x264代码剖析（三）：主函数main()、解析函数parse()与编码函数encode()

x264代码剖析（三）：主函数main()、解析函数parse()与编码函数encode()

       

         x264的入口函数为main()。main()函数首先调用parse()解析输入的参数，然后调用encode()编码YUV数据。parse()首先调用x264_param_default()为保存参数的x264_param_t结构体赋默认值；然后在一个大循环中通过getopt_long()解析通过命令行传递来的存储在argv[]中的参数，并作相应的设置工作；最后调用select_input()和select_output()完成输入文件格式（yuv，y4m等）和输出文件格式（裸流，mp4，mkv，FLV等）的设置。encode()首先调用x264_encoder_open()打开编码器；接着在一个循环中反复调用encode_frame()一帧一帧地进行编码；最后在编码完成后调用x264_encoder_close()关闭编码器。encode_frame()则调用x264_encoder_encode()将存储YUV数据的x264_picture_t编码为存储H.264数据的x264_nal_t。具体函数关系如下图所示：

        下面对该函数关系图中的主函数main()、解析函数parse()与编码函数encode()做详细的分析。

1、主函数main()

        主函数主要调用了两个函数：parse()和encode()。main()首先调用parse()解析输入的命令行参数，然后调用encode()进行编码。对应代码如下：

/******************************************************************/
/******************************************************************/
/*
======Analysed by RuiDong Fang
======Csdn Blog:http://blog.csdn.net/frd2009041510
======Date:2016.03.07
 */
/******************************************************************/
/******************************************************************/

/************====== 主函数 ======************/
/*
功能：主要调用了两个函数：parse()和encode()。
      main()首先调用parse()解析输入的命令行参数，然后调用encode()进行编码。
*/
int main( int argc, char **argv )
{
    x264_param_t param;	//参数集
    cli_opt_t opt = {0};
    int ret = 0;

    FAIL_IF_ERROR( x264_threading_init(), "unable to initialize threading\n" )

#ifdef _WIN32
    FAIL_IF_ERROR( !get_argv_utf8( &argc, &argv ), "unable to convert command line to UTF-8\n" )

    GetConsoleTitleW( org_console_title, CONSOLE_TITLE_SIZE );
    _setmode( _fileno( stdin ),  _O_BINARY );
    _setmode( _fileno( stdout ), _O_BINARY );
    _setmode( _fileno( stderr ), _O_BINARY );
#endif

    /* Parse command line */
    if( parse( argc, argv, ¶m, &opt ) < 0 )	///////////////////解析命令行输入，调用parse()
        ret = -1;

#ifdef _WIN32
    /* Restore title; it can be changed by input modules */
    SetConsoleTitleW( org_console_title );
#endif

    /* Control-C handler */
    signal( SIGINT, sigint_handler );

    if( !ret )
        ret = encode( ¶m, &opt );	///////////////////编码，调用encode()

    /* clean up handles */
    if( filter.free )
        filter.free( opt.hin );
    else if( opt.hin )
        cli_input.close_file( opt.hin );
    if( opt.hout )
        cli_output.close_file( opt.hout, 0, 0 );
    if( opt.tcfile_out )
        fclose( opt.tcfile_out );
    if( opt.qpfile )
        fclose( opt.qpfile );

#ifdef _WIN32
    SetConsoleTitleW( org_console_title );
    free( argv );
#endif

    return ret;
}

2、解析函数parse()

        解析函数parse()解析输入的命令行参数，存储于argv[]中，对应的代码如下：

/************====== 解析函数 ======************/
/*
功能：parse()解析输入的命令行参数，存储于argv[]中
*/
static int parse( int argc, char **argv, x264_param_t *param, cli_opt_t *opt )
{
    char *input_filename = NULL;
    const char *demuxer = demuxer_names[0];
    char *output_filename = NULL;
    const char *muxer = muxer_names[0];
    char *tcfile_name = NULL;
    x264_param_t defaults;	//默认值设为x264_param_t结构体
    char *profile = NULL;
    char *vid_filters = NULL;
    int b_thread_input = 0;
    int b_turbo = 1;
    int b_user_ref = 0;
    int b_user_fps = 0;
    int b_user_interlaced = 0;
    cli_input_opt_t input_opt;
    cli_output_opt_t output_opt;
    char *preset = NULL;
    char *tune = NULL;

	//x264_param_default()是一个x264的API,调用x264_param_default()为保存参数的x264_param_t结构体赋默认值
    x264_param_default( &defaults );	///////////////////初始化参数默认值
    cli_log_level = defaults.i_log_level;

    memset( &input_opt, 0, sizeof(cli_input_opt_t) );
    memset( &output_opt, 0, sizeof(cli_output_opt_t) );
    input_opt.bit_depth = 8;
    input_opt.input_range = input_opt.output_range = param->vui.b_fullrange = RANGE_AUTO;
    int output_csp = defaults.i_csp;
    opt->b_progress = 1;

    /* Presets are applied before all other options. */
    for( optind = 0;; )
    {
        //通过getopt_long()解析通过命令行传递来的存储在argv[]中的参数，并作相应的设置工作
		int c = getopt_long( argc, argv, short_options, long_options, NULL );	///////////////////getopt_long()
        if( c == -1 )
            break;
        if( c == OPT_PRESET )
            preset = optarg;
        if( c == OPT_TUNE )
            tune = optarg;
        else if( c == '?' )
            return -1;
    }

    if( preset && !strcasecmp( preset, "placebo" ) )
        b_turbo = 0;

	//x264_param_default_preset()是一个libx264的API，用于设置x264的preset和tune。
    if( x264_param_default_preset( param, preset, tune ) < 0 )	//设置preset、tune
        return -1;

    /* Parse command line options */
	//解析命令行选项
    for( optind = 0;; )
    {
        int b_error = 0;
        int long_options_index = -1;

        int c = getopt_long( argc, argv, short_options, long_options, &long_options_index );

        if( c == -1 )
        {
            break;
        }
		//不同的选项做不同的处理
        switch( c )
        {
            //"-h"帮助菜单
			case 'h':
                help( &defaults, 0 );	
                exit(0);
            case OPT_LONGHELP:
                help( &defaults, 1 );
                exit(0);
            case OPT_FULLHELP:
                help( &defaults, 2 );
                exit(0);

			//"-V"打印版本信息
            case 'V':
                print_version_info();	
                exit(0);
            case OPT_FRAMES:
                param->i_frame_total = X264_MAX( atoi( optarg ), 0 );
                break;
            case OPT_SEEK:
                opt->i_seek = X264_MAX( atoi( optarg ), 0 );
                break;

			//"-o"输出文件路径
            case 'o':
                output_filename = optarg;	
                break;
            case OPT_MUXER:
                FAIL_IF_ERROR( parse_enum_name( optarg, muxer_names, &muxer ), "Unknown muxer `%s'\n", optarg )
                break;
            case OPT_DEMUXER:
                FAIL_IF_ERROR( parse_enum_name( optarg, demuxer_names, &demuxer ), "Unknown demuxer `%s'\n", optarg )
                break;
            case OPT_INDEX:
                input_opt.index_file = optarg;
                break;
            case OPT_QPFILE:
                opt->qpfile = x264_fopen( optarg, "rb" );
                FAIL_IF_ERROR( !opt->qpfile, "can't open qpfile `%s'\n", optarg )
                if( !x264_is_regular_file( opt->qpfile ) )
                {
                    x264_cli_log( "x264", X264_LOG_ERROR, "qpfile incompatible with non-regular file `%s'\n", optarg );
                    fclose( opt->qpfile );
                    return -1;
                }
                break;
            case OPT_THREAD_INPUT:
                b_thread_input = 1;
                break;
            case OPT_QUIET:
                cli_log_level = param->i_log_level = X264_LOG_NONE;	//设置log级别
                break;
			
			//"-v"
            case 'v':
                cli_log_level = param->i_log_level = X264_LOG_DEBUG;	//设置log级别
                break;
            case OPT_LOG_LEVEL:
                if( !parse_enum_value( optarg, log_level_names, &cli_log_level ) )
                    cli_log_level += X264_LOG_NONE;
                else
                    cli_log_level = atoi( optarg );
                param->i_log_level = cli_log_level;	//设置log级别
                break;
            case OPT_NOPROGRESS:
                opt->b_progress = 0;
                break;
            case OPT_TUNE:
            case OPT_PRESET:
                break;
            case OPT_PROFILE:
                profile = optarg;
                break;
            case OPT_SLOWFIRSTPASS:
                b_turbo = 0;
                break;

            //"-r"
			case 'r':
                b_user_ref = 1;
                goto generic_option;
            case OPT_FPS:
                b_user_fps = 1;
                param->b_vfr_input = 0;
                goto generic_option;
            case OPT_INTERLACED:
                b_user_interlaced = 1;
                goto generic_option;
            case OPT_TCFILE_IN:
                tcfile_name = optarg;
                break;
            case OPT_TCFILE_OUT:
                opt->tcfile_out = x264_fopen( optarg, "wb" );
                FAIL_IF_ERROR( !opt->tcfile_out, "can't open `%s'\n", optarg )
                break;
            case OPT_TIMEBASE:
                input_opt.timebase = optarg;
                break;
            case OPT_PULLDOWN:
                FAIL_IF_ERROR( parse_enum_value( optarg, pulldown_names, &opt->i_pulldown ), "Unknown pulldown `%s'\n", optarg )
                break;
            case OPT_VIDEO_FILTER:
                vid_filters = optarg;
                break;
            case OPT_INPUT_FMT:
                input_opt.format = optarg;	//输入文件格式
                break;
            case OPT_INPUT_RES:
                input_opt.resolution = optarg;	//输入分辨率
                break;
            case OPT_INPUT_CSP:
                input_opt.colorspace = optarg;	//输入色域
                break;
            case OPT_INPUT_DEPTH:
                input_opt.bit_depth = atoi( optarg );	//输入颜色位深
                break;
            case OPT_DTS_COMPRESSION:
                output_opt.use_dts_compress = 1;
                break;
            case OPT_OUTPUT_CSP:
                FAIL_IF_ERROR( parse_enum_value( optarg, output_csp_names, &output_csp ), "Unknown output csp `%s'\n", optarg )
                // correct the parsed value to the libx264 csp value
#if X264_CHROMA_FORMAT
                static const uint8_t output_csp_fix[] = { X264_CHROMA_FORMAT, X264_CSP_RGB };
#else
                static const uint8_t output_csp_fix[] = { X264_CSP_I420, X264_CSP_I422, X264_CSP_I444, X264_CSP_RGB };
#endif
                param->i_csp = output_csp = output_csp_fix[output_csp];
                break;
            case OPT_INPUT_RANGE:
                FAIL_IF_ERROR( parse_enum_value( optarg, range_names, &input_opt.input_range ), "Unknown input range `%s'\n", optarg )
                input_opt.input_range += RANGE_AUTO;
                break;
            case OPT_RANGE:
                FAIL_IF_ERROR( parse_enum_value( optarg, range_names, ¶m->vui.b_fullrange ), "Unknown range `%s'\n", optarg );
                input_opt.output_range = param->vui.b_fullrange += RANGE_AUTO;
                break;
            default:
generic_option:
            {
                if( long_options_index < 0 )
                {
                    for( int i = 0; long_options[i].name; i++ )
                        if( long_options[i].val == c )
                        {
                            long_options_index = i;
                            break;
                        }
                    if( long_options_index < 0 )
                    {
                        /* getopt_long already printed an error message */
                        return -1;
                    }
                }

				//解析以字符串方式输入的参数  
                //即选项名称和选项值都是字符串
				//实质就是通过strcmp()方法
                b_error |= x264_param_parse( param, long_options[long_options_index].name, optarg );	///////////////////x264_param_parse()
            }
        }

        if( b_error )
        {
            const char *name = long_options_index > 0 ? long_options[long_options_index].name : argv[optind-2];
            x264_cli_log( "x264", X264_LOG_ERROR, "invalid argument: %s = %s\n", name, optarg );
            return -1;
        }
    }

    /* If first pass mode is used, apply faster settings. */
    if( b_turbo )
        x264_param_apply_fastfirstpass( param );

    /* Apply profile restrictions. */
	//x264_param_apply_profile()是一个x264的API,该函数用于设置x264的profile.
    if( x264_param_apply_profile( param, profile ) < 0 )	///////////////////设置profile
        return -1;

    /* Get the file name */
    FAIL_IF_ERROR( optind > argc - 1 || !output_filename, "No %s file. Run x264 --help for a list of options.\n",
                   optind > argc - 1 ? "input" : "output" )
	
	//根据文件名的后缀确定输出的文件格式（raw H264，flv，mp4...）
    if( select_output( muxer, output_filename, param ) )	///////////////////select_output()
        return -1;
    FAIL_IF_ERROR( cli_output.open_file( output_filename, &opt->hout, &output_opt ), "could not open output file `%s'\n", output_filename )
	
	//输入文件路径
    input_filename = argv[optind++];
    video_info_t info = {0};
    char demuxername[5];

    /* set info flags to be overwritten by demuxer as necessary. */
	//设置info结构体
    info.csp        = param->i_csp;
    info.fps_num    = param->i_fps_num;
    info.fps_den    = param->i_fps_den;
    info.fullrange  = input_opt.input_range == RANGE_PC;
    info.interlaced = param->b_interlaced;
    if( param->vui.i_sar_width > 0 && param->vui.i_sar_height > 0 )
    {
        info.sar_width  = param->vui.i_sar_width;
        info.sar_height = param->vui.i_sar_height;
    }
    info.tff        = param->b_tff;
    info.vfr        = param->b_vfr_input;

    input_opt.seek = opt->i_seek;
    input_opt.progress = opt->b_progress;
    input_opt.output_csp = output_csp;

	//设置输入文件的格式（yuv，y4m...）
    if( select_input( demuxer, demuxername, input_filename, &opt->hin, &info, &input_opt ) )	///////////////////select_input()
        return -1;

    FAIL_IF_ERROR( !opt->hin && cli_input.open_file( input_filename, &opt->hin, &info, &input_opt ),
                   "could not open input file `%s'\n", input_filename )

    x264_reduce_fraction( &info.sar_width, &info.sar_height );
    x264_reduce_fraction( &info.fps_num, &info.fps_den );
    x264_cli_log( demuxername, X264_LOG_INFO, "%dx%d%c %u:%u @ %u/%u fps (%cfr)\n", info.width,
                  info.height, info.interlaced ? 'i' : 'p', info.sar_width, info.sar_height,
                  info.fps_num, info.fps_den, info.vfr ? 'v' : 'c' );

    if( tcfile_name )
    {
        FAIL_IF_ERROR( b_user_fps, "--fps + --tcfile-in is incompatible.\n" )
        FAIL_IF_ERROR( timecode_input.open_file( tcfile_name, &opt->hin, &info, &input_opt ), "timecode input failed\n" )
        cli_input = timecode_input;
    }
    else FAIL_IF_ERROR( !info.vfr && input_opt.timebase, "--timebase is incompatible with cfr input\n" )

    /* init threaded input while the information about the input video is unaltered by filtering */
#if HAVE_THREAD
    if( info.thread_safe && (b_thread_input || param->i_threads > 1
        || (param->i_threads == X264_THREADS_AUTO && x264_cpu_num_processors() > 1)) )
    {
        if( thread_input.open_file( NULL, &opt->hin, &info, NULL ) )
        {
            fprintf( stderr, "x264 [error]: threaded input failed\n" );
            return -1;
        }
        cli_input = thread_input;
    }
#endif

    /* override detected values by those specified by the user */
    if( param->vui.i_sar_width > 0 && param->vui.i_sar_height > 0 )
    {
        info.sar_width  = param->vui.i_sar_width;
        info.sar_height = param->vui.i_sar_height;
    }
    if( b_user_fps )
    {
        info.fps_num = param->i_fps_num;
        info.fps_den = param->i_fps_den;
    }
    if( !info.vfr )
    {
        info.timebase_num = info.fps_den;
        info.timebase_den = info.fps_num;
    }
    if( !tcfile_name && input_opt.timebase )
    {
        uint64_t i_user_timebase_num;
        uint64_t i_user_timebase_den;
        int ret = sscanf( input_opt.timebase, "%"SCNu64"/%"SCNu64, &i_user_timebase_num, &i_user_timebase_den );
        FAIL_IF_ERROR( !ret, "invalid argument: timebase = %s\n", input_opt.timebase )
        else if( ret == 1 )
        {
            i_user_timebase_num = info.timebase_num;
            i_user_timebase_den = strtoul( input_opt.timebase, NULL, 10 );
        }
        FAIL_IF_ERROR( i_user_timebase_num > UINT32_MAX || i_user_timebase_den > UINT32_MAX,
                       "timebase you specified exceeds H.264 maximum\n" )
        opt->timebase_convert_multiplier = ((double)i_user_timebase_den / info.timebase_den)
                                         * ((double)info.timebase_num / i_user_timebase_num);
        info.timebase_num = i_user_timebase_num;
        info.timebase_den = i_user_timebase_den;
        info.vfr = 1;
    }
    if( b_user_interlaced )
    {
        info.interlaced = param->b_interlaced;
        info.tff = param->b_tff;
    }
    if( input_opt.input_range != RANGE_AUTO )
        info.fullrange = input_opt.input_range;

	//初始化滤镜filter  
    //filter可以认为是一种“扩展”了的输入源
    if( init_vid_filters( vid_filters, &opt->hin, &info, param, output_csp ) )
        return -1;

    /* set param flags from the post-filtered video */
    param->b_vfr_input = info.vfr;
    param->i_fps_num = info.fps_num;
    param->i_fps_den = info.fps_den;
    param->i_timebase_num = info.timebase_num;
    param->i_timebase_den = info.timebase_den;
    param->vui.i_sar_width  = info.sar_width;
    param->vui.i_sar_height = info.sar_height;

    info.num_frames = X264_MAX( info.num_frames - opt->i_seek, 0 );
    if( (!info.num_frames || param->i_frame_total < info.num_frames)
        && param->i_frame_total > 0 )
        info.num_frames = param->i_frame_total;
    param->i_frame_total = info.num_frames;

    if( !b_user_interlaced && info.interlaced )
    {
#if HAVE_INTERLACED
        x264_cli_log( "x264", X264_LOG_WARNING, "input appears to be interlaced, enabling %cff interlaced mode.\n"
                      "                If you want otherwise, use --no-interlaced or --%cff\n",
                      info.tff ? 't' : 'b', info.tff ? 'b' : 't' );
        param->b_interlaced = 1;
        param->b_tff = !!info.tff;
#else
        x264_cli_log( "x264", X264_LOG_WARNING, "input appears to be interlaced, but not compiled with interlaced support\n" );
#endif
    }
    /* if the user never specified the output range and the input is now rgb, default it to pc */
    int csp = param->i_csp & X264_CSP_MASK;
    if( csp >= X264_CSP_BGR && csp <= X264_CSP_RGB )
    {
        if( input_opt.output_range == RANGE_AUTO )
            param->vui.b_fullrange = RANGE_PC;
        /* otherwise fail if they specified tv */
        FAIL_IF_ERROR( !param->vui.b_fullrange, "RGB must be PC range" )
    }

    /* Automatically reduce reference frame count to match the user's target level
     * if the user didn't explicitly set a reference frame count. */
    if( !b_user_ref )
    {
        int mbs = (((param->i_width)+15)>>4) * (((param->i_height)+15)>>4);
        for( int i = 0; x264_levels[i].level_idc != 0; i++ )
            if( param->i_level_idc == x264_levels[i].level_idc )
            {
                while( mbs * param->i_frame_reference > x264_levels[i].dpb && param->i_frame_reference > 1 )
                    param->i_frame_reference--;
                break;
            }
    }


    return 0;
}

3、编码函数encode()

        编码函数encode()主要用于设置正式编码前的一些参数，并且调用了encode_frame（）函数，而encode_frame（）又调用了x264_encoder_encode（）函数进行正式编码。对应的代码如下：

/************====== encode函数 ======************/
/*
功能：编码（在内部有一个循环用于一帧一帧编码）
*/
static int encode( x264_param_t *param, cli_opt_t *opt )
{
    x264_t *h = NULL;
    x264_picture_t pic;
    cli_pic_t cli_pic;
    const cli_pulldown_t *pulldown = NULL; // shut up gcc

    int     i_frame = 0;
    int     i_frame_output = 0;
    int64_t i_end, i_previous = 0, i_start = 0;
    int64_t i_file = 0;
    int     i_frame_size;
    int64_t last_dts = 0;
    int64_t prev_dts = 0;
    int64_t first_dts = 0;
#   define  MAX_PTS_WARNING 3 /* arbitrary */
    int     pts_warning_cnt = 0;
    int64_t largest_pts = -1;
    int64_t second_largest_pts = -1;
    int64_t ticks_per_frame;
    double  duration;
    double  pulldown_pts = 0;
    int     retval = 0;

    opt->b_progress &= param->i_log_level < X264_LOG_DEBUG;

    /* set up pulldown */
    if( opt->i_pulldown && !param->b_vfr_input )
    {
        param->b_pulldown = 1;
        param->b_pic_struct = 1;
        pulldown = &pulldown_values[opt->i_pulldown];
        param->i_timebase_num = param->i_fps_den;
        FAIL_IF_ERROR2( fmod( param->i_fps_num * pulldown->fps_factor, 1 ),
                        "unsupported framerate for chosen pulldown\n" )
        param->i_timebase_den = param->i_fps_num * pulldown->fps_factor;
    }

    h = x264_encoder_open( param );	/////////////////////////x264_encoder_open()：打开编码器
    FAIL_IF_ERROR2( !h, "x264_encoder_open failed\n" );

	//获得参数
    x264_encoder_parameters( h, param );

	//一些不是裸流的封转格式（FLV，MP4等）需要一些参数，例如宽高等等  
    //cli_output_t是代表输出媒体文件的结构体
    FAIL_IF_ERROR2( cli_output.set_param( opt->hout, param ), "can't set outfile param\n" );

	//计时开始
    i_start = x264_mdate();

    /* ticks/frame = ticks/second / frames/second */
    ticks_per_frame = (int64_t)param->i_timebase_den * param->i_fps_den / param->i_timebase_num / param->i_fps_num;
    FAIL_IF_ERROR2( ticks_per_frame < 1 && !param->b_vfr_input, "ticks_per_frame invalid: %"PRId64"\n", ticks_per_frame )
    ticks_per_frame = X264_MAX( ticks_per_frame, 1 );

	//如果不是在每个keyframe前面都增加SPS/PPS/SEI的话，就在整个码流前面加SPS/PPS/SEI  
    //Header指的就是SPS/PPS/SEI
    if( !param->b_repeat_headers )
    {
        // Write SPS/PPS/SEI
        x264_nal_t *headers;
        int i_nal;

		//获得文件头（SPS、PPS、SEI）
        FAIL_IF_ERROR2( x264_encoder_headers( h, &headers, &i_nal ) < 0, "x264_encoder_headers failed\n" )	/////////////////////////x264_encoder_headers()：输出SPS，PPS，SEI等信息
        
		//把文件头写入输出文件
		FAIL_IF_ERROR2( (i_file = cli_output.write_headers( opt->hout, headers )) < 0, "error writing headers to output file\n" );
    }

    if( opt->tcfile_out )
        fprintf( opt->tcfile_out, "# timecode format v2\n" );

    /* Encode frames */
	//循环进行编码
    for( ; !b_ctrl_c && (i_frame < param->i_frame_total || !param->i_frame_total); i_frame++ )
    {
        //从输入源中获取1帧YUV数据，存于cli_pic  
        //cli_vid_filter_t可以认为是x264一种“扩展”后的输入源，可以在像素域对图像进行拉伸裁剪等工作。  
        //原本代表输入源的结构体是cli_input_t
		if( filter.get_frame( opt->hin, &cli_pic, i_frame + opt->i_seek ) )
            break;

		//初始化x264_picture_t结构体pic
        x264_picture_init( &pic );

		//cli_pic到pic
        convert_cli_to_lib_pic( &pic, &cli_pic );

        if( !param->b_vfr_input )
            pic.i_pts = i_frame;

        if( opt->i_pulldown && !param->b_vfr_input )
        {
            pic.i_pic_struct = pulldown->pattern[ i_frame % pulldown->mod ];
            pic.i_pts = (int64_t)( pulldown_pts + 0.5 );
            pulldown_pts += pulldown_frame_duration[pic.i_pic_struct];
        }
        else if( opt->timebase_convert_multiplier )
            pic.i_pts = (int64_t)( pic.i_pts * opt->timebase_convert_multiplier + 0.5 );

        if( pic.i_pts <= largest_pts )
        {
            if( cli_log_level >= X264_LOG_DEBUG || pts_warning_cnt < MAX_PTS_WARNING )
                x264_cli_log( "x264", X264_LOG_WARNING, "non-strictly-monotonic pts at frame %d (%"PRId64" <= %"PRId64")\n",
                             i_frame, pic.i_pts, largest_pts );
            else if( pts_warning_cnt == MAX_PTS_WARNING )
                x264_cli_log( "x264", X264_LOG_WARNING, "too many nonmonotonic pts warnings, suppressing further ones\n" );
            pts_warning_cnt++;
            pic.i_pts = largest_pts + ticks_per_frame;
        }

        second_largest_pts = largest_pts;
        largest_pts = pic.i_pts;
        if( opt->tcfile_out )
            fprintf( opt->tcfile_out, "%.6f\n", pic.i_pts * ((double)param->i_timebase_num / param->i_timebase_den) * 1e3 );

        if( opt->qpfile )
            parse_qpfile( opt, &pic, i_frame + opt->i_seek );

        prev_dts = last_dts;

		//编码pic中存储的1帧YUV数据
        i_frame_size = encode_frame( h, opt->hout, &pic, &last_dts );	/////////////////////////encode_frame()
        if( i_frame_size < 0 )
        {
            b_ctrl_c = 1; /* lie to exit the loop */
            retval = -1;
        }
        else if( i_frame_size )
        {
            i_file += i_frame_size;
            i_frame_output++;
            if( i_frame_output == 1 )
                first_dts = prev_dts = last_dts;
        }

		//释放处理完的YUV数据
        if( filter.release_frame( opt->hin, &cli_pic, i_frame + opt->i_seek ) )
            break;

        /* update status line (up to 1000 times per input file) */
        if( opt->b_progress && i_frame_output )
            i_previous = print_status( i_start, i_previous, i_frame_output, param->i_frame_total, i_file, param, 2 * last_dts - prev_dts - first_dts );
    }
    /* Flush delayed frames */
	//输出编码器中剩余的帧  
    //x264_encoder_delayed_frames()返回剩余的帧的个数
    while( !b_ctrl_c && x264_encoder_delayed_frames( h ) )
    {
        prev_dts = last_dts;
		
		//编码  
        //注意第3个参数为NULL
        i_frame_size = encode_frame( h, opt->hout, NULL, &last_dts );	/////////////////////////encode_frame()
        if( i_frame_size < 0 )
        {
            b_ctrl_c = 1; /* lie to exit the loop */
            retval = -1;
        }
        else if( i_frame_size )
        {
            i_file += i_frame_size;
            i_frame_output++;
            if( i_frame_output == 1 )
                first_dts = prev_dts = last_dts;
        }
		//输出一些统计信息
        if( opt->b_progress && i_frame_output )
            i_previous = print_status( i_start, i_previous, i_frame_output, param->i_frame_total, i_file, param, 2 * last_dts - prev_dts - first_dts );
    }
fail:
    if( pts_warning_cnt >= MAX_PTS_WARNING && cli_log_level < X264_LOG_DEBUG )
        x264_cli_log( "x264", X264_LOG_WARNING, "%d suppressed nonmonotonic pts warnings\n", pts_warning_cnt-MAX_PTS_WARNING );

    /* duration algorithm fails when only 1 frame is output */
    if( i_frame_output == 1 )
        duration = (double)param->i_fps_den / param->i_fps_num;
    else if( b_ctrl_c )
        duration = (double)(2 * last_dts - prev_dts - first_dts) * param->i_timebase_num / param->i_timebase_den;
    else
        duration = (double)(2 * largest_pts - second_largest_pts) * param->i_timebase_num / param->i_timebase_den;
	
	//计时结束
    i_end = x264_mdate();

    /* Erase progress indicator before printing encoding stats. */
    if( opt->b_progress )
        fprintf( stderr, "                                                                               \r" );
    if( h )
        x264_encoder_close( h );	/////////////////////////x264_encoder_close()：关闭编码器
    fprintf( stderr, "\n" );

    if( b_ctrl_c )
        fprintf( stderr, "aborted at input frame %d, output frame %d\n", opt->i_seek + i_frame, i_frame_output );
	
	//关闭输出文件
    cli_output.close_file( opt->hout, largest_pts, second_largest_pts );
    opt->hout = NULL;

    if( i_frame_output > 0 )
    {
        double fps = (double)i_frame_output * (double)1000000 /
                     (double)( i_end - i_start );

        fprintf( stderr, "encoded %d frames, %.2f fps, %.2f kb/s\n", i_frame_output, fps,
                 (double) i_file * 8 / ( 1000 * duration ) );
    }

    return retval;
}

/************====== 编码函数 ======************/
/*
功能：encode_frame()内部调用x264_encoder_encode()完成编码工作，
      调用输出格式对应cli_output_t结构体的write_frame()完成了输出工作。
*/
static int encode_frame( x264_t *h, hnd_t hout, x264_picture_t *pic, int64_t *last_dts )
{
    x264_picture_t pic_out;
    x264_nal_t *nal;
    int i_nal;
    int i_frame_size = 0;

	//编码API  
    //编码x264_picture_t为x264_nal_t
    i_frame_size = x264_encoder_encode( h, &nal, &i_nal, pic, &pic_out );	//////////////////////////x264_encoder_encode()

    FAIL_IF_ERROR( i_frame_size < 0, "x264_encoder_encode failed\n" );

    if( i_frame_size )
    {
        //通过cli_output_t中的方法输出  
        //输出raw H.264流的话，等同于直接fwrite()  
        //其他封装格式，则还需进行一定的封装
		i_frame_size = cli_output.write_frame( hout, nal[0].p_payload, i_frame_size, &pic_out );
        *last_dts = pic_out.i_dts;
    }

    return i_frame_size;
}

4、总结

  

        main()是x264控制台程序的入口函数，可以看出main()的定义很简单，它主要调用了两个函数：parse()和encode()。main()首先调用parse()解析输入的命令行参数，然后调用encode()进行编码。

        parse()用于解析命令行输入的参数（存储于argv[]中）。parse()的流程大致为：

（1）调用x264_param_default()为存储参数的结构体x264_param_t赋默认值；

（2）调用x264_param_default_preset()为x264_param_t赋值；

（3）在一个大循环中调用getopt_long()逐个解析输入的参数，并作相应的处理。举几个例子：

        a)“-h”：调用help()打开帮助菜单。
        b)“-V”调用print_version_info()打印版本信息。
        c)对于长选项，调用x264_param_parse()进行处理。

（4）调用select_input()解析输出文件格式（例如raw，flv，MP4…）

（5）调用select_output()解析输入文件格式（例如yuv，y4m…）

        encode()编码YUV为H.264码流，主要流程为：

（1）调用x264_encoder_open()打开H.264编码器；

（2）调用x264_encoder_parameters()获得当前的参数集x264_param_t，用于后续步骤中的一些配置；

（3）调用输出格式（H.264裸流、FLV、mp4等）对应cli_output_t结构体的set_param()方法，为输出格式的封装器设定参数。其中参数源自于上一步骤得到的x264_param_t；

（4）如果不是在每个keyframe前面都增加SPS/PPS/SEI的话，就调用x264_encoder_headers()在整个码流前面加SPS/PPS/SEI；

（5）进入一个循环中进行一帧一帧的将YUV编码为H.264：

        a)调用输入格式（YUV、Y4M等）对应的cli_vid_filter_t结构体get_frame()方法，获取一帧YUV数据。
        b)调用encode_frame()编码该帧YUV数据为H.264数据，并且输出出来。该函数内部调用x264_encoder_encode()完成编码工作，调用输出格式对应cli_output_t结构体的write_frame()完成了输出工作。
       c)调用输入格式（YUV、Y4M等）对应的cli_vid_filter_t结构体release_frame()方法，释放刚才获取的YUV数据。
       d)调用print_status()输出一些统计信息。

（6）编码即将结束的时候，进入另一个循环，输出编码器中缓存的视频帧：

       a)不再传递新的YUV数据，直接调用encode_frame()，将编码器中缓存的剩余几帧数据编码输出出来。
       b)调用print_status()输出一些统计信息。

（7）调用x264_encoder_close()关闭H.264编码器。