C++通过jsoncpp类库读写JSON文件

JSON是一个轻量级的数据定义格式,比起XML易学易用,而扩展功能不比XML差多少,用之进行数据交换是一个很好的选择。JSON的全称为:JavaScript Object Notation ,顾名思义,JSON是用于标记javascript对象的,详情参考http://www.json.org/。


本教程选择第三方库jsoncpp来解析json, jsoncpp是比较出名的c++解析库,在json官网也是首推的。


jsoncpp下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/tennysonsky/


下载源码解压之后得到jsoncpp-src-0.5.0文件夹,我们只需要jsoncpp的头文件和cpp文件,其中jsonscpp的头文件位于jsoncpp-src-0.5.0\include\json,jsoncpp的cpp文件位于jsoncpp-src-0.5.0\src\lib_json。


json: json操作所需的头文件,此文件夹名字不能修改,因为lib_json目录中所对应的.cpp里面包含头文件形式是这样:#include <json/xxx.h>。


lib_json:json操作所需的cpp文件,此文件夹名字可根据需要自行命名。

把json和lib_json拷贝出来放在你需要编写代码的目录中(注意:json 和 lib_json 要在同一级目录):



编译代码时,需要把lib_json目录中的cpp文件加入编译条件中:

C++通过jsoncpp类库读写JSON文件_第1张图片


1)从字符串中读取JSON

#include <string>
#include <json/json.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

void readStrJson(); //从字符串中读取JSON
void readStrProJson(); //从字符串中读取JSON(内容复杂些)

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
	readStrJson();
	
	cout << "\n\n";
	readStrProJson();
	
	return 0;
}

//从字符串中读取JSON
void readStrJson() 
{
	//字符串
  const char* str = 
      "{\"praenomen\":\"Gaius\",\"nomen\":\"Julius\",\"cognomen\":\"Caezar\","
      "\"born\":-100,\"died\":-44}";
      
  /*
  //json内容如下:
  {
		"praenomen":"Gaius",
		"nomen":"Julius",
		"cognomen":"Caezar",
		"born":-100,
		"died":-44 
	}
  */

  Json::Reader reader;
  Json::Value root;

  //从字符串中读取数据
  if(reader.parse(str,root))
  {
      string praenomen = root["praenomen"].asString();
      string nomen = root["nomen"].asString();
      string cognomen = root["cognomen"].asString();
      int born = root["born"].asInt();
      int died = root["died"].asInt();

      cout << praenomen + " " + nomen + " " + cognomen
          << " was born in year " << born 
          << ", died in year " << died << endl;
  }
  
}

//从字符串中读取JSON(内容复杂些)
void readStrProJson() 
{
	string strValue = "{\"name\":\"json\",\"array\":[{\"cpp\":\"jsoncpp\"},{\"java\":\"jsoninjava\"},{\"php\":\"support\"}]}";
	/*
	//json内容如下:
	{
    "name": "json″,
    "array": [
        {
            "cpp": "jsoncpp"
        },
        {
            "java": "jsoninjava"
        },
        {
            "php": "support"
        }
    ]
	}
	*/


	Json::Reader reader;
	Json::Value value;

	if (reader.parse(strValue, value))
	{
		string out = value["name"].asString();
		cout << out << endl;
		const Json::Value arrayObj = value["array"];
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < arrayObj.size(); i++)
		{
			if (!arrayObj[i].isMember("cpp")) 
				continue;
			out = arrayObj[i]["cpp"].asString();
			cout << out;
			if (i != (arrayObj.size() - 1))
				cout << endl;
		}
	}
}

编译运行结果如下:

C++通过jsoncpp类库读写JSON文件_第2张图片


2)从文件中读取JSON

#include <string>
#include <json/json.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

void readFileJson(); //从文件中读取JSON,一个存储了JSON格式字符串的文件

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
	readFileJson();
	
	return 0;
}

//从文件中读取JSON
void readFileJson()
{
	Json::Reader reader;
	Json::Value root;

	//从文件中读取,保证当前文件有test.json文件
	ifstream in("test.json", ios::binary);
	//in.open("test.json", ios::binary);

	if( !in.is_open() )  
	{ 
	cout << "Error opening file\n"; 
	return; 
	}

	/*
	//test.json内容如下:
	{
		"name":"Tsybius",
		"age":23,
		"sex_is_male":true,
		"partner":
		{
			"partner_name":"Galatea",
			"partner_age":21,
			"partner_sex_is_male":false
		},
		"achievement":["ach1","ach2","ach3"]
	}
	*/

	if(reader.parse(in,root))
	{
	//读取根节点信息
	string name = root["name"].asString();
	int age = root["age"].asInt();
	bool sex_is_male = root["sex_is_male"].asBool();

	cout << "My name is " << name << endl;
	cout << "I'm " << age << " years old" << endl;
	cout << "I'm a " << (sex_is_male ? "man" : "woman") << endl;

	//读取子节点信息
	string partner_name = root["partner"]["partner_name"].asString();
	int partner_age = root["partner"]["partner_age"].asInt();
	bool partner_sex_is_male = root["partner"]["partner_sex_is_male"].asBool();

	cout << "My partner's name is " << partner_name << endl;
	cout << (partner_sex_is_male ? "he" : "she") << " is "
		<< partner_age << " years old" << endl;

	//读取数组信息
	cout << "Here's my achievements:" << endl;
	for(unsigned int i = 0; i < root["achievement"].size(); i++)
	{
		string ach = root["achievement"][i].asString();
		cout << ach << '\t';
	}
	cout << endl;

	cout << "Reading Complete!" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
	cout << "parse error\n" << endl;	
	}

	in.close();
}

test.json文件内容如下:

{
	"name":"Mike Jiang",
	"age":23,
	"sex_is_male":true,
	"partner":
	{
	    "partner_name":"Galatea",
	    "partner_age":21,
	    "partner_sex_is_male":false
	},
	"achievement":["ach1","ach2","ach3"]
}

编译运行结果如下:



3)将信息保存为JSON格式

#include <string>
#include <json/json.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

void writeFileJson();//将信息保存为JSON格式

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
	writeFileJson();
	
	return 0;
}

//将信息保存为JSON格式
void writeFileJson()
{
	//根节点
	Json::Value root;
	
	//根节点属性
	root["name"] = Json::Value("Mike Jiang");
	root["age"] = Json::Value(23);
	root["sex_is_male"] = Json::Value(true);
	
	//子节点
	Json::Value partner;
	
	//子节点属性
	partner["partner_name"] = Json::Value("Galatea");
	partner["partner_age"] = Json::Value(21);
	partner["partner_sex_is_male"] = Json::Value(false);
	
	//子节点挂到根节点上
	root["partner"] = Json::Value(partner);
	
	//数组形式
	root["achievement"].append("ach1");
	root["achievement"].append("ach2");
	root["achievement"].append("ach3");
	
	//直接输出
	cout << "FastWriter:" << endl;
	Json::FastWriter fw;
	cout << fw.write(root) << endl << endl;
	
	//缩进输出
	cout << "StyledWriter:" << endl;
	Json::StyledWriter sw;
	cout << sw.write(root) << endl << endl;
	
	//输出到文件
	ofstream os;
	os.open("demo.json");
	os << sw.write(root);
	os.close();
	
	/*
	//json文件内容如下:
	{
		"achievement" : [ "ach1", "ach2", "ach3" ],
		"age" : 23,
		"name" : "Mike Jiang",
		"partner" : {
			"partner_age" : 21,
			"partner_name" : "Galatea",
			"partner_sex_is_male" : false
		},
		"sex_is_male" : true
	}
	*/

}

编译运行结果如下:

C++通过jsoncpp类库读写JSON文件_第3张图片


生成的demo.json文件内容如下:



本教程示例代码下载请点此链接:http://download.csdn.net/detail/tennysonsky


参考资料:

http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng

http://my.oschina.net/Tsybius2014

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