Install oracle for centos5.9(安装文档)

 

Install oracle for centos5.9(安装文档)

文档目录

一、系统安装oracle需求

二、开机自动启动数据库

三、维护脚本(个人维护脚本，不适应大多数用户)

四、解决10.2.0.1一些基本应用BUG问题

 

系统硬件配置 PowerEdge R720

硬件	型号	大小
处理器	E5-2609 (2.40GHz,10M 缓存, 6.4GT/s QPI, 无Turbo, 4C, 80W)	4C*2=8C
内存	4GB RDIMM, 1600 MHz, 标准电压, 双列, x8 带宽	4*8=32G
硬盘	600GB 3.5英寸15K RPM 6Gbps SAS热插拔硬盘	600*4=2.4T Raid10可用磁盘1.2T
主板	PowerEdge R720 NTPM

操作系统：centos5.9 64bit

Oracle: 10.2.0.1

 

一、系统安装oracle需求

 

1、 RAM与swap规划

RAM	Swap Space
Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB	1.5 times the size of RAM
Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB	Equal to the size of RAM
More than 8192 MB	0.75 times the size of RAM

 

2、 系统软件包支持

for i in binutils compat-gcc-34 compat-libstdc++-296 control-center \

      gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel libaio libgcc \

      libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXp make openmotif22 setarch

do

         rpm -q $i &>/dev/null || F="$F $i"

done ;echo $F;unset F

 

3、 系统版本环境修改(10g 支持 redhat 4,所以修改一下版本骗过检验)

vi  /ect/redhat-release

 

4、 建立用户，环境变量，目录，DNS解析（私人维护目录）

groupadd -g  1000 oinstall

groupadd -g 1001 dba

useradd -u 1000 oracle -g oinstall -G dba

passwd oracle

mkdir -p /u01/oracle

chown oracle:oinstall /u01/oracle

设置oracle环境变量

vi   .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=doudou

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

添加/etc/hosts中dns解析信息

192.168.1.241                doudou

个人维护目录

/u01/oracle/

/rman/archivelog

/rman/backup

/rman/backup/arch

/rman/backup/data

/home/oracle/log

/home/oracle/scripts

 

5、 操作系统资源限制（sysctl –p 加载参数立刻生效，32G）

vi /etc/sysctl.conf  文件底端 

kernel.shmall =8388608   

kernel.shmmax =17179869184

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 1048576

net.core.rmem_max = 1048576

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

*********************************************************************

kernel.shmall = 8388608   

kernel.shmmax = 17179869184

kernel.shmall为物理内存除以pagesize;  --获取pagesize:getconf PAGESIZE

kernel.shmmax为物理内存的一半;

*********************************************************************

 

6、shell限制

vi  /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

vi  /etc/pam.d/system-auth

session    required      pam_limits.so

 

7、使用xmanger映射出图形界面

export DISPLAY=192.168.1.15:0.0

xclock 出现图表图样说明xmanger配置成功

[oracle@gaokao ~]$ xclock

export LANG=C

 

8、安装oracle镜像加压及oracle软件安装

10201_database_linux_x86_64.iso

mount –o loop 10201_database_linux_x86_64.iso /guazai

cp /guazai/10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz /u01/oracle

10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz解压

gunzip10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz

cpio -idmv <10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

 

 [oracle@dyora ~]$ /u01/oracle/database/runInstaller -ignoreSysPreReqs

 

9、安装过程中出现错误

error in invoking target 'ntcontab.o' of makefile

解决：

没有满足系统软件包支持，安装所需软件包问题解决

 

二、开机自动启动数据库

1、 修改 /etc/oratab

 doudou:/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0:Y

2、修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart脚本中的一处错误

         将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle修改成ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

3、 创建database脚本

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/database

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: 35 85 90
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
# AUTH:seker
. /etc/init.d/functions

start(){
 if ps aux | grep ora_ | grep -v grep &>/dev/null
 then
  echo -n $"cannot start database: database is already running."
  failure $"cannot start database: database is already running."
  echo
  exit 1
 else
  echo -n $"Starting Database: "
  daemon su - $ORA_OWNER -c "dbstart" && touch /var/lock/subsys/`basename $0`
  echo
 fi
}
stop(){
 if ps aux | grep ora_ | grep -v grep &>/dev/null
 then
  echo -n $"Stoping Database: "
  daemon su - $ORA_OWNER -c "dbshut" && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/`basename $0`
  echo
 else
  echo -n $"cannot stop database:Database is not already running."
  failure $"cannot stop database:Database is not already running."
  echo
  exit 1
 fi
}

ORA_OWNER=oracle
case "$1" in
    start)
 start
 ;;
    stop)
 stop
 ;;
    emstart)
 su - $ORA_OWNER  -c 'emctl status dbconsole &>/dev/null && echo "OEM is already running" || emctl start dbconsole'
 ;;
    emstop)
 su - $ORA_OWNER  -c 'emctl status dbconsole &>/dev/null && emctl stop dbconsole || echo "OEM is not running"'
 ;;
    isqlstart)
 su - $ORA_OWNER  -c  'ps aux | grep 'isqlplus/config/server.xml' | grep -v grep &>/dev/null || isqlplusctl start'
 ;;
    isqlstop)
 su - $ORA_OWNER  -c  'ps aux | grep 'isqlplus/config/server.xml' | grep -v grep &>/dev/null && isqlplusctl stop ||  echo "isqlplus is not running"'
 ;;
    lsnstart)
 su - $ORA_OWNER  -c  'lsnrctl status &>/dev/null && echo "listen is already running" || lsnrctl start &>/dev/null'
 ;;
    lsnstop)
 su - $ORA_OWNER  -c  'lsnrctl status &>/dev/null && lsnrctl stop &>/dev/null || echo "lsnrctl is not already running"'
 ;;
 *)
 echo "USAGE: $0 {start|stop|lsnstart|lsnstop|emstart|emstop|isqlstart|isqlstop}"
 echo -e "\tstart     : database start"
 echo -e "\tstop      : database stop"
 echo -e "\tlsnstart  : listen start"
 echo -e "\tlsnstop   : listen stop"
 echo -e "\temstart   : OEM start"
 echo -e "\temstop    : OEM stop"
 echo -e "\tisqlstart : isqlplus start"
 echo -e "\tisqlstop  : isqlplus stop"
esac

4、 修改执行权限chmod 755 ora

chmod 755/etc/rc.d/init.d/database

5、 修改chkconfig database on 开机自动启动

chkconfig --add database

chkconfig --list database

chkconfig database on

6、使用service是否可以开启，关闭数据库

service database start

service database stop

7、reboot

OK，开机自动启动数据库了

 

 

三、维护脚本

 

[oracle@neworadb ~]$ crontab -l

0 4 * * 0 sh /home/oracle/scripts/orcl_backup_level0.sh

0 4 * * 3,5 sh /home/oracle/scripts/orcl_backup_level1.sh

0 4 * * 1,2,4,6 sh /home/oracle/scripts/orcl_backup_level2.sh

0 3 * * 2,4,6 sh /home/oracle/scripts/delete_rman_db.sh

30 4 * * * sh /home/oracle/scripts/orcl_rman_db_validate.sh

0 5 * * * sh /home/oracle/scripts/alert_orcl.log.sh

2 5 * * * sh /home/oracle/scripts/orcl_tablespace.sh

20 5 * * * sh /home/oracle/scripts/alert.log.sh

10 10 * * * sh /home/oracle/scripts/delete_alert.log.sh

 

 

vi orcl_backup_level0.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

rman target /  nocatalog log=/home/oracle/log/rman_db_level0.log <<EOF

run {

allocate channel d1 type disk;

allocate channel d2 type disk;

allocate channel d3 type disk;

backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 database filesperset 4 format

'/rman/backup/data/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T.bak' include current controlfile;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all filesperset 10 format '/rman/backup/arch/arc_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T.bak';

release channel d1;

release channel d2;

release channel d3;

crosscheck backup;

}

exit

EOF

 

vi orcl_backup_level1.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

rman target /  nocatalog log=/home/oracle/log/rman_db_level1.log <<EOF

run {

allocate channel d1 type disk;

allocate channel d2 type disk;

allocate channel d3 type disk;

backup as compressed backupset incremental level 1 database filesperset 4 format

'/rman/backup/data/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T.bak' include current controlfile;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all filesperset 10 format '/rman/backup/arch/arc_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T.bak';

release channel d1;

release channel d2;

release channel d3;

crosscheck backup;

}

exit

EOF

 

vi orcl_backup_level2.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

rman target /  nocatalog log=/home/oracle/log/rman_db_level2.log <<EOF

run {

allocate channel d1 type disk;

allocate channel d2 type disk;

allocate channel d3 type disk;

backup as compressed backupset incremental level 2 database filesperset 4 format

'/rman/backup/data/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T.bak' include current controlfile;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all filesperset 10 format '/rman/backup/arch/arc_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T.bak';

release channel d1;

release channel d2;

release channel d3;

crosscheck backup;

}

exit

EOF

 

 

vi delete_rman_db.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

rman target /  nocatalog log=/home/oracle/log/delete_orcl.log <<EOF

run {

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup ;

delete noprompt obsolete;}

exit

EOF

 

vi orcl_rman_db_validate.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

rman target /  nocatalog log=/home/oracle/log/orcl_rman_db_validate.log <<EOF

restore validate controlfile;

restore validate database;

exit

EOF

 

vi alert_orcl.log.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/bdump

if [ -f alert_orcl.log ]

then

tail -60 alert_orcl.log >>alert_dba.log

grep ORA- alert_dba.log >>alert_err.log

mv alert_dba.log /home/oracle/log/orcl_alert_dba.log

mv alert_err.log /home/oracle/log/orcl_alert_err.log

fi

 

vi orcl_tablespace.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

cd /home/oracle/log

sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF

set feed off

set linesize 100

set pagesize 200

column "USED (MB)" format a10

column "FREE (MB)" format a10

column "TOTAL (MB)" format a10

column PER_FREE format a10

column TABLESPACE_NAME format a25

spool orcl_tablespace.alert

SELECT F.TABLESPACE_NAME,

TO_CHAR ((T.TOTAL_SPACE - F.FREE_SPACE),'999,999') "USED (MB)",

TO_CHAR (F.FREE_SPACE, '999,999') "FREE (MB)",

TO_CHAR (T.TOTAL_SPACE, '999,999') "TOTAL (MB)",

TO_CHAR ((ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)),'999')||' %' PER_FREE

FROM (

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

ROUND (SUM (BLOCKS*(SELECT VALUE/1024

FROM V\$PARAMETER

WHERE NAME = 'db_block_size')/1024)

) FREE_SPACE

FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE

GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME

) F,

(

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

ROUND (SUM (BYTES/1048576)) TOTAL_SPACE

FROM DBA_DATA_FILES

GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME

) T

WHERE F.TABLESPACE_NAME = T.TABLESPACE_NAME

AND (ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)) < 20;

spool off

exit

EOF

 

vi alert.log.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

cd /home/oracle/log

hostname >> alert.log

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

echo $ORACLE_SID>>alert.log

cat orcl_alert_err.log>> alert.log

date >> alert.log

export orcl_tablespace=orcl____tablespace

echo $orcl_tablespace>>alert.log

cat orcl_tablespace.alert >> alert.log

grep Finished backup at /home/oracle/log/rman_db_level0.log >> alert.log

grep Finished backup at /home/oracle/log/rman_db_level1.log >> alert.log

grep Finished backup at /home/oracle/log/rman_db_level2.log >> alert.log

ls -l /home/oracle/log >> alert.log

df -h >> alert.log

du -ms /rman >> alert.log

du -ms /rman/archivelog >> alert.log

grep Finished  /home/oracle/log/orcl_rman_db_validate.log >> alert.log

 

vi  delete_alert.log.sh

 

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

cd /home/oracle/log/

rm -rf alert.log

 

 

四、解决10.2.0.1一些基本应用BUG问题

 

1、 添加日志（INACTIVE状态的才可以删除）

alter database drop logfile ‘/u01/oracle/oradata/doudou/redo01.log’;

alter database add logfile group 1 ‘/u01/oracle/oradata/doudou/redo01.log’ size 200m reuse;

2、添加隐含参数来解决Heap size 2294K exceeds notification threshold (2048K)

alter system set "_kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold"=8388608 scope=spfile ;

3、打补丁patch 4612267 ，来解决sqlplus没有反应问题

    3-1:安装补丁

    a)关闭监听，dbconsole，数据库

lsnrctl stop

emctl stop dbconsole

shutdown immediate

    b)安装patch

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/patches

cp p4612267_10201_Linux-x86-64.zip $ORACLE_BASE/patches

unzip p4612267_10201_Linux-x86-64.zip

cd 4612267/

$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply

c)验证patch

$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory

d)开启数据库，dbconsole，监听

startup

emctl start dbconsole

lsnrctl start

3-2：卸载补丁

a)关闭监听，dbconsole，数据库

lsnrctl stop

emctl stop dbconsole

shutdown immediate

b)删除patch

cd $ORACLE_BASE/patches/4612267

$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch rollback -id 4612267

c)验证patch

$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory

d)开启数据库，dbconsole，监听

startup

emctl start dbconsole

lsnrctl start