zabbix应用之Low-level discovery监控磁盘IO

zabbix自带的“Template OS Linux”模板支持监控已挂载的磁盘空间利用率,是利用LLD(Low-level discovery)实现的,却没有对磁盘IO监控。本篇文章就介绍利用zabbix LLD功能监控磁盘IO的方法。

    思路:首先创建Discovery rules,在agent端配置对应的UserParameter,调用编写好的shell脚本,动态查找出已经挂载的磁盘分区;然后创建Item prototypes,使用vfs.dev.read[device,<type>,<mode>]和vfs.dev.write[device,<type>,<mode>]来监控磁盘分区的IO,包括磁盘读写速率、每秒读写扇区数、每秒读写操作数;然后创建Graph prototypes,生成磁盘IO图表。

    效果图:

    磁盘读写速率:

    磁盘每秒读写扇区数:

zabbix应用之Low-level discovery监控磁盘IO_第1张图片

    磁盘每秒读写操作数:

    下面给出具体监控步骤:

    一、编写脚本查找已挂载的磁盘分区

    1)在zabbix客户端创建查找磁盘分区的脚本mount_disk_discovery.sh,放到/etc/zabbix/monitor_scripts目录下,内容如下:


#!/bin/bash
#Function: low-level discovery mounted disk
#Script_name: mount_disk_discovery.sh 
 
mount_disk_discovery()
{
    local regexp="\b(btrfs|ext2|ext3|ext4|jfs|reiser|xfs|ffs|ufs|jfs|jfs2|vxfs|hfs|ntfs|fat32|zfs)\b"
    local tmpfile="/tmp/mounts.tmp"
    :> "$tmpfile"
    # 过滤所有已挂载的文件系统
    egrep "$regexp" /proc/mounts > "$tmpfile"
    local num=$(cat "$tmpfile" | wc -l)
    printf '{\n'
    printf '\t"data":[ '
    while read line;do
        # 磁盘分区名称
        DEV_NAME=$(echo $line | awk '{print $1}')
        # 文件系统名称,即磁盘分区的挂载点
        FS_NAME=$(echo $line | awk '{print $2}')
        # blockdev命令获取扇区大小,用于计算磁盘读写速率
        SEC_SIZE=$(sudo /sbin/blockdev --getss $DEV_NAME 2>/dev/null)
        printf '\n\t\t{'
        printf "\"{#DEV_NAME}\":\"${DEV_NAME}\","
        printf "\"{#FS_NAME}\":\"${FS_NAME}\","
        printf "\"{#SEC_SIZE}\":\"${SEC_SIZE}\"}"
        ((num--))
        [ "$num" == 0 ] && break
        printf ","
    done < "$tmpfile"
    printf '\n\t]\n'
    printf '}\n'
}
 
case "$1" in
    mount_disk_discovery)
        "$1"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Bad Parameter."
        echo "Usage: $0 mount_disk_discovery"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac


    脚本首先过滤/proc/mounts中的磁盘类型,然后输出包含磁盘名称、文件系统名称和扇区大小的Json数据。

    2)设置相关文件权限:


touch /tmp/mounts.tmp
chown zabbix:zabbix /tmp/mounts.tmp
chown -R zabbix:zabbix /etc/zabbix/monitor_scripts
chmod 755 /etc/zabbix/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh


    3)测试一下:

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[root@localhost ~]# /etc/zabbix/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh mount_disk_discovery
{
    "data":[ 
        {"{#DEV_NAME}":"/dev/sda3","{#FS_NAME}":"/","{#SEC_SIZE}":"512"},
        {"{#DEV_NAME}":"/dev/sda1","{#FS_NAME}":"/boot","{#SEC_SIZE}":"512"}
    ]
}

    上面的数据表示,磁盘分区/dev/sda3挂载到了根目录,扇区大小为512B;/dev/sda1挂载到了/boot目录,扇区大小为512B。


    二、配置zabbix客户端

    1)编辑zabbix agent配置文件,设置Include目录:

1

Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/

    agent启动时会自动加载Include目录下的配置文件。

    2)在/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/目录下建立disk_lld.conf,内容如下:

1

UserParameter=mount_disk_discovery,/bin/bash /etc/zabbix/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh mount_disk_discovery

    表示:建立用户自定义参数mount_disk_discovery,当zabbix server向agent请求这个item key时,agent会调用/etc/zabbix/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh脚本,返回json数据。

    3)由于zabbix agent的启动用户是zabbix,所以要授权zabbix用户无密码运行/sbin/blockdev命令。使用visudo命令,在/etc/sudoers里注释掉Defaults requiretty:

1

#Defaults requiretty

    并在最后面加上:

1

zabbix ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: /sbin/blockdev

    这样在脚本里执行类似“sudo /sbin/blockdev --getss /dev/sda1”这样的指令就没问题了。

    4)最后重启zabbix agent

1

/etc/init.d/zabbix-agent restart

    5)测试一下:

    我们从zabbix server上远程get一下mount_disk_discovery

    如上图DEV_NAME、FS_NAME、SEC_SIZE都有值,说明客户端配置正确。


    三、配置zabbix前台

    1)登录zabbix前台,选择Configuration->Templates->Import,导入“Template Linux DiskIO”模板(见附件)。

    2)进入主机配置界面,链接“Template Linux DiskIO”模板

zabbix应用之Low-level discovery监控磁盘IO_第2张图片

    至此,全部配置结束了,耐心等待监控数据的出现吧~

    下面介绍下模板里LLD的配置。

    3)模板的Discovery rule介绍

    Discovery rule的Key为mount_disk_discovery,对应zabbix agent配置里的:

1

UserParameter=mount_disk_discovery,/bin/bash /etc/zabbix/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh mount_disk_discovery

    每隔一段时间,server会向agent请求mount_disk_discovery,然后agent调用/etc/zabbix/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh脚本,返回json数据给server。

zabbix应用之Low-level discovery监控磁盘IO_第3张图片

    4)模板的Item prototypes介绍

zabbix应用之Low-level discovery监控磁盘IO_第4张图片

    其中Sectors和Operations的监控项都是Zabbix agent类型的。通过阅读zabbix C源码,我们会发现zabbix agent是根据/proc/diskstats文件计算每秒Sectors和Operations,默认取一分钟内的平均值。有兴趣的同学可以读一读src/libs/zbxsysinfo/linux/diskio.c。

    磁盘读写speed监控项是Calculated类型的,通过每秒读写扇区数乘以扇区大小计算而来的,见下图:

zabbix应用之Low-level discovery监控磁盘IO_第5张图片

    5)模板的Graph prototypes介绍

    模板对每个磁盘分区都建立三个图表,包括磁盘读写速率图表、读写扇区数图表、读写操作数图表。

zabbix应用之Low-level discovery监控磁盘IO_第6张图片



    附:客户端一键配置脚本

#!/bin/sh
#
# Filename:    autoMonitorDiskIO.sh
# Date:        2014/01/05
# Author:      Qicheng
# Website:     http://qicheng0211.blog.51cto.com/
# Description: 部署zabbix low-level discovery 监控磁盘IO
# Notes: 在被监控客户端运行此脚本,前提条件已经安装好zabbix agent
#
 
ROOT_UID=0
if [ "$UID" -ne "$ROOT_UID" ];then
    echo "Error: Please run this script as root user."
    exit 1
fi
 
# 自行修改为你的zabbix agent配置文件路径
AGENT_CONF="/data/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf"
ZABBIX_DIR="/data/zabbix" 
mkdir -p ${ZABBIX_DIR}/monitor_scripts
# 创建 low-level discovery mounted disk 脚本
cat > ${ZABBIX_DIR}/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
#Function: low-level discovery mounted disk
#Script_name: mount_disk_discovery.sh 


mount_disk_discovery()
{
    local regexp="\b(btrfs|ext2|ext3|ext4|jfs|reiser|xfs|ffs|ufs|jfs|jfs2|vxfs|hfs|ntfs|fat32|zfs)\b"
    local tmpfile="/tmp/mounts.tmp"
    :> "$tmpfile"
    egrep "$regexp" /proc/mounts > "$tmpfile"
    local num=$(cat "$tmpfile" | wc -l)
    printf '{\n'
    printf '\t"data":[ '
    while read line;do
        DEV_NAME=$(echo $line | awk '{print $1}')
        FS_NAME=$(echo $line | awk '{print $2}')
        SEC_SIZE=$(sudo /sbin/blockdev --getss $DEV_NAME 2>/dev/null)
        printf '\n\t\t{'
        printf "\"{#DEV_NAME}\":\"${DEV_NAME}\","
        printf "\"{#FS_NAME}\":\"${FS_NAME}\","
        printf "\"{#SEC_SIZE}\":\"${SEC_SIZE}\"}"
        ((num--))
        [ "$num" == 0 ] && break
        printf ","
    done < "$tmpfile"
    printf '\n\t]\n'
    printf '}\n'
}


case "$1" in
    mount_disk_discovery)
        "$1"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Bad Parameter."
        echo "Usage: $0 mount_disk_discovery"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac
EOF
touch /tmp/mounts.tmp
chown zabbix:zabbix /tmp/mounts.tmp
chown -R zabbix:zabbix ${ZABBIX_DIR}/monitor_scripts
chmod 755 ${ZABBIX_DIR}/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh
 
# 判断配置文件是否存在
[ -f "${AGENT_CONF}" ] || { echo "ERROR: File ${AGENT_CONF} does not exist.";exit 1;}
 
include=`grep '^Include' ${AGENT_CONF} | cut -d'=' -f2`
# 在配置文件中添加自定义参数
if [ -d "$include" ];then
    echo "UserParameter=mount_disk_discovery,/bin/bash ${ZABBIX_DIR}/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh mount_disk_discovery" >> ${AGENT_CONF} >> $include/disk_lld.conf 
else
    grep -q '^UserParameter=mount_disk_discovery' ${AGENT_CONF} || echo "UserParameter=mount_disk_discovery,/bin/bash ${ZABBIX_DIR}/monitor_scripts/mount_disk_discovery.sh mount_disk_discovery" >> ${AGENT_CONF} 
fi


# 授权zabbix用户无密码运行/sbin/blockdev命令
chmod +w /etc/sudoers 
sed -i '/^Defaults\s\+requiretty/s/^/#/' /etc/sudoers
grep -q '^zabbix ALL=(ALL).*blockdev' /etc/sudoers || echo 'zabbix ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: /sbin/blockdev' >> /etc/sudoers
chmod 440 /etc/sudoers


# 重启agent服务
[ -f '/etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd' ] && /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd restart || echo "需手动重启zabbix agent服务."

 
  
  
  
  


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