10.3 NFS服务端部署环境准备
10.3.1 NFS服务部署服务器准备
服务器系统 | 角色 | Ip |
Centos6.7 x86_64 | NFS服务器端(NFS-server) | 192.168.1.14 |
Centos6.7 x86_64 | NFS客户端(Web-lamp01) | 192.168.1.15 |
Centos6.7 x86_64 | NFS客户端(Web-lnmp02) | 192.168.1.16 |
10.3.2 NFS服务部署架构图
10.3.3 NFS服务器端操作系统及内核版本
[root@NFS-server ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.7 (Final) [root@NFS-server ~]# username -r [root@NFS-server ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 [root@NFS-server ~]# uname -m x86_64
10.3.4 NFS客户端操作系统及内核版本
[root@Web-lamp01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.7 (Final) [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# uname -m x86_64
10.4 NFS服务安装前准备
10.4.1 查询nfs-utils和rpcbind包是否安装
[root@NFS-server ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind ##查询结果为两个安装包都未安装 [root@NFS-server ~]#
知识扩展:
安装NFS软件安装的3种方法:
检查:rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind ←最佳
1)方法1:yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
2)方法2:通过系统光盘里的rpm包安装,命令如:rpm -ivh nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.e16.x86_64.rpm
3)方法3:LANG=en
yum grouplist|grep -i nfs
yum groupinstall "NFS file server" -y
10.4.2使用方法1安装所需软件包
[root@NFS-server ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.sina.cn * extras: mirrors.opencas.cn * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 34 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 3.9 MB 00:04
10.4.3检查安装包是否安装上
[root@NFS-server ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6_7.x86_64 nfs-utils-1.2.3-64.el6.x86_64 [root@NFS-server ~]#
10.4.4 接下来启动相应的服务
[root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status <==检查rpcbind服务状态 rpcbind is stopped [root@NFS-server ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost <==rpcbind服务未启动检查 rpcinfo信息报错 rpcinfo: can't contact portmapper: RPC: Remote system error - Connection refused [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start <==启动rpcbind服务 Starting rpcbind: [ OK ] [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status rpcbind (pid 2083) is running... [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs status <==查看nfs服务状态 rpc.svcgssd is stopped rpc.mountd is stopped nfsd is stopped rpc.rquotad is stopped [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start <==启动nfs服务 Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]
10.4.5 设置开机自启动
[root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --level 35 nfs on <==设置nfs服务开机自启动 [root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --list nfs nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off [root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --level 35 rpcbind on [root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind <==<==设置rpcbind服务开机自启动 rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
10.5 配置NFS服务端
10.5.1 NFS服务端配置文件路径
NFS服务配置文件路径为:/etc/exports,并且默认是为空。
[root@NFS-server ~]# ll /etc/exports -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 12 2010 /etc/exports [root@NFS-server ~]# cat /etc/exports [root@NFS-server ~]#
10.5.2 编辑NFS服务端配置文件
[root@NFS-server ~]# vim /etc/exports /data 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash) <==添加如下内容 [root@NFS-server ~]# mkdir -p /data <==创建共享目录/data [root@NFS-server ~]# ls -ld /data drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Nov 26 15:19 /data <==当前共享目录的属主属组分别为root [root@NFS-server ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody /data <==修改/data及子文件属主属组为nfsnobody [root@NFS-server ~]# ls -ld /data drwxr-xr-x. 3 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 /data
10.5.3 重新加载NFS服务(优雅重启)
[root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs reload ===exportfs -r [root@NFS-server ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab /data 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534,sec=sys,rw,root_squash,all_squash) [root@NFS-server ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.14 <==挂载前首先检查有权限需要挂载的信息 Export list for 192.168.1.14: /data 192.168.1.0/24 <---可以看到共享/data目录
10.5.4 检查或测试挂载
[root@NFS-server test]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt [root@NFS-server test]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% / tmpfs 279M 0 279M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot 192.168.1.14:/data 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% /mnt
注意:
大型企业工作场景统一按照运维规范将服务的启动写到/etc/rc.local文件里,而不用chkconfig管理。把/etc/rc.local文件作为本机的重要档案,所有服务的开机自启动都必须放入/etc/rc.local。这样规范的好处是,一旦有运维人员离职,或者业务迁移时都通过/etc/rc.local很容易查看服务器相关的服务,可以方便运维管理。并且把启动命令放入到/etc/rc.local文件中一定要加上启动服务的注释。
[root@NFS-server test]# vim /etc/rc.local #!/bin/sh # # This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts. # You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't # want to do the full Sys V style init stuff. touch /var/lock/subsys/local #start up nfs services by zhurui at 20160226 /etc/init.d/rpcbind start <==开机自启rpcbind服务 /etc/init.d/nfs start <==开机自启nfs服务
Web-lamp01客户端部署:
1.安装软件 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.sina.cn * extras: mirrors.opencas.cn * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 34 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 2.启动rpcbind [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start Starting rpcbind: [ OK ] [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# 3.配置开机自启动 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 rpcbind on [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# 4.测试服务端共享 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.14 Export list for 192.168.1.14: /data 192.168.1.0/24 5.挂载 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% / tmpfs 279M 0 279M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot 192.168.1.14:/data 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% /mnt 6.测试读,写 服务器端: [root@NFS-server test]# cd /data/ [root@NFS-server data]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui [root@NFS-server data]# mkdir zhurui1 [root@NFS-server data]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1 客户端: [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# cd /mnt/ [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# touch fs.sf [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# mkdir zhurui [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ls -ld zhurui/ drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui/ [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1 7.开机自启动 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# vim /etc/rc.local
Web-lnmp02客户端部署跟Web-lamp01部署步骤相同,这里就不多加说明
10.6 mount挂载性能优化参数选项
(1)禁止更新目录及文件时间戳挂载
mount -t nfs -o noatime,nodiratime 192.168.1.14:/data
(2)安全加优化的挂载方式
mount -t nfs -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,intr,rsize=131072,wsize=131072 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt
(3)默认的挂载方式
mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt
10.7 NFS内核优化
对应的具体内核优化命令:
cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 EOF 执行sysctl -p生效