Scala学习笔记(Scala编程第18章 Stateful Objects 例子分析)

《Programming In Scala》第18章 Stateful Objects 例子分析。

源程序:
/**
 * 《Programming In Scala》第18章 Stateful Objects 例子
 */
package org.stairwaybook.simulation

//模拟器基类
abstract class Simulation {
    //模拟动作,为函数
    type Action = () => Unit
    //工作项目,time为动作启动时间,action为动作
    case class WorkItem(time: Int, action: Action)
    //当前时间
    private var curtime = 0
    //取得当前时间
    def currentTime: Int = curtime
    //工作日程表,例表内项目应按照启动时间的升序排列
    private var agenda: List[WorkItem] = List()
    //向日程表中加入工作项目,ag为目标日程表,item为被插入项目
    private def insert(ag: List[WorkItem],  item: WorkItem): List[WorkItem] = {
        //按升序插入
        if (ag.isEmpty || item.time < ag.head.time) item :: ag
        //分割列表,递归调用找到第一个比被插入项目晚的项目
        else ag.head :: insert(ag.tail, item)
    }
    //向内部日程表中插入指定延时后的工作,delay为延时时间,block为工作函数(by name)
    def afterDelay(delay: Int)(block: => Unit) {
        val item = WorkItem(currentTime + delay, () => block)
        agenda = insert(agenda, item)
    }
    //取得日程表中最前面的工作,并将其从日程表中删除,然后执行该工作
    private def next() {
        (agenda: @unchecked) match {
            case item :: rest =>
                agenda = rest
                curtime = item.time
                item.action()
        }
    }

    //执行模拟
    def run() {
        //打印开始时间
        afterDelay(0) {
            println("*** simulation started, time = " + currentTime + " ***")
        }
        //执行日程表中所有工作
        while (!agenda.isEmpty) next()
    }
}

//电路模拟基类
abstract class BasicCircuitSimulation extends Simulation {
    //反转器延时
    def InverterDelay: Int
    //结合器延时
    def AndGateDelay: Int
    //分离器延时
    def OrGateDelay: Int
    //线路类
    class Wire {
        //线路值(状态)
        private var sigVal = false
        //执行动作
        private var actions: List[Action] = List()
        //取得线路值
        def getSignal = sigVal
        //设置线路值,当值有变化就执行所有动作
        def setSignal(s: Boolean) =
            if (s != sigVal) {
                sigVal = s
                actions foreach (_ ())
            }
        //加入动作,并且执行一次该动作
        def addAction(a: Action) = {
            actions = a :: actions
            a()
        }
    }
    //加入反转工作
    def inverter(input: Wire, output: Wire) = {
        def invertAction() {
            val inputSig = input.getSignal
            afterDelay(InverterDelay) {
                output setSignal !inputSig
            }
        }
        //invertAction加入后马上被执行,并且在input的每次状态改变后都会被执行
        input addAction invertAction
    }
    //加入结合工作
    def andGate(a1: Wire, a2: Wire, output: Wire) = {
        def andAction() = {
            val a1Sig = a1.getSignal
            val a2Sig = a2.getSignal
            afterDelay(AndGateDelay) {
                output setSignal (a1Sig & a2Sig)
            }
        }
        //addAction加入后马上被执行,并且在a1或a2中的任意一个状态改变后就会被执行
        a1 addAction andAction
        a2 addAction andAction
    }
    //加入分离工作
    def orGate(o1: Wire, o2: Wire, output: Wire) {
        def orAction() {
            val o1Sig = o1.getSignal
            val o2Sig = o2.getSignal
            afterDelay(OrGateDelay) {
                output setSignal (o1Sig | o2Sig)
            }
        }
        //orAction加入后马上被执行,并且在o1或o2中的任意一个状态改变后就会被执行
        o1 addAction orAction
        o2 addAction orAction
    }
    //线路监测工作
    def probe(name: String, wire: Wire) {
        def probeAction() {
            println(name +" "+ currentTime + " newvalue = " + wire.getSignal)
        }
        //加入后马上被执行,并且在wire的每次状态改变后都会被执行
        wire addAction probeAction
    }
}

//扩展电路模拟类
abstract class CircuitSimulation
extends BasicCircuitSimulation {
    //加入半加工作
    def halfAdder(a: Wire, b: Wire, s: Wire, c: Wire) {
        val d, e = new Wire
        orGate(a, b, d)
        andGate(a, b, c)
        inverter(c, e)
        andGate(d, e, s)
    }
    //加入全加工作
    def fullAdder(a: Wire, b: Wire, cin: Wire, sum: Wire, cout: Wire) {
        val s, c1, c2 = new Wire
        halfAdder(a, cin, s, c1)
        halfAdder(b, s, sum, c2)
        orGate(c1, c2, cout)
    }
}

//文件主单例对象,作为本文件的主执行程序
object App extends Application {
    //模拟对象实例
    object MySimulation extends CircuitSimulation {
        def InverterDelay = 1
        def AndGateDelay = 3
        def OrGateDelay = 5
    }
    //引入模拟对象实例中的所有元素
    import MySimulation._
    //定义线路
    val input1, input2, sum, carry = new Wire
    //加入监测点
    probe("sum", sum)
    probe("carry", carry)
    //加入半加
    halfAdder(input1, input2, sum, carry)
    //改变input1的状态
    input1 setSignal true
    //执行模拟
    run()

    //改变input2的状态
    input2 setSignal true
    //执行模拟
    run()
}


执行结果:
sum 0 newvalue = false
carry 0 newvalue = false
*** simulation started, time = 0 ***
sum 8 newvalue = true
*** simulation started, time = 8 ***
carry 11 newvalue = true
sum 15 newvalue = false

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