http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client/examples.html
HttpClient 4.0出来不久,所以网络上面相关的实例教程不多,搜httpclient得到的大部分都是基于原 Commons HttpClient 3.1 (legacy) 包的,官网下载页面:http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi,如果大家看了官网说明就明白httpclient4.0是从原包分支出来独立成包的,以后原来那个包中的httpclient不会再升级,所以以后我们是用httpclient新分支,由于4.0与之前的3.1包结构以及接口等都有较大变化,所以网上搜到的实例大部分都是不适合4.0的,当然,我们可以通过那些实例去琢磨4.0的用法,我也是新手,记录下学习过程方便以后检索
本实例我们来获取抓取网页编码,内容等信息
默认情况下,服务器端会根据客户端的请求头信息来返回服务器支持的编码,像google.cn他本身支持utf-8,gb2312等编码,所以如果你在头部中不指定任何头部信息的话他默认会返回gb2312编码,而如果我们在浏览器中直接访问google.cn,通过httplook,或者firefox的firebug插件查看返回头部信息的话会发现他返回的是UTF-8编码
下面我们还是看实例来解说吧,注释等我也放代码里面解释,放完整代码,方便新手理解
本实例将
使用的httpclient相关包
httpclient-4.0.jar
httpcore-4.0.1.jar
httpmime-4.0.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar等其它相关包
1、创建new DefaultHttpClient()对象
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
2、创建new HttpPost(url)对象
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
3、把参数通过new BasicNameValuePair(temp,params.get(temp))(key,value)封装后存入List中
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(temp,params.get(temp)));
4、通过post.setEntity实例化参数,并通过new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,encoding)设置参数的格式
post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,encoding));
5、通过new BasicHeader(str,headers.get(str))(key,value)组装头部信息
allHeader[i] = new BasicHeader(str,headers.get(str));
6、client.execute(post)执行(client为第一步创建的对象,post为第二步创建的对象)
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
如果你要使用代理时,在第二步后面加上如下两句:
HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("172.16.251.58", 3128);
client.getParams().setParameter(ConnRoutePNames.DEFAULT_PROXY, proxy);
// HttpClientTest.java package test; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; import org.apache.http.Header; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpHost; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; class HttpClientTest { public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 初始化,此处构造函数就与3.1中不同 HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("www.google.cn"); // HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.apache.org/"); HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/"); // 查看默认request头部信息 System.out.println("Accept-Charset:" + httpget.getFirstHeader("Accept-Charset")); // 以下这条如果不加会发现无论你设置Accept-Charset为gbk还是utf-8,他都会默认返回gb2312(本例针对google.cn来说) httpget.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.2)"); // 用逗号分隔显示可以同时接受多种编码 httpget.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-cn,zh;q=0.5"); httpget.setHeader("Accept-Charset", "GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7"); // 验证头部信息设置生效 System.out.println("Accept-Charset:" + httpget.getFirstHeader("Accept-Charset").getValue()); // Execute HTTP request System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI()); HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httpget); // HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); System.out.println("Location: " + response.getLastHeader("Location")); System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()); System.out.println(response.getLastHeader("Content-Type")); System.out.println(response.getLastHeader("Content-Length")); System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); // 判断页面返回状态判断是否进行转向抓取新链接 int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); if ((statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY) || (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) || (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_SEE_OTHER) || (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT)) { // 此处重定向处理 此处还未验证 String newUri = response.getLastHeader("Location").getValue(); httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); httpget = new HttpGet(newUri); response = httpclient.execute(httpget); } // Get hold of the response entity HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 查看所有返回头部信息 Header headers[] = response.getAllHeaders(); int ii = 0; while (ii < headers.length) { System.out.println(headers[ii].getName() + ": " + headers[ii].getValue()); ++ii; } // If the response does not enclose an entity, there is no need // to bother about connection release if (entity != null) { // 将源码流保存在一个byte数组当中,因为可能需要两次用到该流, byte[] bytes = EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity); String charSet = ""; // 如果头部Content-Type中包含了编码信息,那么我们可以直接在此处获取 charSet = EntityUtils.getContentCharSet(entity); System.out.println("In header: " + charSet); // 如果头部中没有,那么我们需要 查看页面源码,这个方法虽然不能说完全正确,因为有些粗糙的网页编码者没有在页面中写头部编码信息 if (charSet == "") { regEx = "(?=<meta).*?(?<=charset=[\\'|\\\"]?)([[a-z]|[A-Z]|[0-9]|-]*)"; p = Pattern.compile(regEx, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); m = p.matcher(new String(bytes)); // 默认编码转成字符串,因为我们的匹配中无中文,所以串中可能的乱码对我们没有影响 result = m.find(); if (m.groupCount() == 1) { charSet = m.group(1); } else { charSet = ""; } } System.out.println("Last get: " + charSet); // 至此,我们可以将原byte数组按照正常编码专成字符串输出(如果找到了编码的话) System.out.println("Encoding string is: " + new String(bytes, charSet)); } httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown(); } }更多资源请参考:
http://seattle2881.iteye.com/blog/1134148
http://www.cnblogs.com/jjj250/archive/2010/07/25/1784899.htm
http://aose0827.blog.sohu.com/157317541.html