配置Linux（cent os 5.2）服务器并安装PHP、MySQL、NGINX

转自：http://www.wemvc.com/535.html

作者：Joshua

时间：2009年3月

前提：安装centos 5.2安装时默认配置就好，配置好网卡，安装系统时自订软件，只安装最基本的工具，Development Library、Development Tool、Editor。

相关站点：

PHP

Official Nginx Site

Nginx Wiki

Official PCRE Site

相关软件：

首先我们要看下Zend Framework官方的的需求。

Table A.1. PHP Extensions Used in Zend Framework by Component

Extension	Dependency Type	Used by Zend Framework Components
apc	Hard	Zend_Cache_Backend_Apc
bcmath	Soft	Zend_Locale
bitset	Soft	Zend_Search_Lucene
bz2	—	—
calendar	—	—
com_dotnet	—	—
ctype	Hard	Zend_Auth_Adapter_Http
		Zend_Gdata
		Zend_Http_Client
		Zend_Pdf
		Zend_Rest_Client
		Zend_Rest_Server
		Zend_Search_Lucene
		Zend_Uri
		Zend_Validate
curl	Hard	Zend_Http_Client_Adapter_Curl
date	—	—
dba	—	—
dbase	—	—
dom	Hard	Zend_Feed
		Zend_Gdata
		Zend_Log_Formatter_Xml
		Zend_Rest_Server
		Zend_Search_Lucene
		Zend_Service_Amazon
		Zend_Service_Delicious
		Zend_Service_Flickr
		Zend_Service_Simpy
		Zend_Service_Yahoo
		Zend_XmlRpc
exif	—	—
fbsql	—	—
fdf	—	—
filter	—	—
ftp	—	—
gd	Hard	Zend_Pdf
gettext	—	—
gmp	—	—
hash	Hard	Zend_Auth_Adapter_Http
ibm_db2	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Db2
iconv	Hard	Zend_Currency
		Zend_Locale_Format
		Zend_Mime
		Zend_Pdf
		Zend_Search_Lucene
		Zend_Service_Audioscrobbler
		Zend_Service_Flickr
		Zend_XmlRpc_Client
imap	—	—
informix	—	—
interbase	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Firebird
json	Soft	Zend_Json
ldap	—	—
libxml	Hard	DOM
		SimpleXML
		XSLT
mbstring	Hard	Zend_Feed
mcrypt	—	—
memcache	Hard	Zend_Cache_Backend_Memcached
mhash	—	—
mime_magic	Hard	Zend_Http_Client
ming	—	—
msql	—	—
mssql	—	—
mysql	—	—
mysqli	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Mysqli
ncurses	—	—
oci8	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle
odbc	—	—
openssl	—	—
pcntl	—	—
pcre	Hard	Virtually all components
pdo	Hard	All PDO database adapters
pdo_dblib	—	—
pdo_firebird	—	—
pdo_mssql	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Mssql
pdo_mysql	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Mysql
pdo_oci	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Oci
pdo_pgsql	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Pgsql
pdo_sqlite	Hard	Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Sqlite
pgsql	—	—
posix	Soft	Zend_Mail
pspell	—	—
readline	—	—
recode	—	—
Reflection	Hard	Zend_Controller
		Zend_Filter
		Zend_Filter_Input
		Zend_Json
		Zend_Log
		Zend_Rest_Server
		Zend_Server_Reflection
		Zend_Validate
		Zend_View
		Zend_XmlRpc_Server
session	Hard	Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_Redirector
		Zend_Session
shmop	—
SimpleXML	Hard	Zend_Config_Xml
		Zend_Feed
		Zend_Rest_Client
		Zend_Service_Audioscrobbler
		Zend_XmlRpc
soap	Hard	Zend_Service_StrikeIron
sockets	—	—
SPL	Hard	Virtually all components
SQLite	Hard	Zend_Cache_Backend_Sqlite
standard	Hard	Virtually all components
sybase	—	—
sysvmsg	—	—
sysvsem	—	–
sysvshm	—	—
tidy	—	—
tokenizer	—	—
wddx	—	—
xml	Hard	Zend_Translate_Adapter_Qt
		Zend_Translate_Adapter_Tmx
		Zend_Translate_Adapter_Xliff
XMLReader	—	—
xmlrpc	—	—
XMLWriter	—	—
xsl	—	—
zip	—	—
zlib	Hard	Zend_Pdf
		Memcache

php-5.2.5.tar.gz

libxml2-2.6.24.tar.gz （安装php5必须）
curl-7.15.0.tar.gz
libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz

xmlrpc-2.2.1.tar.gz

libedit-0.3.tar.gz

pspell-.12.2.tar.gz

openssl-0.9.8i.tar.gz

gettext-0.17.tar.gz
gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
freetype-2.3.7.tar.gz
jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
libpng-1.2.33.tar.gz
zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz

http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz

libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.17.tar.gz
http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/libxml2/2.6/libxml2-2.6.24.tar.gz
http://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-7.15.0.tar.gz
ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz

http://voxel.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz

http://www.libgd.org/releases/gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
http://voxel.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/freetype/freetype-2.3.7.tar.gz
http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
http://voxel.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/libpng/libpng-1.2.33.tar.gz
http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz

http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz

把以上所有软件包下载到：/home/source/software/目录下。

mysql-5.1.30-linux-i686-glibc23

如果系统为64位，请下载mysql源码进行64位的编译安装。

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

 cd support-files
 cp my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
 cp mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
 chkconfig --add mysqld
 chkconfig mysqld on
 service mysqld start
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe   -user=mysql & //加&以后台模式启动mysql
 设置mysql root密码
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 密码 //全新安装的mysql没有密码
 修改mysql root密码
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u原密码 root password 新密码
 进入mysql
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
 停止、启动mysql
 /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server { stat | stop }
 service mysqld { stat | stop }

MySQL路径为/usr/local/mysql

去PHP官网下载最新的源码包，我下的是php-5.2.6.tar.bz2。

pspell-.12.2.tar.gz

mkdir /usr/local/pspell
cd pspell-.12.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pspell
make; make install

a.安装 jpeg6
建立目录：

mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg
mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg/bin
mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg/lib
mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg/include
mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg/man
mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg/man1
mkdir -p /usr/local/jpeg/man/man1
cd /home/source/software/
tar -zvxf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg/ --enable-shared --enable-static
make; make install

备注：

在64 位下编译jpeg-6b时候报以下错误： 

make: ./libtool: Command not found 
make: *** [jcapimin.lo] Error 127 

错误分析：由于libtool版本过低导致的，重新下载新版本的libtool以默认方式安装，执行以下命令： 

./configure 
make 
make install 

然后进入jpeg-6b的源码目录，然后执行以下步骤，切记！ 

cp /usr/share/libtool/config.sub . 
cp /usr/share/libtool/config.guess . 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg/ --enable-shared --enable-static 
make 
make install 

 

b.:安装zlib

cd /home/source/software/
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zlib
cd zlib.1.2.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib
make;make install

c.安装 freetype

cd /home/source/software/
tar -zvxf freetype-2.1.10.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.1.10
mkdir -p /usr/local/freetype
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
make;make install

d.安装libpng

cd /home/source/software/
mkdir -p /usr/local/png
tar -zvxf libpng-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.8
cp scripts/makefile.std makefile
 
vi makefile

不要用prefix定义路径否则会影响gd安装

ZLIBLIB=/usr/local/zlib
ZLIBINC=/usr/local/zlib/include

make; make install

e.安装gettext
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.17.tar.gz

tar xf gettext-0.17.tar.gz
cd gettext-0.17
mkdir /usr/local/gettext
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gettext
make
make install

f.安装GD库

cd /home/source/software/
tar -zvxf gd-2.0.33.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/gd2
cd gd-2.0.33
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2 --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg/
--with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib
--with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype/
--with-png
make; make install

安装GD
tar xzvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
cd gd-2.0.35
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/gd2 –with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg6/ –with-png –with-zlib –with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype/ –with-fontconfig=/usr/local/fontconfig
make
make install
错误：
configure.ac:64: error: possibly undefined macro: AM_ICONV
If this token and others are legitimate, please use m4_pattern_allow.
See the Autoconf documentation.
解决：
cd ..
tar zxvf gettext-0.17.tar.gz
cd gettext-0.17
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/gettext –disable-java –disable-native-java
make
make install
/bin/sed: can’t read /lib/libattr.la: No such file or directory
ln -s /usr/lib/* /lib/
再安装gettext
再安装gd

X86 64位LINUX下安装GD的注意事项
错误提示：
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.a(jcapimin.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol’ can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC

进入Jpeg目录
CFLAGS=”-O3 -fPIC” ./configure
make
make install-lib

编译前需指定为64位编译模式，否则会出现以下错误：
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libz.a(crc32.o): relocation R_X86_64_32against `a local symbol’ can not be used when making a shared object;recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/lib/libz.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
解决办法 : 重新安装 zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz

tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3
./configure

vi Makefile
找到 CFLAGS=-O3 -DUSE_MMAP
在后面加入-fPIC，即变成CFLAGS=-O3 -DUSE_MMAP -fPIC
接下面步骤

make
make install

nfig.so -L/usr/lib64 /usr/local/freetype/lib/libfreetype.so -lpng -lz -lm -Wl,–rpath -Wl,/usr/local/freetype/lib -Wl,-soname -Wl,libgd.so.2 -o .libs/libgd.so.2.0.0
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libpng.a(png.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol’ can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/lib/libpng.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
重新安装libpng;删除解压文件，重新解压
cp scripts/makefile.linux makefile
vi Makefile
找到 CFLAGS=后加上-fPIC
make test
make install

再重新安接gd;
vi Makefile
找到 CFLAGS=后加上-fPIC

g.安装Curl库

cd /home/source/software/
tar -zvxf curl-7.15.0.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/curl
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/curl
make; make install

h.安装libxml2

cd /home/xiutuo/software/
tar -zxvf libxml2-2.6.24.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.6.24
mkdir -p /usr/local/libxml2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
make; make install

i.安装libiconv-1.12.tar.gz

tar -zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.12
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
make
make install
make clean

j.安装libmcrypt
ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz

tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
mkdir /usr/local/libmcrypt
cd libmcrypt-2.5.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
make
make install

k.安装mhash

http://voxel.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz

tar xf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9
mkdir /usr/local/mhash
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mhash/
make;make install

j.安装PHP

如果使用PHP-FPM (PHP FastCGI Process Manager)来对进程进行管理，则需要提前做如下工作：
请阅读:《使用PHP-FPM (PHP FastCGI Process Manager)来对php-cgi进程进行管理》

$ sudo -s
$ mkdir /usr/local/php
$ mkdir /usr/local/php/sourcecode
$ mv ~/Download/php-5.2.6.tar.bz2 /usr/local/php/sourcecode
$ cd /usr/local/php/sourcecode
$ tar xf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
$ cd php-5.2.6

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-curl=/usr/local/curl --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 --with-libexpat-dir=/usr/lib --with-gd=/usr/local/gd2/ --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg/ --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib/ --with-png-dir=/usr/local/png/ --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype/ --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-dom --enable-sysvshm=yes --enable-ftp --enable-calendar --enable-sockets --with-db4 --with-bz2 --with-iconv=/usr/local/libiconv --with-gettext=/usr/local/gettext --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt --enable-mbstring=cn --with-mhash=/usr/local/mhash --with-mime-magic --with-openssl --disable-cli --enable-bcmath --enable-calendar --enable-ctype --enable-shmop --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-wddx --enable-zip --enable-dba=shared --enable-dbase --enable-exif --with-pspell=/usr/local/pspell --with-gmp
$ make
$ make install

当编译php时如果在64位系统下出现如下报错信息

checking for MySQL UNIX socket location… no
checking for mysql_close in -lmysqlclient… no
checking for mysql_error in -lmysqlclient… no
configure: error: mysql configure failed. Please check config.log for more information.
是使用了二进制的mysql所致，请下载mysql源码进行64位的编译安装。

说明：
sudo -s切换到超级用户模式，输入你的密码；
mkdir /usr/local/php建立php 5.2.6的安装目录；
mkdir /usr/local/php/sourcecode 并建立源码包存放位置，以方便日后快速的往php里面添加所须的模块；
解压缩，然后配置安装。

Mac OS 10.5不带PCRE，而PCRE又是NGINX不可缺少的，所以要我们自己安装。

$ mkdir -p /usr/local/src
$ cd /usr/local/src
$ curl -O ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz pcre-7.7.tar.gz
$ cd pcre-7.7
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-utf8
$ make
$ make install
$ cd ..

可以直接到官方下载源码包，也可以从用下面的CURL下载。

$ cd /tmp
$ curl -O http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.32.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz nginx-0.6.32.tar.gz
$ cd nginx-0.6.32
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
$ make
$ sudo make install

启动NGINX：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

至此东西安装好了，看下http://localhost/，是不是nginx在欢迎你进入它的世界呢？呵呵，如果你看到了，那么恭喜你。

NGINX配置文件修改:

server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ .*\.php?$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:1026;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}

启动PHPCGI：

/usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi -q -b "127.0.0.1:1026"

此时你可以在/usr/local/nginx/html/底下写一个index.php，然后访问http://localhost/index.php
phpinfo();
?>

bash-3.2# curl -o http://www.lighttpd.net/download/lighttpd-1.4.20.tar.gz
bash-3.2# tar xf lighttpd-1.4.20.tar.gz
bash-3.2# cd lighttpd-1.4.20
bash-3.2# ./configure
bash-3.2# make
bash-3.2# cp src/spawn-fcgi /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

bash-3.2# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/spawn-fcgi -p 1026 -C 5 -u nobody -g nobody -f /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi

也可以自己写个shell脚本，在此就不多写了。

大公告成～！

备注：

若出现这个错误

error while loading shared libraries: /usr/local/gd/lib/libgd.so.2: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied

原来这是SELinux搞的鬼，解决办法有如下两个
1. 使用chcon 命令
示例: chcon -t texrel_shlib_t /usr/local/gd/lib/libgd/*.so.2
2. 禁止掉SELinux
更改/etc/sysconfig/selinux 文件的内容为 SELINUX=disabled

附加使用教程：
关闭NGINX:(Mac OS 用户可以通过活动监视器杀死nginx进程)

killall -9 nginx

不中断服务，重新启动NGINX:

ps -aux | grep nginx

查看主进程号pid

kill -HUP pid

作者：JoshuaLJD