0;
- };
-
-
- template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>
- interface IEventPublisher : public IEvent<SenderType ,ParaType> ,public IEventActivator<SenderType ,ParaType>
- {
- };
-
- template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>
- class EventPublisher :public IEventPublisher<SenderType ,ParaType>
- {
- private:
- SafeArrayList< IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType> > handerList ;
- IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* innerHandler ;
- public:
- void Register(IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler)
- {
- this->handerList.Add(handler) ;
- }
- void UnRegister(IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler)
- {
- this->handerList.Remove(handler) ;
- }
- void Invoke(SenderType sender ,ParaType para)
- {
- int count = this->handerList.Count() ;
- for(int i=0 ;i<count ;i++)
- {
- IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler = this->handerList.GetElement(i) ;
- handler->HandleEvent(sender ,para) ;
- }
- }
- int HandlerCount()
- {
- return this->handerList.Count() ;
- }
- IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* GetHandler(int index)
- {
- return this->handerList.GetElement(index) ;
- }
- };
- #endif
#ifndef IEVENT_H#define IEVENT_H/* 以下各基础设施是在C++中事件机制的完整实现,事件是面向组件开发的必要特性之一。 创 作 者:sky 时 间:2005.06.22 修订时间:2005.06.22*/#include "../Collection/SafeArrayList.h"template<class SenderType ,class ParaType> class EventPublisher ;class NullType{};// IEventHandler 是事件处理句柄,预定事件的类从此接口继承以实现事件处理函数template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>interface IEventHandler{public: virtual ~IEventHandler(){}private: virtual void HandleEvent(SenderType sender ,ParaType para) = 0 ; friend class EventPublisher<SenderType ,ParaType> ;};// IEvent 事件预定方通过此接口预定事件template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>interface IEvent{public: virtual ~IEvent(){} virtual void Register (IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler) = 0 ; virtual void UnRegister(IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler) = 0 ;};// IEventActivator 事件发布方通过此接口触发事件template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>interface IEventActivator{public: virtual ~IEventActivator(){} virtual void Invoke(SenderType sender ,ParaType para) = 0; virtual int HandlerCount() = 0; virtual IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* GetHandler(int index) = 0;};// IEventPublisher 事件发布方发布事件相当于就是发布一个IEventPublisher派生类的对象// 不过仅仅将该对象的IEvent接口发布即可。template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>interface IEventPublisher : public IEvent<SenderType ,ParaType> ,public IEventActivator<SenderType ,ParaType> {};// EventPublisher是IEventPublisher的默认实现template<class SenderType ,class ParaType>class EventPublisher :public IEventPublisher<SenderType ,ParaType>{private: SafeArrayList< IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType> > handerList ; IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* innerHandler ;public: void Register(IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler) { this->handerList.Add(handler) ; } void UnRegister(IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler) { this->handerList.Remove(handler) ; } void Invoke(SenderType sender ,ParaType para) { int count = this->handerList.Count() ; for(int i=0 ;i<count ;i++) { IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* handler = this->handerList.GetElement(i) ; handler->HandleEvent(sender ,para) ; } } int HandlerCount() { return this->handerList.Count() ; } IEventHandler<SenderType ,ParaType>* GetHandler(int index) { return this->handerList.GetElement(index) ; }};#endif
上面的实现是浅显易懂的,关键是要注意IEventPublisher的双重身份-- 事件发布方最好发布IEvent指针给外部,而该指针实际指向的是一个EventPublisher对象,这是为了避免外部直接调用IEventActivator接口的方法。
二. 一个定时器类Timer,演示如何发布事件。想必大家都知道定时器的用途了哦,这个Timer就像C#中的Timer类一样。
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- #ifndef TIMER_H
- #define TIMER_H
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- #include "IEvent.h"
- #include "Thread.h"
- void TimerThreadStart(void* para) ;
- class Timer
- {
- private:
- int spanInMillSecs ;
- volatile bool isStop ;
- volatile bool timerThreadDone ;
-
- public:
- friend void TimerThreadStart(void* para) ;
- IEvent<Timer* ,NullType>* TimerTicked ;
- Timer(int span_InMillSecs)
- {
- this->isStop = true ;
- this->timerThreadDone = true ;
- this->spanInMillSecs = span_InMillSecs ;
- this->TimerTicked = new EventPublisher<Timer* ,NullType> ;
- }
-
- ~Timer()
- {
- this->Stop() ;
- delete this->TimerTicked ;
- }
- void Start()
- {
- if(! this->isStop)
- {
- return ;
- }
- this->isStop = false ;
- Thread thread ;
- thread.Start(TimerThreadStart ,this) ;
-
-
-
- }
- void Stop()
- {
- if( this->isStop)
- {
- return ;
- }
-
- this->isStop = true ;
-
- while(! this->timerThreadDone)
- {
- Sleep(200) ;
- }
- }
- private:
- void WorkerThread()
- {
- this->timerThreadDone = false ;
- while(! this->isStop)
- {
- Sleep(this->spanInMillSecs) ;
- if(this->isStop)
- {
- break ;
- }
-
- NullType nullObj ;
- ((EventPublisher<Timer* ,NullType>*)this->TimerTicked)->Invoke(this ,nullObj) ;
- }
- this->timerThreadDone = true ;
- }
- };
- void TimerThreadStart(void* para)
- {
- Timer* timer = (Timer*)para ;
- timer->WorkerThread() ;
- }
- #endif
#ifndef TIMER_H#define TIMER_H/* Timer 定时器,每经过一段指定时间就触发事件 创 作 者:sky 时 间:2005.06.22 修订时间:2005.06.22*/#include "IEvent.h"#include "Thread.h"void TimerThreadStart(void* para) ;class Timer{private: int spanInMillSecs ; volatile bool isStop ; volatile bool timerThreadDone ; public: friend void TimerThreadStart(void* para) ; IEvent<Timer* ,NullType>* TimerTicked ; Timer(int span_InMillSecs) { this->isStop = true ; this->timerThreadDone = true ; this->spanInMillSecs = span_InMillSecs ; this->TimerTicked = new EventPublisher<Timer* ,NullType> ; } ~Timer() { this->Stop() ; delete this->TimerTicked ; } void Start() { if(! this->isStop) { return ; } this->isStop = false ; Thread thread ; thread.Start(TimerThreadStart ,this) ; //unsigned int dwThreadId ; //HANDLE hThread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0 , (unsigned int (_stdcall*)(void*))&TimerThreadStart , this, 0, &dwThreadId); } void Stop() { if( this->isStop) { return ; } this->isStop = true ; //等待工作线程退出 while(! this->timerThreadDone) { Sleep(200) ; } }private: void WorkerThread() { this->timerThreadDone = false ; while(! this->isStop) { Sleep(this->spanInMillSecs) ; if(this->isStop) { break ; } NullType nullObj ; ((EventPublisher<Timer* ,NullType>*)this->TimerTicked)->Invoke(this ,nullObj) ; } this->timerThreadDone = true ; }};void TimerThreadStart(void* para){ Timer* timer = (Timer*)para ; timer->WorkerThread() ;}#endif
上面的示例清晰地说明了如何发布一个事件,如何在适当的时候触发事件,接下来看看如何预定事件。
三. 预定事件例子
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- class TimerEventExample :public IEventHandler<Timer* ,NullType> ,CriticalSection
- {
- private:
- Timer* timer ;
-
- public:
- TimerEventExample(int checkSpan)
- {
- this->timer = new Timer(checkSpan) ;
- this->timer->TimerTicked->Register(this) ;
- }
- ~TimerEventExample()
- {
- delete this->timer ;
- }
- private:
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- void HandleEvent(Timer* sender ,NullType para)
- {
- cout<<"Time ticked !"<<endl ;
- }
- };
class TimerEventExample :public IEventHandler<Timer* ,NullType> ,CriticalSection{private: Timer* timer ; public: TimerEventExample(int checkSpan) { this->timer = new Timer(checkSpan) ; this->timer->TimerTicked->Register(this) ; } ~TimerEventExample() { delete this->timer ; } private: //处理定时事件 void HandleEvent(Timer* sender ,NullType para) { cout<<"Time ticked !"<<endl ; }};
到这里,已经将C++中的事件机制的实现及使用讲清楚了。C#提供了很多便利的基础设施来支持组件开发,而在C++中,这些基础设施需要自己动手来构建,在拥有了这些设施之后,相信使用C++进行组件开发会轻松一点。