Node内核提供了很多与文件操作相关的模块,每个模块都提供了一些最基本的操作API,在NPM中也有社区提供的功能包
基础的文件操作 API
提供和路径相关的操作 API
用于读取大文本文件,一行一行读
https://www.npmjs.com/package/fs-extra
在文件操作的过程中,都必须使用物理路径(绝对路径),path模块提供了一系列与路径相关的 API
console.log('join用于拼接多个路径部分,并转化为正常格式');
const temp = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'lyrics', './友谊之光.lrc');
console.log(temp);
console.log('获取路径中的文件名');
console.log(path.basename(temp));
console.log('获取路径中的文件名并排除扩展名');
console.log(path.basename(temp, '.lrc'));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('获取不同操作系统的路径分隔符');
console.log(process.platform + '的分隔符为 ' + path.delimiter);
console.log('一般用于分割环境变量');
console.log(process.env.PATH.split(path.delimiter));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('获取一个路径中的目录部分');
console.log(path.dirname(temp));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('获取一个路径中最后的扩展名');
console.log(path.extname(temp));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('将一个路径解析成一个对象的形式');
const pathObject = path.parse(temp);
console.log(pathObject);
console.log('====================================');
console.log('将一个路径对象再转换为一个字符串的形式');
// pathObject.name = '我终于失去了你';
pathObject.base = '我终于失去了你.lrc';
console.log(pathObject);
console.log(path.format(pathObject));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('获取一个路径是不是绝对路径');
console.log(path.isAbsolute(temp));
console.log(path.isAbsolute('../lyrics/爱的代价.lrc'));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('将一个路径转换为当前系统默认的标准格式,并解析其中的./和../');
console.log(path.normalize('c:/develop/demo\\hello/../world/./a.txt'));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('获取第二个路径相对第一个路径的相对路径');
console.log(path.relative(__dirname, temp));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('以类似命令行cd命令的方式拼接路径');
console.log(path.resolve(temp, 'c:/', './develop', '../application'));
console.log('====================================');
console.log('获取不同平台中路径的分隔符(默认)');
console.log(path.sep);
console.log('====================================');
console.log('允许在任意平台下以WIN32的方法调用PATH对象');
// console.log(path.win32);
console.log(path === path.win32);
console.log('====================================');
console.log('允许在任意平台下以POSIX的方法调用PATH对象');
console.log(path === path.posix);
源码地址:
https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/lib/path.js
Node中文件读取的方式主要有:
fs.readFile('c:\\demo\1.txt', 'utf8', (err, data) => {
if (err) throw err;
console.log(data);
});
try {
const data = fs.readFileSync('c:\\demo\1.txt', 'utf8');
console.log(data);
} catch(e) {
// 文件不存在,或者权限错误
throw e;
}
const stream = fs.createReadStream('c:\\demo\1.txt');
let data = ''
stream.on('data', (trunk) => {
data += trunk;
});
stream.on('end', () => {
console.log(data);
});
由于Windows平台下默认文件编码是GBK,在Node中不支持,可以通过iconv-lite解决
const readline = require('readline');
const fs = require('fs');
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: fs.createReadStream('sample.txt')
});
rl.on('line', (line) => {
console.log('Line from file:', line);
});
Node中文件写入的方式主要有:
fs.writeFile('c:\\demo\a.txt', new Date(), (error) => {
console.log(error);
});
try {
fs.writeFileSync('c:\\demo\a.txt', new Date());
} catch (error) {
// 文件夹不存在,或者权限错误
console.log(error);
}
var streamWriter = fs.createWriteStream('c:\\demo\a.txt');
setInterval(() => {
streamWriter.write(`${new Date}\n`, (error) => {
console.log(error);
});
}, 1000);
// 相比较之前文件流的方式,这种方式不会占用文件资源,append完成就会释放
setInterval(() => {
fs.appendFile('c:\\demo\a.txt',`${new Date}\n`, (error) => {
console.log(error);
});
}, 1000);
setInterval(() => {
fs.appendFileSync('c:\\demo\a.txt',`${new Date}\n`);
}, 1000);
与命令行相同,重命名操作也可以实现文件移动
fs
模块的文件监视功能监视指定MD文件marked
包提供的markdown
to html
功能将改变后的MD文件转换为HTMLconst fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
var marked = require('marked');
var bs = require('browser-sync').create();
var target = path.join(__dirname, process.argv[2] || './README.md');
var filename = path.basename(target, path.extname(target)) + '.html';
var targetHtml = path.join(path.dirname(target), filename);
bs.init({
server: path.dirname(target),
index: filename,
notify: false
});
bs.reload(filename);
var template = `<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<style>{{{styles}}}</style>
</head>
<body>
<article class="markdown">
{{{body}}}
</article>
</body>
</html>
`;
fs.readFile(path.join(__dirname, './markdown.css'), 'utf8', (error, css) => {
if (error) throw error;
template = template.replace('{{{styles}}}', css);
var handler = (current, previous) => {
fs.readFile(target, 'utf8', (error, content) => {
var html = template.replace('{{{body}}}', marked(content));
fs.writeFile(targetHtml, html, (error) => {
if (!error) {
console.log(`updated@${new Date()}`);
bs.reload(filename);
}
});
});
};
handler();
fs.watchFile(target, { interval: 100 }, handler);
});
原文链接:http://blog.wedn.net/node-essential-file-system/