C++虚基类_虚拟继承

虚基类构造函数的参数必须由最新派生出的类负责初始化,即使不是直接继承,

示例程序的虚基类的构造函数只执行一次:


#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class base
{
protected :
 int x;
public :
 base( int x1)
 {
  x = x1;
  cout << " constructing base  , x = " << x << endl;
 }
};

class base1 : virtual public base
{
 int y;
public :
 base1( int x1, int y1) : base(x1)
 {
  y = y1;
  cout << " constructing base1  , y = "  << y << endl;
 }
};

class base2 : virtual public base
{
 int z ;
public :
 base2( int x1, int z1) : base(x1)
 {
  z = z1;
  cout << " constructing base2,   z = "  << z << endl;
 }

};

class derived : public base1, public base2
{
 int xyz;
public :
 derived( int x1, int y1, int z1, int xyz1) : base(x1),base2(x1,z1),base1(x1,y1)
 {
  xyz = xyz1;
  cout << " constructing derived, xyz = " << xyz << endl;
 }
};

int  main ()
{
 derived ob(1,2,3,4);
 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

 

在derived构造函数中,如果没有base(x1)将报错,因为derived的直接基类中有虚继承base的,且base的构造函数是有参数的,可以形象的理解为“ derived继承了base ” ,所以需要在初始化列表中对父类初始化。

 

 

 程序运行结果 :

constructing base ,  x = 1

constructing base1 ,  y = 2

constructing base2 ,  z = 3

constructing derived,  xyz = 4

 

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