Mini2440 按键驱动程序学习笔记
参考了友善之臂的按键驱动程序和韦东山写的《嵌入式Linux应用开发完全手册》一书的第20章—Linux异常处理体系结构部分的按键驱动程序，修改了部分内容，学习了嵌入式Linux下按键驱动程序。
按照习惯，先看原理，对所学习的知识结构有了大致的了解了开始阅读别人的代码，仔细分析代码实现的每个过程。由于时间有限，我只了解了一些概念性的理论和内核代码中部分数据结构，学习的过程还有待深入。对于我这样的初学者来说，想把资料中所介绍的每个原理和具体的实现方法都完全掌握，恐怕不止是时间的问题，我所追求的是一种快速上手的方法，先学会用再深入学习。
下面是经我改动后的按键驱动程序：
/*buttons_driver.c*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <mach/hardware.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#define DEVICE_NAME "buttons"
struct button_irq_desc {
int irq;
int pin;
int pin_setting;
int number;
char *name;
};
static struct button_irq_desc button_irqs [] = {
{IRQ_EINT8 , S3C2410_GPG0 , S3C2410_GPG0_EINT8 , 0, "KEY0"},
{IRQ_EINT11, S3C2410_GPG3 , S3C2410_GPG3_EINT11 , 1, "KEY1"},
{IRQ_EINT13, S3C2410_GPG5 , S3C2410_GPG5_EINT13 , 2, "KEY2"},
{IRQ_EINT15, S3C2410_GPG7 , S3C2410_GPG7_EINT15 , 3, "KEY3"},
{IRQ_EINT14, S3C2410_GPG6 , S3C2410_GPG6_EINT14 , 4, "KEY4"},
{IRQ_EINT19, S3C2410_GPG11, S3C2410_GPG11_EINT19, 5, "KEY5"},
};
static volatile char key_values [] = {'0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'};
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
static irqreturn_t buttons_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct button_irq_desc *button_irqs = (struct button_irq_desc *)dev_id;
if ('0'== key_values[button_irqs->number]) { // Changed
key_values[button_irqs->number] = '1';
}
else if('1' == key_values[button_irqs->number]){
key_values[button_irqs->number] = '0';
}
ev_press = 1;
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int s3c24xx_buttons_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int i;
int err;
//set the interrupt to falling
//友善的是上升沿和下降沿都中断，这里改成下降沿中断
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(button_irqs)/sizeof(button_irqs[0]); i++) {
err = request_irq(button_irqs[i].irq, buttons_interrupt, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING,
button_irqs[i].name, (void *)&button_irqs[i]);
if (err)
break;
}
if (err) {
i--;
for (; i >= 0; i--) {
disable_irq(button_irqs[i].irq);
free_irq(button_irqs[i].irq, (void *)&button_irqs[i]);
}
return -EBUSY;
}
ev_press = 1;
return 0;
}
static int s3c24xx_buttons_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(button_irqs)/sizeof(button_irqs[0]); i++) {
free_irq(button_irqs[i].irq, (void *)&button_irqs[i]);
}
return 0;
}
static int s3c24xx_buttons_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buff, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
unsigned long err;
if (!ev_press) {
if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
return -EAGAIN;
else
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
}
ev_press = 0;
err = copy_to_user(buff, (const void *)key_values, min(sizeof(key_values), count));
return err ? -EFAULT : min(sizeof(key_values), count);
}
#if 0
static unsigned int s3c24xx_buttons_poll( struct file *file, struct poll_table_struct *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait);
if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
return mask;
}
#endif
static struct file_operations dev_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = s3c24xx_buttons_open,
.release = s3c24xx_buttons_close,
.read = s3c24xx_buttons_read,
//.poll = s3c24xx_buttons_poll,
};
static struct miscdevice misc = {
.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
.name = DEVICE_NAME,
.fops = &dev_fops,
};
static int __init dev_init(void)
{
int ret;
ret = misc_register(&misc);
printk (DEVICE_NAME"\tinitialized\n");
return ret;
}
static void __exit dev_exit(void)
{
misc_deregister(&misc);
}
module_init(dev_init);
module_exit(dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("MARK");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Study S3C2440");
Makefile 文件如下：
obj-m:=buttons_driver.o
CURRENT_PATH:=$(shell pwd)
ARM_LINUX_KERNEL:=/opt/linux-2.6.29.1
all:
$(MAKE) -C $(ARM_LINUX_KERNEL) SUBDIRS=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules
clean:
rm -rf *.cmd *.o *.ko *.mod.c *.symvers *.order
测试程序如下：
/*buttons_test.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(void)
{
int buttons_fd;
char buttons[6] = {'0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'};
buttons_fd = open("/dev/buttons", 0);
if (buttons_fd < 0) {
perror("open device buttons");
exit(1);
}
for (;;) {
char current_buttons[6];
int i;
if (read(buttons_fd, current_buttons, sizeof current_buttons) != sizeof current_buttons) {
perror("read buttons:");
exit(1);
}
for (i = 0; i < sizeof buttons / sizeof buttons[0]; i++) {
if (buttons[i] != current_buttons[i]) {
buttons[i] = current_buttons[i];
printf("The %d key is pressed!\n",i+1);
}
}
}
close(buttons_fd);
return 0;
}
Makefile文件如下：
all:
arm-linux-gcc buttons_test.c -o buttons_test
clean:
rm -rf *.o buttons_test
总结一下：参考的资料是韦东山的《嵌入式Linux应用开发完全手册》，这本书我买了，感觉里面既将了入门的知识，也讲了需要一定基础才能掌握的知识，作为参考是本不错的书，虽然没有把每一步都完全讲出来，也不可能讲得那么详细。还有就是《Linux设备驱动程序(第三版)》，这本书我也买了，个人感觉很不错，LW写的书就是专业，讲的都是核心知识。还有就是《Linux设备驱动开发详解》，宋宝华编的，看过他的资料，从他写的书中可以看出他Linux方面非常专业，非常深入，有一股傲气，向他学习没错。很想买这本书，可惜暂时没Money(可怜的人啊)，等过一段时间一定买一本。