假设我们定义了四个bean类,其代码分别如下:
package com.szy.spring.bean; public class Bean1 { private Bean2 bean2; private Bean3 bean3; private Bean4 bean4; public Bean2 getBean2() { return bean2; } public void setBean2(Bean2 bean2) { this.bean2 = bean2; } public Bean3 getBean3() { return bean3; } public void setBean3(Bean3 bean3) { this.bean3 = bean3; } public Bean4 getBean4() { return bean4; } public void setBean4(Bean4 bean4) { this.bean4 = bean4; } }
package com.szy.spring.bean; public class Bean2 { private int id; private String name; private String password; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
package com.szy.spring.bean; public class Bean3 { private int id; private String name; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
package com.szy.spring.bean; public class Bean4 { private int age; public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
按照正常的思路,我们下面就要给每个类进行属性的注入,配置文件如下设置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="bean1" class="com.szy.spring.bean.Bean1"> <property name="bean2" ref="bean2"/> <property name="bean3"> <ref bean="bean3"/> </property> <property name="bean4" ref="bean4"/> </bean> <bean id="bean2" class="com.szy.spring.bean.Bean2"> <property name="id" value="100"/> <property name="name"> <value>kuka</value> </property> <property name="password" value="123"/> </bean> <bean id="bean3" class="com.szy.spring.bean.Bean3"> <property name="id" value="100"/> <property name="name" value="kuka"/> </bean> <bean id="bean4" class="com.szy.spring.bean.Bean4"> <property name="age" value="22"/> </bean> </beans>
我们进行测试:
@Test public void testMethod() throws Exception { ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); Bean1 bean1 = (Bean1)ctx.getBean("bean1"); System.out.println("bean1.bean2.id=" + bean1.getBean2().getId()); System.out.println("bean1.bean2.name=" + bean1.getBean2().getName()); System.out.println("bean1.bean2.password=" + bean1.getBean2().getPassword()); System.out.println("bean1.bean3.id=" + bean1.getBean3().getId()); System.out.println("bean1.bean3.name=" + bean1.getBean3().getName()); System.out.println("bean1.bean4.age=" + bean1.getBean4().getAge()); }
正常输出我们所预期的信息,但是我们观察发现bean2和bean3的部分属性的配置信息是相同的,这仅是两个bean,如果是多个bean的话我们要修改就好修改多处,因此我们可以把这些公共的部分提出出来,进行抽象。这个在Spring中是支持的。我们在建立一个配置文件,命名为:applicationCommon.xml,其内容如下配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="beanAbstract" abstract="true"> <property name="id" value="100"/> <property name="name" value="kuka"/> </bean> <bean id="bean2" class="com.szy.spring.bean.Bean2" parent="beanAbstract"> <property name="password" value="123"/> </bean> <bean id="bean3" class="com.szy.spring.bean.Bean3" parent="beanAbstract"/> </beans>
beanAbstract就是我们抽象出来的,设置abstract="true"属性后就不需要指定class属性。
我们把原来配置文件里的关于bean2和bean3节点注释掉。
下面进行测试,在这里要注意由于我们使用了两个配置文件,因此我们在读取是要写两个配置文件名。我们查看ClassPathXmlApplicationContext源文件发现其有个构造函数参数是string数组,因此我们可以把这个配置文件名放在数组里面。此外我们还有另外一种实现方法,两个配置文件一个叫applicationContext.xml,另一个applicationCommon.xml,公共部分是applicationC*.xml,下面我们就可以这样进行测试:
@Test public void testMethod() throws Exception { ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationC*.xml"); Bean1 bean1 = (Bean1)ctx.getBean("bean1"); System.out.println("bean1.bean2.id=" + bean1.getBean2().getId()); System.out.println("bean1.bean2.name=" + bean1.getBean2().getName()); System.out.println("bean1.bean2.password=" + bean1.getBean2().getPassword()); System.out.println("bean1.bean3.id=" + bean1.getBean3().getId()); System.out.println("bean1.bean3.name=" + bean1.getBean3().getName()); System.out.println("bean1.bean4.age=" + bean1.getBean4().getAge()); }
如果我们bean2的name属性的值不是kuka,那么我们只需在applicationCommon.xml文件的bean2节点下再添加property属性即可
<property name="name" value="coolszy"/>