对于网络开发而言,最常用的交互模式:WebService、Web Server、Socket程序,一些Socket程序的使用要比JSP/Servlet等程序更加安全,所以在许多的Android手机端都会利用Socket进行数据的交互。
下面我们来完成一个简单的Echo程序
首先定义服务器端程序,MyServer.java
package com.iflytek.server; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; /** * @author xdwang * * @create 2012-11-16 下午9:46:04 * * @email:[email protected] * * @description Socket 服务 * */ public class MyServer { public static void main(String[] args) { try { ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);// 在8888端口上监听 Socket client = server.accept();// 接受客户端请求 PrintStream out = new PrintStream(client.getOutputStream());// 取得客户端输出流 BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( client.getInputStream()));// 字符缓冲区读取 StringBuffer info = new StringBuffer();// 接受客户端的信息 info.append("Android:");// 回应数据 info.append(buf.readLine());// 接受数据 out.print(info);// 发送信息 out.close(); buf.close(); client.close(); server.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } } }
Android客户端,Socket01_EchoActivity.java
package com.iflytek.demo; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.Socket; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class Socket01_EchoActivity extends Activity { private Button send = null; private TextView infoTxt = null; public Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { super.handleMessage(msg); switch (msg.what) { case 1: infoTxt.setText(msg.obj.toString()); break; default: break; } } }; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); this.send = (Button) super.findViewById(R.id.send); this.infoTxt = (TextView) super.findViewById(R.id.info); this.send.setOnClickListener(new SendOnClickListener()); } private class SendOnClickListener implements OnClickListener { @Override public void onClick(View v) { final AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() { @Override protected void onPostExecute(String result) { final String temp = result; Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Message msg = new Message(); msg.what = 1; msg.obj = temp; handler.sendMessage(msg); } }); thread.start(); } @Override protected void onPreExecute() { super.onPreExecute(); } @Override protected String doInBackground(Void... arg0) { String result = ""; try { Socket client = new Socket("IP", 8888);// 指定服务器 PrintStream out = new PrintStream( client.getOutputStream());// 打印流输出 BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));// 缓冲区读取 out.println("王旭东"); // 向服务器端发送数据 result = buf.readLine(); out.close(); buf.close(); client.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } }; task.execute(); } } }
AndroidManifest.xml同样需要访问网络的权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
其实在Android之中所编写的客户端代码与在java中所编写的Socket程序的客户端代码的功能是完全一样的,没有任何区别。
Ok,我们再来看看利用Socket进行上传操作,在完成上传的同时,附加多种数据如文件标题、大小等。
其实现方式:
1、我们可以直接将所有数据通过字节数组传送,如果采用这种方式,则需要传送两类数据,一种数据类型是自定义的头信息(如文件类型、大小等都通过头信息传递);另一种数据类型才是真正要上传的文件内容。但是这样做在服务器端的接收会比较麻烦,因为所有的数据都是按照字节流的方式传输的,所以必须在各种不同的数据间设置分隔符,而后取出数据时必须处理掉这些分隔符。
2、通过对象序列化的方法完成,使用一个专门的长传数据封装类,将所有的数据内容、文件内容(以字节数组保存)进行封装,而后利用对象序列化的方式,将该对象送到服务器端。使用这种方式处理较为容易,也很方便。
首先定义包装数据的序列化对象类,UploadFile.java
package com.iflytek.util; import java.io.Serializable; /** * @author xdwang * * @create 2012-11-16 下午10:39:01 * * @email:[email protected] * * @description 数据的序列化对象类,进行序列化传输 * */ @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class UploadFile implements Serializable { private String title;//信息标题 private byte[] contentData;//文件内容 private String mimeType;//文件类型 private long contentLength;//文件长度 private String ext;//扩展名 public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public byte[] getContentData() { return contentData; } public void setContentData(byte[] contentData) { this.contentData = contentData; } public String getMimeType() { return mimeType; } public void setMimeType(String mimeType) { this.mimeType = mimeType; } public long getContentLength() { return contentLength; } public void setContentLength(long contentLength) { this.contentLength = contentLength; } public String getExt() { return ext; } public void setExt(String ext) { this.ext = ext; } }
然后服务器端也要一个相同的类
服务器端服务类,MyServer02.java
package com.iflytek.server; import java.net.ServerSocket; public class MyServer02 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { String ss = ""; System.out.println(ss); // 调用线程类启动服务 ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8889); // 服务器端端口 boolean flag = true; // 定义标记,可以一直死循环 while (flag) { // 通过标记判断循环 new Thread(new ServerThreadUtil(server.accept())).start(); // 启动线程 } server.close(); // 关闭服务器 } catch (Exception e) { } } }
服务器端的多线程操作类,ServerThreadUtil.java
package com.iflytek.server; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.UUID; import com.iflytek.util.UploadFile; /** * @author xdwang * * @create 2012-11-16 下午10:49:46 * * @email:[email protected] * * @description 多线程操作类 * */ public class ServerThreadUtil implements Runnable { private static final String DIRPATH = "D:" + File.separator + "xdwang" + File.separator; // 保存文件夹 private Socket client = null;//接受客户端 private UploadFile uploadFile = null;//传递对象 public ServerThreadUtil(Socket client) {//通过构造方法设置Socket this.client = client; System.out.println("新的客户端连接..."); } @Override public void run() { try { PrintStream out = new PrintStream(this.client.getOutputStream());//取得客户端的输出流 ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( client.getInputStream()); // 取得客户端的输入流,反序列化 this.uploadFile = (UploadFile) ois.readObject(); // 读取对象 System.out.println("文件标题:" + this.uploadFile.getTitle()); System.out.println("文件类型:" + this.uploadFile.getMimeType()); System.out.println("文件大小:" + this.uploadFile.getContentLength()); out.print(this.saveFile());//返回标记 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { this.client.close();//关闭客户端连接 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * @descrption 进行文件保存 * @author xdwang * @create 2012-11-16下午10:52:18 * @return * @throws Exception */ private boolean saveFile() throws Exception { File file = new File(DIRPATH + UUID.randomUUID() + "." + this.uploadFile.getExt()); if (!file.getParentFile().exists()) { file.getParentFile().mkdir(); } OutputStream output = null; try { output = new FileOutputStream(file); output.write(this.uploadFile.getContentData()); return true; } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } finally { output.close(); } } }
Android客户端,Socket02_Activity.java
package com.iflytek.demo; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.net.Socket; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Environment; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import com.iflytek.util.UploadFile; public class Socket02_Activity extends Activity { private Button send = null; private TextView info = null; private static final int FINISH = 0; private Handler myHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case FINISH: String result = msg.obj.toString(); // 取出数据 if ("true".equals(result)) { Socket02_Activity.this.info.setText("操作成功!"); } else { Socket02_Activity.this.info.setText("操作失败!"); } break; } } }; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); this.send = (Button) super.findViewById(R.id.send); this.info = (TextView) super.findViewById(R.id.info); this.send.setOnClickListener(new SendOnClickListener()); } /** * * @author xdwang * * @create 2012-11-16 下午10:44:57 * * @email:[email protected] * * @description UploadFile封装的数据通过ObjectOutputStream发送到服务器,服务器返回true or flase * */ private class SendOnClickListener implements OnClickListener { @Override public void onClick(View v) { try { final AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() { @Override protected void onPostExecute(String result) { } @Override protected void onPreExecute() { super.onPreExecute(); } @Override protected String doInBackground(Void... arg0) { try { final Socket client = new Socket("10.0.0.3", 8889);// 指定服务器 final BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( client.getInputStream())); // 缓冲区读取返回的数据 new Thread(new Runnable() {// 创建线程对象 @Override public void run() { try { ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( client.getOutputStream());// 对象输出流 UploadFile myFile = SendOnClickListener.this .getUploadFile();// 取得封装的数据 oos.writeObject(myFile);// 输出对象 String str = buf.readLine(); // 读取返回数据 oos.close(); Message msg = Socket02_Activity.this.myHandler .obtainMessage(FINISH, str); Socket02_Activity.this.myHandler .sendMessage(msg); buf.close(); client.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } return null; } }; task.execute(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * @descrption 封装数据的方法 * @author xdwang * @create 2012-11-15下午10:46:06 * @return * @throws Exception */ private UploadFile getUploadFile() throws Exception { UploadFile myFile = new UploadFile();// 上传封装 myFile.setTitle("Java"); // 设置标题 myFile.setMimeType("image/jpeg"); // 文件的类型 File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() .toString() + File.separator + "java.jpg");// 这里不判断SDCard了 InputStream input = null;// 输入流读取 try { input = new FileInputStream(file); // 从文件中读取 ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();// 字节流 byte data[] = new byte[1024];// 开辟读取空间 int len = 0; while ((len = input.read(data)) != -1) {// 循环读取 bos.write(data, 0, len);// 保存数据 } myFile.setContentData(bos.toByteArray());// 保存所有数据 myFile.setContentLength(file.length());// 取得文件大小 myFile.setExt("jpg");// 文件后缀名 } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } finally { input.close(); } return myFile; } } }